• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.290-301
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the level of emotional labor, job stress and professional quality of life and to identify the factors affecting on professional quality of life among nurses in long-term care hospitals. Methods: 136 nurses working at eight different long-term care hospitals were recruited from May 1 to June 30, 2016. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Professional quality of life is consisted of three subcategories as compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress and burn-out. As for the factors affecting on compassion satisfaction, age, satisfaction on working ward and shift pattern of duties were significant factors. The three variables' explanation power on compassion satisfaction was 25.0%. As for factors affecting on secondary traumatic stress, emotional labor was a significant factor. The emotional labor's explanation power on secondary traumatic stress was 13.0%. Factors affecting on burn-out, emotional labor, age, and health condition were significant factors. The three variables' explanation power on burnout is 31.0%. Conclusion: On the basis of results, program development are required to relieve emotional labor and job stress for nurses at long-term care hospitals and to improve their professional quality of life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.361-367
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the high-emotional quality in the design perceived by the Chinese millennials. To do this, we summarized the theoretical concepts of high-emotional quality in design based on the understanding of the characteristics of the millennials. Second, we collected and analyzed the high-emotional quality images thought by 50 millennials living in Beijing, China. Research results showed that high-emotional quality in the design perceived by the Chinese millennials was the innovation of the technology with the change of times, the social superiority that distinguishes me from other groups, and the cultural excellence taking more pride in own culture. This study are expected to be used as the basic data to understand the emotions of the Chinese millennials and to establish a design strategy for them.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.356-370
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: School food service has played an important role in promoting the health and physical condition of students by providing students with a balanced and nutritious diet. Therefore, boosting the quality of school food service and improving the students' satisfaction is critical. For this purpose, this study examined the structural causal relationship among the quality of school food service factors, emotional responses, and satisfaction in China. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted with 4th-6th-grade students from 6 junior high schools in Henan province of China, with 590 questionnaire responses (87.3%) collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The school food service quality factors (including menu management, dietary education, facilities management, price and food distribution management, and personal hygiene during meals) must be enhanced to boost the students' satisfaction. In addition, the study used questionnaire survey data to validate the full mediation of students' emotional responses between school food service quality factors and student satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Students' emotions also play an important role in influencing the quality of school food service, all of which affect the emotional responses of students. Therefore, students' positive emotions are an important indicator for improving the quality of school food service. A national support policy is necessary for the ongoing maintenance and development of various programs that drive students' satisfaction and promote the adoption of education guidelines for school food service in China.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.358-367
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors associated with diabetes management self-efficacy in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea. Methods: A total of 173 pregnant women with GDM in Korea were recruited by posting announcements at two Korean online communities focusing on pregnancy and GDM. Participants completed a structured online survey from July to September 2018. Thirteen inappropriate responses were excluded and a total of 160 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multiple regression with the enter method was done to identify the associations of depressive mood, anxiety, emotional intelligence, and sleep quality with diabetes management self-efficacy. Results: Respondents reported a moderately depressive mood (mean, 10.36), low to moderate anxiety (mean, 41.65), above-average emotional intelligence (mean, 78.04), moderate sleep quality (mean, 42.01), and above-average diabetes management self-efficacy (mean, 52.29). The major factor associated with diabetes management self-efficacy of pregnant women with GDM was emotional intelligence (β=.51, p<.001). Other factors, in descending order of influence, were sleep quality (β=.22, p<.001) and exercise (β=.18, p=.004). Taken together, the aforementioned factors explained 34.6% (F=39.53, p<.001) of the total variance. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that to improve the diabetes management self-efficacy of pregnant women with GDM, it is necessary to develop an education program that can also enhance emotional intelligence, sleep quality, and exercise.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.670-679
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• 2011

