• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

The spread of smartphones enabled the two-way communication through the Internet, and character emoticons added fun and comfort to communication among users. To figure out laughter-arousing factors, a survey about emoticon designs of Kakaotalk Itemstore was conducted, targeting university students in their twenties. An interaction of 'user-preferred emoticons' and 'laughter-arousing emoticons' was analyzed. 90% of 'user-preferred emoticons' were 'humorous emoticons', and 84% of respondents answered that there is a relationship between 'user-preferred emoticons' and 'laughter-arousing emoticons'. Consequently, a high interaction between the 'rank of emoticons' and 'laughter-arousing emoticons' was derived. Also, factors of laughter-arousing emoticons were analyzed by studying the ranks of emoticon from 1st to 8th of Kakaotalk Itemstore. Two-divisional figures reminding pure kids, maximization of emotional expression by omission or exaggeration of mouth, and smoothness by concave curves aroused laughter. Intuitively understandable gestures were employed in terms of action. Furthermore, two-divisional figures' acting with comparably small body, hands and foot to their head, and people-mimicking motions of animals with cuteness and familiarity enabled arousal of laughter. In facial expressions, humorous articulation of sad, busy or mad expression enabled positive communion among users.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2011

Emoticons perform an important role as an enhancement to written communication, in areas such as Windows Live Messenger instant messaging, e-mails, mobile Short Message Services (SMS), and others. Emoticons are graphic images used in communications to indicate the feelings of people exchanging messages via mobile technology. In this research, the perceived usefulness of the emoticon in mobile phone text messages is verified with consumers using the five construct model of Huang. A K-means clustering technique for separating three groups based on levels of perceived usefulness of mobile emoticons is used with a structural equation model test using Smart PLS 2.0, and the bootstrap re-sampling procedure. We analyzed relationships among use of emoticons, enjoyment, interaction, information richness, and perceived usefulness. The results show there are relationships among use of emoticons, enjoyment, interaction, perceived usefulness, and information richness, however enjoyment of emoticons did not significantly affect the perceived usefulness of messages with emoticons alone. The results suggest emoticons have different affects on emotion in both mobile, and Messenger contexts. Our study did not consider more detailed media properties, and thus more studies are needed. Our research results contribute to mobile communication activation, provides companies with an understanding of key characteristics of consumers who use emoticons, and provides useful implications for improving management and marketing strategies.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

In this study, we learned about the emergence of on-line communications originating from peoseuteol Computer Communications, the limitations of online communication, and the definition, traits and development of emoticons that serve as complementary roles, such as emotion and status. After analyzing various literacture and references, it was found that the emoticons functioned as a function of communicating the visual language of the digital era and communicating more sensitively to emotional factors. In a multimedia environment, emoticons are developed at a more advanced stage as the users' own icons due to a stronger tendency to pursue particularity and uniqueness. It is expected that eomotions added with multimedia functions will be more popular and vary in type. However, although the diversification of emotions as a commercial tool is already actively progressing, there appears a reverse effect in which an excessive use of emoticons is considered insincere in online communications. In such a background, research should be conducted that can support a systematic and effective development of emoticons through visual research rather than producing multimedia emoticons indiscreetly.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.200-204
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• 2006

이모티콘은 현재 CMC 커뮤니케이션 상에서 감정표현을 나타내는 의사소통의 보조수단으로 사용되고 있다. 이모티콘은 텍스트 이모티콘에서 이미지 이모티콘, 애니메이션 이모티콘에 이르기까지 다양한 형태로 발전되어 왔다. 그러나 감정표현의 세분화된 분류가 미흡하여 기본감정만을 나타낼 수 있을 뿐 그 밖에 감정표현의 다양성을 가지고 있지 못하다. 따라서 다양한 감정표현이 가능한 이모티콘들을 편리하고, 간단하게 사용할 수 있도록 하는 모듈화 된 애니메이션 이모티콘 개발을 위해서는 감정들을 세분화하여 분류해줄 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 메신저상의 애니메이션 이모티콘을 중심으로 얼굴표정, 손동작, 상황설정에 따른 감정표현들을 분류하여 분석해보고, 애니메이션 이모티콘의 제작방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• 의료커뮤니케이션
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2017

Purpose: Adolescents use emoticons to express their emotions in an online environment. Hence, medical experts can understand the emotions of adolescents by emoticons. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between various emotions and emoticons among the Korean adolescents. Methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted between September 1 and 30, 2014, involving 3,272 students in elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools affiliated in the Department of Education of the metropolitan city of Busan. A total of 1,717 students responded to the survey. The participants consisted of 806 males (46.9%), and 911 females (53.1%). Among these, there were 557 elementary school students (32.4%), 617 middle school students (35.9%), and 543 high school students (31.6%). A social networking analysis was conducted using NodeXL. Results: The frequency of emoticon use among adolescents runs in the order of joy, sadness, fear, surprise, anger, disgust, and then depression. Elementary school females mainly use emoticons to express joy; middle school females use emoticons to express sadness, surprise, anger, disgust, and depression; and high school females use emoticons to express fear. Age- and gender-specific emoticon networks were visualized by using the Haren-Korel fast multiscale algorithm. Commonly used emoticons by age and gender were expressed in the networks. Results of age- and gender-specific emoticon networks visualization show similar results of centrality of seven emoticons. Conclusion: In the digital communication environment, emoticons could be used to catch the emotions of adolescents in Korea.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2020

