• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.589-598
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the emotional responses of people with visual disability with those of normal people and to understand their similarity or differences in order to apply the new understandings into the future research on Web Accessibility Guidelines. For this purpose, a Web survey system was developed using 15 auditorial stimuli prepared based on the Media Taxonomy and 11 emotion measuring criteria selected from the literature review. After developing the system, emotional responses of 31 people with visual disability and 53 normal people were collected through the Web. The results of the survey showed that the emotional responses of people with visual disability were similar to those of normal people, although there were some exceptional cases. Therefore, it is clear that emotional needs of people with disability should be taken count of in the Web accessibility discussions and further in-depth studies on the emotional characteristics of people with disability are necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.237-248
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of late school-aged children's perception of their mother's responses to negative emotions and their ego resilience on their life satisfaction. Data were collected from 390 fifth- and sixth-graders residing in Kwangju, Korea. With the data, frequency, percentages, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were calculated. Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression analyses were also considered. The effects of various variables on life satisfaction were analyzed, and according to the results, vitality had the greatest effect on life satisfaction, followed by vitality, optimism, emotional coaching responses, interpersonal relationships, emotion-reducing responses, emotion control, and the material employment status, in that order. The study contributes to the literature by providing additional insights into the mother's desirable responses to children's negative emotions and highlighting the importance of positive ego resilience in children's life satisfaction through the elucidation of effects of late school-aged children's perception of their mother's responses to negative emotions and their ego resilience on their life satisfaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 아동 성격검사지(Personality Inventory for Children: PIC)의 하위척도 중의 하나인 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동과 낮은 아동의 안정상태 시의 생리반응 특성을 밝히고, 다양한 정서 유발조건에서의 생리반응 변화의 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 87명의 아동이 실험에 참여하였으며, 아동의 연령범위는 7∼9세였다. 안정상태와 각 정서(기쁨, 분노, 슬픔, 스트레스)를 유발하는 동안에 심전도(Electrocardiogram: ECG)와 피부전기활동(Electrodermal activity: EDA)을 측정하였다. 각 정서 유발자극이 제시된 후, 아동들은 자신이 느낀 정서를 보고하였다. 한국판 아동용 성격검사지에 포함되어 있는 비행척도 문항을 이용해 아동의 비행점수를 계산하였으며, 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동과 낮은 아동을 각각 임의로 12명씩 선정하였다 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동은 비행척도 점수가 낮은 아동에 비해 안정상태에서 피부전도수준(Skin conductance level: SCL)과 심장박동률(Heart rate: HR)이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 정서를 유발하는 조건에서도 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동은 비행척도 점수가 낮은 아동에 비해 피부전도수준 변화와 심박률 변화가 적었다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2001

Human arousal represents one of human emotion dimension. Its effort on human performance has been generally accepted at a invert-cup trend. h optimal range of human arousal enhances human performance However, definition of arousal is not Vet clear. Human arousal has different types depending on the causes. This paper observes different reponses based on different arousals such as cognitive arousal and physical arousal. Twenty undergraduate students participated and experienced cognitive and physical arousals. Their physiological response were analyzed and differentiated between cognitive and physical arousal. Finally, significant difference between them are not shown in autonomic responses but in central nervous responses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.44-56
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• 1998

Effects of the music and white noise on recovery of the autonomic and cortical responses evoked by aversive visual stimulation were analyzed in 20 subjects. It was suggested that the music is able to exert modulatory influence on the physiological activity resulted from exposure to unpleasant IAPS based stimuli. Spectral power of DDG, heart rate(HR)respiration rate (RSR) and electrodermal activity(EDA)were recorded and analyzed for each experimental condition. It was observed HR and RSR deceleration, increased EDA and electrocortical activation expressed in decreased alpha power and increase of delta activity ao occipital and frontal areas. Obtained results suggest that audutory stimulation both with pleasant and sad music lead to restoration of pre-stimulation activation levels of most physiological parameters during listenning to music and in post-stimulation period. White noise evoked short-term physiological responses typical for orienting reaction and quite distinct from changes produced by music. Available data to differentiate effeces among pleasant and sad music, due toqualitative similarities of physilolgical patterns, but suppert an assumption that music is capable to facilitate the process of recovery of physilolgical responses elicited by visual stimulation of negative valence, thus positively modulate post-stress state.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.35-38
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• 1999

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.705-713
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• 2011

