• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-65
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• 2009

As a number of people using the internet for their shopping steadily rises, it is increasingly important for retailers to understand why consumers decide to buy products via online or offline. The main purpose of this study is to develop and test a model that enhance our understanding of how consumers respond future online and offline channels for their purchasing. Rather than merely adopting statistical models like most other studies in this field, the present study develops a model that combines double-cohort method with multinomial logit model. It is desirable if one can adopt an overall encompassing criterion in the study of consumer behaviors form diverse sales channels. This study uses the concept of cohort or aging to enable this comparison. It enables us to analyze how consumers respond to online and offline channels as people aged by measuring their shopping behavior for an online and offline retailers and their subsequent purchase intentions. Based on some empirical findings, this study concludes with policy implications and some necessary fields of future studies desirable.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

This study is an empirical research based on data analysis obtained by surveying 655 adult men and women. The notable findings are as follow: First, overall, individuals' perception of extramarital affair is negative, but about 16.4% respondents have a positive perception of it. Second, the respondents have a more critical perception of their spouse's extramarital affairs compared to their own. Thirdly, the less critical perception of extramarital affair, the more acceptance of my extramarital relationship, the less tolerance of my spouse's extramarital relationship regardless marital status. Forth, while the less tolerance of spouse's extramarital relationship, the less openness to extramarital sex among unmarried group, the more acceptance of my own extramarital relationship, the more openness to extramarital sex among married group. Lastly, individuals' perception of extramarital relationship does not directly affect the openness to extramarital sex only among unmarried group, however, the correlation between the perception of extramarital affairs and the openness to extramarital sex is fully mediated by the effect of unacceptance of spouse's extramarital affairs. The moderating effect of marital status is proved.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2018

In order to ensure the interoperability of products and technologies, companies apply standard technology in R&D but encounter various obstacles in this process, which they try to overcome through active standardization activities. Various studies have investigated the obstacles and coping strategies of companies in the R&D process. However, studies on the obstacles and coping strategies in the standardization process are insufficient, and the types of obstacles related to standardization, so a variety of studies are also needed on the types of activities. In this study, we tried to determine the types of obstacles related to standardization and to examine how these obstacles affect the standardization activities of companies. The analysis used the data from the 'National Standards Survey' which was conducted by the Korean Standards Association in Korea for companies engaged in the electrical, electronic, and information-related fields in Korea. The relationship between standard-related difficulties, needs and standardization activities was verified through structural equation modeling. The analysis results revealed that the standards-related disability issues have some influence on the standardization activities and the mediating effect by the necessity of the standard was investigated. We also found that many companies are making various efforts to overcome the barriers caused by standard activities. This suggests that a company can build a virtuous cycle structure by performing strategic actions to overcome obstacles by standardization activity and reducing the obstacles caused by standard-related research and development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.337-345
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of Korean family firms and the impact of debt financing. The analysis period was 10 years from 2004 to 2013, and the sample consisted of 4,008 non-financial firms listed on the Korea Exchange. For the analysis, the unbalanced panel data with time - series, cross - section data were formed and analyzed using panel data regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, Korean family firms use relatively less debt than non - family firms. It can be understood that family firms in which the dominant family owns and dominates the corporation are less likely to increase their debt because the agent problem is alleviated and the need for the control effect of Jensen (1986) is lowered. Second, in the verification of the packing order theory using the model proposed by Shyam-Sunder and Myers (1999), family firms have higher compliance with the packing order theory than non-family firms do. When financing is needed, debt is preferred over equity issuance. However, for Korean family firms, 24.38% of the deficit funds are financed through the issuance of net debt, which is relatively low compared to the 75% shown in the analysis of Shyam-Sunder and Myers (1999). These results reveal the limit to the strong claim that the Korean family firms follow the packing order theory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out the impacts of VTS on the marine safety and users' opinion on the VTS which have been being operated in the port of Pohang for the last 3 years and is to suggest a guideline to the successful operation of VTS in the future. This study is based upon the questionnaire survey and the respondents include 236 masters/mates of merchant vessels who have visited the port of Pohang and 6 pilots who have been working in the port. From the questionnaire results, this study notes the following conclusions related to the VTS operations. (1) A few of the respondents (mainly foreigners) do not understand the entering procedure of the port and the fundamental concept of VTS. Accordingly, the more active VTS services have to be provided for the mariners. (2) It was found that themost dangerous factors in tehvicinity of the port were the floating materials, fishing nets, andillegal fishing activities inthe fairway. Therefore, the proper surveillance, stricter enforcement of Acts and the instructive education for the fishermen are required to avoid the risks. (3) A majority of the respondents agreed the VTS has contributed to the safety of vessel traffic, and they pointed out ' the assiatances in reduced visibililty conditions' is the most important task of VTS. The amount of 75.6% of the respondents answered that they have experienced the assistance from VTS more than 1 time since the system was established in the port of Pohang . Also 44.2% of the respondents considered they were able to avoid marine casualties such as collision, ramming or agrounding with the VTS assistances. (4) 49.2% of the respondents preferred the passive information services , while, 38.8% of them preferred the positive control advices in the case of encountering any potential risks. VTS iperators have to consider seriously when they provide the positive control advices of ship's course and speed. (5) A majority of the respondents confirmed that the prot and its approaches is suitable for the VTS coverge . To extend the service areas of the VTS and to improve radar detecting ability, the use of radar transponders are seen as the ideal method. (6) A minority of the respondents pointed out 'the improper orders or recommendatinos caused by the poor decision making' firstly, ' the language problem(sea-speaking in English)' secondly, as the deficiency of personal qualification. It seems, therefore, theat the personal efforts of the operators and systematic training programmes for them are necessary to solve the problems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.488-504
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify whether environmental evidence and experiences respectively could affect brand attitude in Korean restaurant. Also, this study investigated a moderating effect of brand reputation in the causal relationship between environmental evidence and brand attitude and, between experiences and brand attitude. Questionnaires were given to a sample of customers who visited branches of H or B Korean restaurant brand which ranked within 20th in sales volume among Korean restaurant brands. A total of 353 questionnaires were analyzed with hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS/PC+. There were four major empirical research findings. Firstly, among components of environmental evidence, space, aesthetics, cleanliness and pleasance affected brand attitude. Secondly, all components of experiences, act, relate, think and feel affected brand attitude. Thirdly, brand reputation had a moderating role in the causal relationship between aesthetics dimension and brand attitude, but space, cleanliness, convenience and pleasance dimensions did not have a moderating role of brand reputation to the relationship of brand attitude. Fourth, brand reputation had a moderating role in the causal relationship between act and brand attitude, but relate, think and feel didn't have a moderating role of brand reputation to the relationship of brand attitude. Based on these findings, marketers of Korean restaurants were recommended to strengthen environmental evidence and experiences. Also, they are advised to strengthen brand reputation with use of marketing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.435-443
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to look for the cause of shortage of K-League spectators from a consumer's perspective and to offer solutions. For this, we offered enhancement method of the K-League spectators through dual path model based on existing relative researches. The first path involved consumer reaction to external factors of the K-League game. This path explained relational view(=we-ness) of consumers on K-League game(Hypothesis 1, 2). The second path explained personal view on K-League game. This path means consumer reaction to K-League game itself(Hypothesis 3, 4). The empirical study was based on a field survey and structural equation model. The results showed that we-ness positively affected team loyalty(Hypothesis 1) and the team loyalty positively affected spectating intentions(Hypothesis 2). It also revealed that flow of K-League game positively affected consumer satisfaction(Hypothesis 3). Finally consumer satisfaction was found to affect spectating intentions(Hypothesis 4). The significance of present study is to extend scope of research which is related with cheerleading of sports game. And this study emphasize the importance of we-ness and flow in sports game.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.163-170
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• 2014

