• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2008

본 연구는 현재 비보 못과 비보 숲의 형태가 남아있는 대구광역시 소재 경주 최씨의 씨족마을인 옻골마을을 대상으로 실증적인 조사를 하여 환경생태적으로 해석하고자 한다. 특히, 비보경관인 비보연못, 비보숲 그리고 마을수계를 환경생태적으로 해석하고 규명하고자 한다. 연구방법은 연구대상지에 현재 남아 있는 비보경관에 대해 풍수지리적으로 서술하고 이것에 대한 환경생태적 의미를 규명하고자 한다. 환경생태적 의미는 매우 포괄적인 개념이지만 본 연구는 실증적 연구로서 삶의 질의 측면에서 다음과 같이 해석하고자 한다. 첫째, 지속적인 수계기능의 활성화를 규명하고자 수질을 측정했다. 즉 선비의 상징 및 휴식공간이 있는 동계, 생활주거공간인 서계, 이 두 계곡의 물이 합쳐지는 비보연못 그리고 연못에서 머문 후 마을 밖으로 흐르는 개울의 수질을 측정했다. 둘째, 마을의 안과 밖을 경계하는 비보숲의 미기후에 대한 기능을 평가하고자 했다. 즉 숲을 중심으로 각각 200m 떨어진 지점에 각 지점별 2개의 온도기를 설치하여 시간대별로 기온을 측정했다. 셋째, 건전한 생태계를 지속시킬 수 있는지에 대해 측정했다. 즉 경관생태지표를 선정하여 측정했다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비보연못은 수질정화의 기능을 하는 것으로 규명되었다. 또한 동계정, 정려각 등 조경공간의 기능이 배치되어 있는 동계는 암벽과 계류 등 경관이 빼어나 주로 남성들이 이용하는 공간이었던 것에 비하여 주거공간이 많은 서계는 빨래 등 여성들의 활동에 필요한 공간으로 사용된 것으로 수질의 차를 설명할 수 있을 것으로 사려된다. 둘째, 비보숲의 경우는 그 목적인 방풍과 온도저감을 기대하기는 적합하지 않는 소규모의 마을숲으로 다만 마을의 영역을 구분하는 기능을 한다고 해석함이 바람직할 것이다. 셋째, 경관생태지표를 통한 생태적 건전성은 양호하며 보통의 전통농촌마을과 유사성을 보이고 있다. 녹지연결측면에서 본다면 마을 경계녹지와 마을숲의 연결은 매우 양호하다. 특히 훼손된 마을숲을 잘 복원한다면 생물서식환경의 기능을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 연구결과를 고찰해보면, 전통마을공간은 인간과 자연이 유기적인 통합체로 공존하는 환경생태학적 사고를 바탕에 둔 풍수지리사상의 영향으로 형성되었다. 또한 환경생태적 방법으로 볼 때, 풍수지리사상 중 비보사상에 의해 조성된 비보못과 비보숲의 의미는 지속 가능한 마을을 조성하는 중요 요소로 볼 수 있다. 다양한 수공간은 물의 순환체계를 원활하게 해주어 수질정화와 수량 확보에 크게 기여할 것이며, 숲은 마을을 위요시켜주면서 미기후를 조성하게 해주어서 겨울과 여름철의 기온차와 습도차를 줄어줄 것이다. 하지만, 숲의 규모가 작고 훼손이 심한 경우 상징적인 영역성을 나타내는 경우가 많다. 그리고 전체 녹지체계와 식생구성은 생물다양성을 증진시키고 종의 이동을 원활하게 하는 연결녹지로서 기여할 것이다. 옻골마을은 마을형국을 보다 완전하게 만들기 위해 비보경관을 조성했다. 즉 땅의 생태질서를 최대한 유지하고 그것에 대한 점진적 이해를 바탕으로 조정된 마을로 쾌적한 주거환경을 만들어 낼 수 있었다. 또한 이러한 전통마을계획방법은 유기적이고 환경생태적인 방법이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 환경생태학에서 보는 전통마을은 객관적으로 이해될 수 있는 대상이다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.69-72
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• 2008