This study investigated the hotel buffet restaurant's service quality, emotional reaction of customer, recommendation intention, and defection intention. The survey was conducted from January 3 to February 7 in 2011, and 400 respondents were used in the data analysis. As a results of this study, the hotel buffet restaurant's service quality was classified by the interaction, outcome, and physical environment quality. The emotional reaction of hotel buffet restaurant's customer was classified by the positive and negative emotion. The all factors of hotel buffet restaurant's service quality had a positive impact on positive emotion, while it had a negative impact on negative emotion. The positive emotion reaction of hotel buffet restaurant's customer had a positive impact on the recommendation intention, while the negative emotion had a negative impact on the recommendation intention. And the negative emotion had a positive impact on the defection intention in hotel buffet restaurants. In addition, there were partially differences in the service quality and emotional reaction by general characteristics. There were significant differences in the recommendation intention by marriage status and monthly income. Therefore, the hotel buffet restaurants have to design a strategy of service for increasing customer's positive emotion and recommendation intention.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.537-547
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotional labor, somatic symptoms, and emotional support on quality of life among middle-aged women workers. Methods: The study design was a descriptive survey research. Data were collected from October 2013 to January 2014 in Korea. A self-reported questionnaire was administerd in a convenience sample of 264 middle aged women in various working places. The survey included socio-demographic and job-related factors, and the questionnaires about emotional labor, somatic symptoms, emotional support, and quality of life. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Stepwise multiple regression showed that somatic symptoms had the greatest effect on quality of life (${\beta}=-1.65$, p<.001), followed by emotional support (${\beta}=0.67$, p<.001), and job satisfaction (${\beta}=3.98$, p<.001). And these variables accounted for 52% of quality of life among middle-aged women workers (F=97.14, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest for clinical nurses to take somatic symptoms, emotional support, and job satisfaction into special account in order to improve the middle aged women worker's quality of life. Ultimately, a health promotion program focusing on these influential variables in workplace need to be developed for the given population.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.541-552
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• 2019

Recently, social welfare officers are suffering from a lot of job stress due to increasing work and are carrying out emotional labor. This study assessed the effect of emotional labor on the quality of welfare service through a questionnaire survey on 937 civil servants in Sejong city and Chungcheongnam-do provinces. First, social welfare officers experienced more than average level of emotional labor, and they performed more internal behavior than surface behavior. Second, the services provided by the social welfare officers were higher than usual, followed by tangibility, assurance, reliability, empathy, and responsiveness. Third, deeping acting had a positive (+) influence on service quality among the sub-factors of emotional labor. In other words, the quality of service increases as the emotional state itself changes, On the other hand, deeping acting did not affect service quality. In the future, policy responses to excessive work burden of social welfare officers should be needed and a manual for responding to emotional labor should be provided.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.193-203
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• 2019

Tourism has been widely regarded as a mentally and physically healthy pursuit. Emotional experience can increase the restoration effect of tourism. Thus, recent studies in tourism have paid more attention to the benefits of emotional experiences. This study provides and tests a model that examines the relationship emotional experience as mediating variable between perceived service quality and two outcomes (behavioral intention, subjective well-being). The results of a study with rural healing tourists provide support for the proposed model. Specifically, the results indicate that emotional experience partially mediate the relationship between perceived service quality and satisfaction. The results of this study suggest that emotional experience should be considered as important in rural healing tourism services. The study provides empirical validation that customers do, indeed, identify with service providers, and this, in-turn, provides positive consequences for both the service provider (i.e., behavioral intention) and the customer (i.e., subjective well-being).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.109-126
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• 2022

Purpose: The role of salespersons' emotions in effective selling behavior garners attention among scholars and practitioners. Previous studies have investigated the effects of emotional intelligence and emotional labor on sales success separately. However, to understand the whole process, the relationships among salespersons' cognition, emotions, and behaviors should be considered simultaneously. Accordingly, we uniquely examined how salespersons' emotional intelligence (emotional antecedent) and customer orientation (cognitive antecedent) influence their emotional labor (deep acting vs. surface acting), adaptive selling behavior, and the selling results in the retail environment. Research design, data, and methodology: To improve methodological rigor, we used the dyadic approach. We measured 182 salespersons' emotional intelligence, customer orientation, and emotional labor, and 364 customers assessed the salespersons' adaptive selling behavior and selling results in the insurance and duty-free department retailing sectors. Result: The findings suggest that salespersons' customer orientation and emotional intelligence relate to deep-acting of emotional labor, affecting their adaptive selling behavior and relationship quality with customers. Conclusions: As for managerial implications, sales managers may well consider emotional intelligence levels when selecting salespersons in the retail industry. Additionally, practical training programs are required to cultivate customer orientation, emotional intelligence, and deep acting while performing emotional labor.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.159-166
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• 2014

In this paper, we examine the role of emotional acoustic cues including both prosody and voice quality parameters for the modification of a word sense. For the extraction of prosody parameters and voice quality parameters, we used 60 pieces of speech data spoken by six speakers with five different emotional states. We analyzed eight different emotional acoustic cues, and used a discriminant analysis technique in order to find the dominant sequence of acoustic cues. As a result, we found that anger has a close relation with intensity level and 2nd formant bandwidth range; joy has a relative relation with the position of 2nd and 3rd formant values and intensity level; sadness has a strong relation only with prosody cues such as intensity level and pitch level; and fear has a relation with pitch level and 2nd formant value with its bandwidth range. These findings can be used as the guideline for find-tuning an emotional spoken language generation system, because these distinct sequences of acoustic cues reveal the subtle characteristics of each emotional state.