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare results of emotion recognition by several algorithms which classify three different emotional states(happiness, neutral, and surprise) using physiological features. Background: Recent emotion recognition studies have tried to detect human emotion by using physiological signals. It is important for emotion recognition to apply on human-computer interaction system for emotion detection. Method: 217 students participated in this experiment. While three kinds of emotional stimuli were presented to participants, ANS responses(EDA, SKT, ECG, RESP, and PPG) as physiological signals were measured in twice first one for 60 seconds as the baseline and 60 to 90 seconds during emotional states. The obtained signals from the session of the baseline and of the emotional states were equally analyzed for 30 seconds. Participants rated their own feelings to emotional stimuli on emotional assessment scale after presentation of emotional stimuli. The emotion classification was analyzed by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA, SPSS 15.0), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Multilayer perceptron(MLP) using difference value which subtracts baseline from emotional state. Results: The emotional stimuli had 96% validity and 5.8 point efficiency on average. There were significant differences of ANS responses among three emotions by statistical analysis. The result of LDA showed that an accuracy of classification in three different emotions was 83.4%. And an accuracy of three emotions classification by SVM was 75.5% and 55.6% by MLP. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the three emotions can be better classified by LDA using various physiological features than SVM and MLP. Further study may need to get this result to get more stability and reliability, as comparing with the accuracy of emotions classification by using other algorithms. Application: This could help get better chances to recognize various human emotions by using physiological signals as well as be applied on human-computer interaction system for recognizing human emotions.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Autonomic and EEG responses were analyzed in 32 college students exposed to visual stimulation with Korean Affective Picture System (KAPS) and 36 students exposed to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Cardiac, electrodermal, and electrocortical measures were recorded during 30 sec of viewing affective pictures. The slides intended to elicit basic emotions (fear, anger, surprise, disgust, and sadness) were presented to subjects via Kodak slide-projector. The aim of the study was to differentiate autonomic and EEG responses associated with the same negative valence emotions elicited by KAPS and IAPS stimulation and to identify the influence of cultural relevance on physiological reactivity. The analysis of obtained results revealed significant differences in physiological responsiveness to emotionally negative valence slides from KAPS and IAPS. The typical response profile for all emotions elicited by the KAPS included HR acceleration (except surprise), and increase of electrodermal activity, slow and fast alpha blocking and fast beta power increase in EEG, which was not associated with significant asymmetry (except fast alpha in sadness). Stimulation with the IAPS evoked HR deceleration, specific electrodermal responses with relatively high tonic electrodermal activation, alpha-blocking and fast beta increase, and was accompanied also by theta power increase and marked frontal asymmetry (e.g., fast beta, theta asymmetries in sadness, fast alpha in fear). Physiological responses to fear and anger-eliciting slides from the IAPS were significantly less profound and were accompanied by autonomic and EEG changes more typical for attention rather than negative affect. Higher cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity to fear emotion observed in the KAPS, e.g., as compared to data with the IAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of the KAPS in producing certain emotions such as fear in Koreans.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 1998

The sense of touch has both objective and subjective characteristics. During hand evaluation of the fabrics. psycho physiological processes such as emotion and stimulation. On other site, the mode of touch (passive vs. active) is also capable to modulate somatosensory responses. I.e., suppress somatocensory perception during active electrocortical responses to passive and active touch of the textiles with different subjective emotional preference. The study was carried out on 36 female college students. Physiological signals were acquired by Grass and BIOPAC 100 systems with AcqKnowledge variables, namely heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), pulse transit time (PTT), respiration rate (RSP) and skin conductance parameters (SCL, amplitude, risetime and number of SCRs) were analyzed for baseline and stimulation conditions. Analysis was manifested in a form of moderate HR acceleration. RSP increase, RSA decrease (lowered vagal tone), decreased PTT and increased electrodermal activity (increased SCL, several SCRs) that reflects general sympathetic activation. Parietal EEG effects (on contra-lateral side to stimulated hand)were featured by short-term alpha-blocking, slightly reduced theta, significantly increased delta and enhanced fast beta activity with few variations across stimuli. The main finding of the study was that most and least preferred textures exhibited significant differences in autonomic (HR, RSP, PTT, SCR, and at less extent in RSA and SCL) and electrocortical responses (delta, slow and fast alpha, fast beta relative power). These differences were recorded both in passive and active stimulation modes, thus demonstrating reproducibility of distinction between most and least emotionally preferred tactile stimuli, suggesting influence of psychological factors, such as emotional property of stimulus, on physiological outcome.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2019

Anger is the most common emotional trigger causing relapses in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The present study intended to investigate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses induced by anger in individuals with AUDs. The participants in this study included twelve individuals with AUDs and 14 non-frequent drinkers. Anger was induced in the participants via a 120-second film clip. Before the presentation of this audio-visual stimulus, the ANS responses of the participants were measured for 60 seconds to ascertain their resting state. Subsequently, the participants' ANS responses were measured again for 120 seconds when they were in an emotional state during the presentation of the clip. After the ANS measurements were taken, participants were asked to rate the type of emotion they had experienced as they viewed the film and to report its intensity. The results indicated that the levels of anger experienced by the AUD group were not significantly different from the emotion registered by the control group. However, the ANS responses induced in AUD participants when they were in an emotional state showed blunted skin conductance levels (SCL) and skin conductance responses (SCR) compared to the control group participants. Individuals with AUDs evinced lower emotional arousal than the participants of the control group. These results can help clinicians understand the psychological and physiological responses of individuals with AUDs to anger in order to design effective interventions that would reduce chances of anger and relapse.