The movement of sediments in the stream crossing a large industrial complex to the mouth of Masan Bay was monitored for eight years. Sediment samples were seasonally collected in the period of $1992{\sim}1997$ and $2001{\sim}2002$. The heavy metal content of sediment was found to be higher at dry season with the peak on February and significantly decreased at rainy season. Metals content in stream sediments were rapidly decreased by large precipitation events in rainy season because the contaminants in the upstream sediments were transported to the dredged area of Masan Bay where is a typical enclosed bay in Korea. The increasing and decreasing tendency of heavy metals in sediment was repeatedly observed for six consecutive years. The heavy metals assessment of stream sediment provide us the information about the pollutant source, transport pattern and control strategy along the industrial complex. It was strongly suggested that the transportable stream sediments of an industrial area should be controlled as one of the important strategies to restore and manage the enclosed bay. Combined wastewaters have been collected and treated in a publicly owned treatment works (POTW) after industrial wastewater treatment at each location of industries since 1994. A field study was conducted to investigate the pollutant removal efficiency and performance of contact oxidation system installed and operated in two locations in the stream. The stream sediment quality was improved since then, and as a consequence the habitat of the estuary has been restored.

• Architectural research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

Effects of physical attributes of workstation enclosures on the performance of office workers with different difficult levels of office tasks and moods are presented. Performance scores in complex tasks were expected to increase with greater workstation enclosures while those in simple tasks would be the same. Mood ratings were expected to be higher in lower workstation enclosures. Performance of 102 college students on ambient office sounds (45 dBA) with office tasks were measured for 100 minutes under three different workplace enclosures: (1) four foot partitions on two sides; (2) six foot partitions on three sides; and (3) a fully enclosed workstation with eight foot partitions. The tasks were to memorize a paragraph with 130 words (complex task) and to search phone numbers (simple task). The complex task performance in the fully enclosed workstation was increased compared to that in the workstation with four foot partitions (p < 0.001) and to that in the workstation with six foot partitions (p < 0.05). However, occupants in the fully enclosed workstation with office sounds without speech generally gave higher mood ratings. It indicates that closed individual offices may offer important contributions to collaborative work as well as individual productivity. These findings would help design community revise open plan design to increase collaboration among office workers.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.430-439
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• 1985

본 연구에서는 유한차분법을 사용하여 지배방정식의 수치해를 구하였으며, 특 히 유체와 고체 사이의 접촉면조건에서 correlation인자를 도입하여 K/$_{s}$/ $K_{f}$ 비가 큰 값에서는 수치해를 얻을 수가 있었다. 그리고 실험에서 여러가지 $K_{s}$/ $K_{f}$값에 대하여 온도를 측정하였으며, 여기서 계산치와 비교하면서 correlation인 자의 신뢰도를 조사하였다. 수평 이중 환상밀폐공간에서 유선 및 등온선을 여러가지 무차원 변수에 대하여 나타내었다. 등가 열전도도(equivalent conductivity)를 정의 하여 도입하고 $K_{s}$/ $K_{f}$값 중간 셸 두께, Prandtl 그리고 Rayleigh수에 대한 영향을 조사하여 이중 밀폐공간에서의 conjugate 자연대류 열전달특성을 연구하였다..였다..

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2016

Intact germinal vesicle (GV) arrest and release are essential for maintaining the fertility of mammals inducing human. Intact germinal vesicle release, maturation of oocytes is maintained by very complex procedures along with folliculogenesis and is a critical step for embryonic development. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) has been suggested a key factor for meiotic arrest but so far its mechanisms are controversy. In this study we examine the effects of cGMP on germinal vesicle breakdown in cumulus-enclosed oocytes and denuded oocytes. Spontaneous maturation was inhibited by a cGMP agonist, 8-Br-cGMP with concentration dependent manners both in cumulus-enclosed oocytes and denuded oocytes. The inhibitory effect was more severe in denuded oocytes than cumulus-enclosed oocytes. The Rp-8-Br-cGMP and Rp-pCPT-8-Br-cGMP did not severely block GVB compared to 8-Br-cGMP. The spontaneous GVB inhibitory effects were different by the existence of cumulus. Based on them it is suggested that the cumulus modulates the role of cGMP in GV arrest.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2020

