• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

상수관망의 수리해석 방법은 demand-driven analysis와 pressure-driven analysis로 구분할 수 있으며, 급작스런 용수수요증가, 관거파괴 등과 같이 비정상운영상태인 용수공급시스템의 수리모의에 demand-driven analysis를 사용할 경우 비현실적인 결과를 줄 수 있다. 특히 현재 국내에서는 비상상황에 대한 비상급수계획 수립 시에 demand-driven analysis를 사용하고 있으나, pressure-driven analysis의 적용을 통한 비상급수계획의 적정성 평가가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 pressure-driven analysis를 위해 최근 개발된 WaterGEMS모형을 이용하여 2007년 수도정비 사업을 계획한 J시의 비상급수계획의 적정성을 평가하였다. 적용 결과 소블럭의 용수공급 안정성 향상을 위한 방안 제시가 가능하였으며, 수립된 비상급수계획이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2023

As the frequency of drought increases due to climate change, water scarcity in agriculture would be a main issue. However, it seems difficult to solve the water scarcity by securing alternative water sources. The aim of this study is to analyze optimal water supply capacity of agricultural reservoir for emergency operation connecting reservoirs and dams. First, we simulated the water storage of agricultural reservoir playing the role emergency water supplier to other water facility such as dams and other reservoirs. In particular, the results of simulation of water storage through K-HAS model was calibrated using the optimization process based on ratio correction factors of outflow and inflow. Finally, the optimal amount of water supply securing water supply reliability in emergency interconnection operation was analyzed. The results of this study showed that Janchi reservoir could supply 12.8 thousand m³/day maintaining 90 % water supply reliability. The result of this study could suggest the standard for connecting water facilities as emergency water supply.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.361-372
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• 2012

In order to establish the methodology for estimating an emergency drinking water supply in Korea, overseas cases and accidents history of cutting off water supply were investigated, and questionnaire was conducted. Investigating accidents history of cutting off water supply in Korea, actual cutting off times of most cases were less than 13hours. Also, cases related with water quality and facility failure have been not enough to derive useful information for estimating an emergency water. From the results of questionnaire and cross-tabulation analysis, about 1,066 lpcd(liter per capita${\cdot}$day) as an emergency water and 14 days as tolerable outages time could be estimated. The results of water quality simulation could tell us that it might take 5-16 days for pollutant matter to travel from 15 contamination points to source water intake point in the selected reservoir(D-dam). This travel time was in good accordance with the estimated tolerable outage time, 14days.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.39-44
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• 2005

In HANARO, a multi-purpose research reactor of 30 MWth, the emergency water supply system consists essentially of an emergency water storage tank located in the level of about thirteen meter (13 m) above the reactor core, a three inch ('3\%') diameter water injection pipe line including injection valves from the tank to the reactor cooling inlet pipe and a test loop to do periodic system performance test. When the water level of the reactor pool comes down to the extremely low due to a loss of reactor pool water accident the emergency water stored in the tank should be fed to the core by the gravity force and at that time the design flow rate is eleven point four kilogram per second (11.4 kg/s). But it is impossible periodically to measure the injection flow rate under the emergency condition because the normal water level should be maintained during the reactor operation. This paper describes a flow network analysis to simulate the flow rate under the emergency condition. As results, it was confirmed through the analysis results that the calculated flow rate agrees with the design requirement under the emergency condition.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2007

An efficient operational strategy using expert system for metro water supply systems in case of emergency situations is developed in this study. The emergency situations of the water supply systems are classified into three categories : pipeline system accident, machinery and electric facility accident and water quality accident. A PC-based expert system is developed using CLIPS for Seoul metro water supply system, Phase 1 & 2 system and Phase 3 & 4 system. Broad professional knowledges and experiences from the experts in the water supply systems have been collected systematically to construct the knowledge base. Decision-making in case of an emergency is based upon the professional knowledge so that a rational and efficient operational management can be available even in the absence of experienced expert. Especially the expert model developed in this study also provides a guide for pumping operation in case of pipeline accident to confirm that the proper pressure to all nodes in the system is supplied. The pipe network simulator KYPIPE has been consecutively executed by trial and error fashion for each pipeline in the system. The results from KYPIPE were included in the knowledge base to supplement the knowledge of the field engineers.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.977-987
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• 2018