For the success of mobile messenger emoticons, it is important to grab the attentions of users or consumers and identify the influence factors that can satisfy empathy and emotional satisfaction. In this study, first, subjective evaluation of the mobile messenger emoticons of the subjects was examined through a preliminary survey, and then Eye-tracking experiments were conducted to identify the influence factors that can attention of the subject's eyes in the emoticons. The study revealed that emoticons such as Ompangi and Onaeui yeosin highlighting their characters mainly focus on characters(face). Secondly, Gyuiyomjueui and Handprinting emoticons focused on Text. Contrary to earlier studies, such results showed that people are presumed to focus on characteristic elements such as size, form, color and location of visually exposed elements rather than primarily having a keen interest in characters.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1580-1587
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• 2021

Currently, the development and sale of various emoticons has given users a wider range of choices, but a systematic and specific approach to the recognition and use of emoticons by actual users is lacking. Therefore, this study tried to investigate the subjective perception and visual attention concentration of actual users on negative emotional expression emoticons through a survey and eye tracking experiment. First, as a result of subjective recognition analysis, it was found that emoticons are frequently used because their appearance is important, and they can express various emotions in a fun and interesting way. In particular, it was found that emoticons that express negative emotions are often used because they can indirectly express negative emotions through various and concretely expressed visual elements. Next, as a result of the eye tracking experiment, it was found that the negative emotional expression emoticons focused on the large elements that visually emphasized or emphasized the emotional expression elements, and it was found that the focus was not only on the facial expression but also on the physical behavioral responses and language of expression of emotions. These results will be used as basic data to understand users' perceptions and utilization of the diversified emoticons. In addition, for the long-term growth and activation of the emoticon industry market in the future, continuous research should be conducted to understand the various emotions of real users and to develop differentiated emoticons that can maximize the empathy effect appropriate to the situation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2017

스마트폰은 이미 많은 사람들에게 생활의 일부분이 되었다. 그 중 스마트폰의 모바일 메신저 기능은 가장 많이 사용되어지는 서비스 중 하나로 자리 잡았다. 디지털 시대의 커뮤니케이션은 문자 메시지와 비언어적 감정표현의 수단인 이모티콘(Emoticon)으로 크게 구분할 수 있다. 본 논문은 비언어적 수단인 이모티콘을 통한 커뮤니케이션에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 스콧 팔먼의 텍스트 이모티콘을 시작으로 그래픽 이모티콘으로 발전되었고, 효과음, 애니메이션 기능이 추가되면서 현재 많은 사람들이 이모티콘을 사용하고 있다. 다양한 회사들이 이모티콘 개발에 힘쓰고 있는데, 그 중 대표적인 (주)라인의 사례를 바탕으로 이모티콘의 개념, 유형, 발전과정, 콜라보레이션을 비롯한 캐릭터 상품화 등을 분석해보았다. 라인 사례를 바탕으로 향후 국내 이모티콘 캐릭터의 문화컨텐츠로서의 발전방향과 지향점에 대해 고찰해본다.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

In this paper, the pattern of extracting the same expression is proposed by using the Android intelligent device to identify the facial expression. The understanding and expression of expression are very important to human computer interaction, and the technology to identify human expressions is very popular. Instead of searching for the emoticons that users often use, you can identify facial expressions with acamera, which is a useful technique that can be used now. This thesis puts forward the technology of the third data is available on the website of the set, use the content to improve the infrastructure of the facial expression recognition accuracy, in order to improve the synthesis of neural network algorithm, making the facial expression recognition model, the user's facial expressions and similar e xpressions, reached 66%.It doesn't need to search for emoticons. If you use the camera to recognize the expression, itwill appear emoticons immediately. So this service is the emoticons used when people send messages to others, and it can feel a lot of convenience. In countless emoticons, there is no need to find emoticons, which is an increasing trend in deep learning. So we need to use more suitable algorithm for expression recognition, and then improve accuracy.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2019

Online financial counseling services are increasingly expanding with the rise of artificial intelligence-based chatbots. It is very important to examine the effects of emoticons noted as alternatives for communicating emotions in online communication between consumers and companies. In this paper, we examine how the use of emoticons affects the consumer's response and investigate the moderating roles of type of counseling agents (human vs. chatbot) and the consumer's subjective financial knowledge. The results show that the use of emoticon in the conversation brings a positive effect on the consumer's intention to use of online chat counseling service. When participants had relatively low subjective financial knowledge, they had higher intention to use online chat counseling services with emoticons only when the agent type was chatbot. When the type of counseling agent was human, this positive effect of the emoticon did not occur. On the other hand, when participants had relatively high subjective financial knowledge, they had higher intention to use online chat counseling service with emoticons only when the agent type was human. This study contributes to providing practical implications to build online chat counseling service using chatbot in the financial industry by studying users' intention depending on the type of agents and the level of their subjective knowledge.