Fragility as one of the most effective methods to evaluate seismic performance, which is greatly affected by damage index. Taking a multi span continuous rigid frame offshore bridge as an example. Based on fragility and reliability theory, considering coupling effect of time-varying durability damage of materials and time-varying attenuation effect of damage index to analyze seismic performance of offshore bridges. Results show that IDA curve considering time-varying damage index is obviously below that without considering; area enclosed by IDA of 1# pier and X-axis under No.1 earthquake considering this effect is 96% of that without considering. Area enclosed by damage index of 1# pier and X-axis under serious damage with considering time-varying damage index is 90% of that without considering in service period. Time-varying damage index has a greater impact on short pier when ground motion intensity is small, while it has a great impact on high pier when the intensity is large. The area enclosed by fragility of bridge system and X-axis under complete destruction considering time-varying damage index is 165% of that without considering when reach designed service life. Therefore, time-varying attenuation effect of damage index has a great impact on seismic performance of bridge in service period.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2004

In vitro maturation of denuded porcine immature oocytes can be enhanced by co-incubation with spermatozoa even before fertilization. This study was to determine whether the addition of spermatozoa into the culture medium could influence the nuclear maturation of porcine cumulus-enclosed germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from follicles of 3- to 5-mm diameter. Porcine COCs were cultured in tissue culture medium containing spermatozoa. After 48 h culture, oocytes were examined for evidence of GV breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II. The proportion of oocytes reaching at metaphase II was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the oocytes cultured in media containing spermatozoa compared to those in media without spermatozoa (52.3% vs 12.5%). No difference in the percentage of metaphase II was observed among the different periods of spermatozoa exposure and among the spermatozoa from different species. The proportion of oocytes reaching metaphase II was significantly different between high and low concentrations of spermatozoa. The present study suggests that manunalian spermatozoa contain a substance(s) that improves nuclear in vitro maturation of porcine cumulus-enclosed GV oocytes. Enhancing effect of spermatozoa for in vitro maturation of oocytes is a highly dose-dependent.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.982-992
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• 2001

In this paper, the performance of ventilation equipments in enclosed parking garages were investigated for several air distribution systems by numerical method. Air change effectiveness of the non-mixing system was 0.42. It meant that more supply air as much as the design supply air was needed to maintain good indoor air quality. In the high speed nozzle ventilating system which is most expensive one, air change effectiveness was 0.54. Therefore this system satisfied to ventilation design. In the jet fan ventilating systems, air change effectiveness for jet fan ventilating system-A with 18 jet fans and jet fan ventilating system-B with 6 jet fans in circulation mixing arrangement were 0.565 and 0.42 respectively. Jet fan ventilating system-C with 6 jet fans in transport mixing arrangement was 0.535. Jet fan ventilating system-A and jet fan ventilating system-C met the ventilation design. But velocity in jet fan ventilating system-A was over 2.0m/s which is inappropriate in human comfort. Therefore this system is not proper to ventilation. Jet fan ventilating system-C was the optimum one for enclosed parking garages among 5 systems examined in this paper.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

Cooling towers are widely used not only for cooling products and equipment in manufacturing process but HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system. As a cooling tower is the terminal apparatus which discharges heat from industrial process, the efficiency of heat exchange in the cooling tower greatly affects to the overall performance of a thermal system. In this paper, we constituted a new water cooling system by using a Latent heat of evaporation in an enclosed tank, and this system is consisted of an enclosed vacuum tank and water driven ejector system. Several experimental cases were carried out for improvement methods of high vacuum pressure and water cooling characteristics. The ejector performance was tested in case of water temperature variations that flows into the ejector. Based on the vacuum pressure by water driven ejector, the water cooling characteristics were investigated for the vaporized air condensing effects.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2024

The size of semiconductor devices has been scaled down to improve packing density and output performance. However, there is uncontrollable spreading of the dopants that comprise the well, punch-stop, and channel-stop when using high-temperature annealing processes, such as rapid thermal annealing (RTA). In this context, low-temperature deuterium annealing (LTDA) performed at a low temperature of 300℃ is proposed to reduce the thermal budget during CMOS fabrication. The LTDA effectively eliminates the interface trap in the gate dielectric layer, thereby improving the electrical characteristics of devices, such as threshold voltage (V_TH), subthreshold swing (SS), on-state current (I_ON), and off-state current (I_OFF). Moreover, the LTDA is perfectly compatible with CMOS processes.