상수관망시스템의 운영목적은 탄력성을 높여 각종 비정상상황에 유연하게 대처할 수 있는 방향으로 점차 변화하고 있으며 이에 따라 비정상상황에 따른 단수구역 발생에 대한 사후대책 대비를 통한 탄력성 향상이 필수적이다. 이를 위한 가장 효율적인 방법은 수계전환에 따른 비상공급 수원확보이며, 비상관로를 통하여 인접 배수블록으로부터 단수된 구역에 용수를 공급할 수 있다. 성공적인 비상연계 운영을 위해서는, 수리학적 해석을 통하여 시공간적인 측면에서의 공급성능을 평가해야 한다. 비상연계 시, 공간적인 범위를 결정하는 주요 요소는 관경, 위치 및 관저고와 같은 비상관로에 해당하는 제원이며, 시간적인 범위를 결정하는 주요 요소는 연계배수지의 용량과 정수장에 공급 가능한 추가수량이다. 본 연구에서는 A시의 상수관망에 대하여 배수지 1지에 문제가 발생하여 타 배수지들로부터 비상연계를 받는 시나리오에 대하여 모의를 진행하였다. 배수지의 저류량 및 유입량에 대한 모의를 위하여 Advanced-Pressure Driven Analysis 모형을 사용하였으며, 수리해석 결과를 바탕으로 공급범위기준지표 및 공급시간기준지표를 산정하여 연계공급성능에 대한 다각도적인 평가를 진행하였다. 이에 비상연계에 대하여 소비자들이 실제 체감하는 공급성능을 시공간적인 측면에서 파악할 수 있었으며, 설계제원의 타당성에 대한 검토가 가능하였다. 이는 비상연계 성능향상을 위한 구조적 대책 및 비구조적 대책 수립에 대한 의사결정에 용이하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Major issues in water supply service have changed from expansion of service area to improvement of service quality, i.e., water quality and safety, and early response to emergency situation. This change in the service concept triggers the perceptions of limitation with the current centralized water supply system and of necessities of decentralized (distributed) water supply system (DWSS), which can make up the limitations. DWSS can reduce the possibility of water supply outage by establishing multiple barriers such as emergency water supply system, and secure better water quality by locating treatment facilities neighboring consumers. On the other hand, fluctuation of water demand will be increased due to the reduced supply area, which makes difficult to promptly respond the fluctuating demand. In order to supplement this, hybrid water supply system was proposed, which combined DWSS with conventional water supply system using distributing reservoir to secure the stability of water supply. The Optimal connection point of DWSS to existing water supply network in urban area was determined by simulating a supply network using EPANET. Optimal location of decentralized water treatment plant (or connection point) is a nodal point where changes in pressure at other nodal points can be minimized. At the same time, the optimal point should be selected to minimize hydraulic retention time in supply network (water age) to secure proper water quality. In order to locate the point where these two criteria are satisfied optimally, Distance measure method, one of multi-criteria decision making was employed to integrate the two results having different dimensions. This methodology can be used as an efficient decision-support criterion for the location of treatment plant in decentralized water supply system.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.1143-1156
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• 2012

수자원 시스템의 중요한 기능 중 하나는 갈수 피해를 방지하는 것이다. 그러나 댐에 의한 용수공급계획은 이용 가능한 자료의 한계, 조사 자료의 부정확, 해석 방법의 부적합 그리고 기후변화 등의 요인에 의해 불확실성이 존재한다. 실제 운영과정에서는 이수안전도를 초과하는 이상가뭄 발생 시 용수부족이 발생하여 제한급수 등 정상적인 물이용이 불가능해진다. 그러나 우리나라는 가뭄에 의해 물부족이 발생할 경우 대체수원개발 등 딱히 마땅한 대처수단이 없으며, 갈수대책을 위한 수원확보도 미미한 실정이다. 특히 이상가뭄에 의한 피해정도를 고려하여 용수공급효과를 평가할 수 있는 기준이 마련되어 있지 못해 현실적인 대책을 마련하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 기 제시되어 있는 용수부족지표를 이용하여 기존 다목적댐의 저수(低水) 용량을 비상용수 공급원으로 활용하는 방안에 대하여 검토하였다. 기존 다목적댐의 유량자료를 이용하여 용수부족 사상을 분석하고 용수부족 감소효과를 평가하였다. 적용 결과 임하, 대청, 합천 및 남강댐의 경우 이상가뭄에 매우 취약한 것으로 나타났으며 가뭄대비용 비상용수의 추가 확보가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2013

The risk of pipe-bursting in multi-regional transmission mains consisting of 89 % of singled pipeline is so high that pipeline stabilization project is required such as renewal and replacement, pipe paralleling, emergency ties. Pipeline stabilization projects could be postponed at the step of initial decision-making because effect of this project is intangible benefit like activation of economic, improvement of welfare related to water. This study is to suggest quantified economical feasibility model for intangible benefit presumption to solve above problem. Cost reduction of emergency water supply, leakage, burst restore and energy efficiency improvement was altered and applied. As a result of economic analysis taking into account estimated benefit and cost under discount rate 5.5 %, service life 40 years, sufficient economic feasibility analyzed with B/C 2.45, NPV 317,700 million won, IRR 9.09 %.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2013

Although stable and safe drinking water supply to the customers is a basic function of multi-regional water supply systems in Korea, most systems have their vulnerabilities in emergency time due to the branch-type. Application of connections from the other water supply system can provide a solutions for these tentative problems. This paper describes reduction planning of water supply accidents that can minimize a service interruption to customers in multi-regional water supply system by connecting pipe lines between local water supply systems in Mokpo city areas. The result of this study shows that Juam dam multi-regional water supply systems can cover all of the water shortage in southern parts of Jeonnam multi-regional water supply systems by transmitting water through connected pipes between local networks. This can be effective to supply water interactively in various contingencies, when a pipe line accident occurs in southern area of Jeonnam multi-regional water supply systems. On the contrary, southern area of Jeonnam multi-regional water supply systems can cover 99.5 %($62,500m^3/day$) of the water shortage of Juam dam multi-regional water supply systems when service interruptions caused by various pipe accidents occur in the system.