This aims to study impact of corporate's innovation culture, the recognition of intellectual property's importance and corporate's internal activity for New Product Development on the new product development(NPD) performance by analyzing Kosdaq market listed companies. In contrast to the prior research, this study measures innovation climate which is included with innovative corporate organization climate and the recognition of intellectual property's importance as a impact factors on the new product development performance, along with NPD's strategy, NPD process and independent organization for NPD. The empirical results show that corporate's innovative organization climate and the recognition of intellectual property's importance can impact on the NPD's performance and NPD process can influence on recognition of the attainment of corporate's NPD goal. The study has an implication that it provides a basic data on supporting strategies of how to enhance the Korean companies' new product development performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship education on the relationship between career decision self-efficacy and career preparation behavior and entrepreneurial career intention. Empirical study was conducted using survey questionnaires for university students and analyzed employing structural equation modelling techniques. The result of this study showed that career decision self-efficacy was positively related to entrepreneurial career intention on entrepreneurship education group. and the impact career decision self-efficacy on the career preparation behavior showed a positive effect on both groups whether entrepreneurship education group. and Career Preparation Behavior influence on the degree of entrepreneurial experience were more positive impact on entrepreneurship education groups. The mediating effect of career preparation behavior was significant on the relationship between tie strength of career decision self-efficacy and entrepreneurial career intention. the theoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed and the directions for future research were suggested.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

Religion can affect on every day lives of individuals in society. Also, religion can affect on personal networks and the formation of a social culture that may lead to influence individual decision makers. Religion can influence values and ethics of people in society. However, according to the secularization hypothesis, as an economy becomes more efficient and the members of a society becomes more educated, the influence and control of religion over people tend to become diminished more. How is religion related with entrepreneurship? There are not so many empirical studies that examine relationship between religion and entrepreneurship. The purpose of this article is that we empirically examine how religious commitment, in addition to individual traits such as need for achievement, perceived creativity, problem solving ability and entrepreneurial parents or friends. Our study is based on survey sample of 229 college students in Korea. The results we found are as follows. First, religious commitment does not have effect on entrepreneurial intention. Also, religion commitment has no relationship with need for achievement, perceived creativity, problem solving ability, and entrepreneurial parents or friends. Second, consistent with previous studies, need for achievement and entrepreneurial parents or friends have meaningful effect on entrepreneurial intention. Third, perceived creativity is a full mediation variable between need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention.