• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2022

The excessive settlement and deformation of disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone (DCM) embankments under dynamic loading have long been problems for engineers and technicians. In this work, the characteristics and mechanism of the plastic deformation of DCM under different degrees of compaction, water contents and confining pressures were studied by static triaxial, dynamic triaxial and scanning electron microscopy testing. The research results show that the axial stress increases with increasing confining pressure and degree of compaction and decreases with increasing water content when DCM failure. The axial strain at failure of the DCM decreases with increasing confining pressure and degree of compaction and increases with increasing water content. Under cyclic dynamic stress, the change in the axial stress level of the DCM can be divided into four stages: the stable stage, transition stage, safety reserve stage and unstable stage, respectively. The effects of compaction, water content and confining pressure on the critical axial stress level which means shakedown of the DCM are similar. However, an increase in confining pressure reduces the effects of compaction and water content on the critical axial stress level. The main deformation of DCM is fatigue cracking. Based on the allowable critical axial stress, a method for embankment deformation control was proposed. This method can determine the degree of compaction and fill range of the embankment fill material according to the equilibrium moisture content of the DCM embankment.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.615-627
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• 2024

Direct simple shear test is an effective method to measure strength and deformation properties of soil. However, existing direct simple shear apparatus have some shortcomings. The paper has developed a novel dual stress/strain-controlled direct simple shear apparatus. The novel apparatus has the following advantages: A rectangular specimen is used that effectively avoid common issues associated with conventional cylindrical specimens, such as specimen tilting. The utilization of deformation control rods ensures a uniform shear deformation of the specimen. Vertically integrated force transmission structure is improved that avoids issues arising from changes in pivot points due to lever tilting. Incorporating this novel direct simple shear apparatus, shear strength and shear creep tests of clay were performed. Shear strength parameters and shear creep behaviors are analyzed. The results of these experiments show that the novel apparatus can measure accurately the shear rheological properties of soil. This study provides strong guidance for studying the mechanical properties of soil in engineering practice.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2023

As the intensity of urban underground space development increases, more and more tunnels are planned and constructed, and sometimes it is inevitable to encounter situations where tunnels have to underpass the river embankments. Most previous studies involved tunnels passing river embankments perpendicularly or with large intersection angle. In this study, a project case where two EPB shield tunnels with 8.82 m diameter run parallelly underneath a river embankment was reported. The parallel length is 380 m and tunnel were mainly buried in the moderate / slightly weathered clastic rock layer. The field monitoring result was presented and discussed. Three-dimensional back-analysis were then carried out to gain a better understanding the interaction mechanisms between shield tunnel and embankment and further to predict the ultimate settlement of embankment due to twin-tunnel excavation. Parametrical studies considering effect of tunnel face pressure, tail grouting pressure and volume loss were also conducted. The measured embankment settlement after the single tunnel excavation was 4.53 mm ~ 7.43 mm. Neither new crack on the pavement or cavity under the roadbed was observed. It is found that the more degree of weathering of the rock around the tunnel, the greater the embankment settlement and wider the settlement trough. Besides, the latter tunnel excavation might cause larger deformation than the former tunnel excavation if the mobilized plastic zone overlapped. With given geometry and stratigraphic condition in this study, the safety or serviceability of the river embankment would hardly be affected since the ultimate settlement of the embankment after the twin-tunnel excavation is within the allowable limit. Reasonable tunnel face pressure and tail grouting pressure can to some extent suppress the settlement of the embankment. The recommended tunnel face pressure and tail grouting pressure are 300 kPa and 550 kPa in this study, respectively. However, the volume loss plays the crucial role in the tunnel-embankment interaction. Controlling and compensating the tunneling induced volume loss is the most effective measure for river embankment protection. Additionally, reinforcing the embankment with cement mixing pile in advance is an alternative option in case the predicted settlement exceeds allowable limit.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1027-1044
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• 2017

Membrane penetration is the most important factor influencing the measurement of volume change for triaxial consolidated-drained shear test for coarse-grained soil. The effective pressure p, average particle size $d_{50}$, thickness $t_m$ and elastic modulus $E_m$ of membrane, contact area between membrane and soil $A_m$ as well as the initial void ratio e are the major factors influencing membrane penetration. According to the membrane deformation model given by Kramer and Sivaneswaran, an analytical solution of the membrane penetration considering the initial void ratio is deduced using the energy conservation law. The basic equations from theory of plates and shells and the elastic mechanics are employed during the derivation. To verify the presented solution, isotropic consolidation tests of a coarse-grained soil are performed by using the method of embedding different diameter of iron rods in the triaxial samples, and volume changes due to membrane penetration are obtained. The predictions from presented solution and previous analytical solutions are compared with the test results. It is found that the prediction from presented analytical solution agrees well with the test results.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.260-270
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• 1998

본 연구는 합리적인 침하계측관리의 수립을 위하여 현재 시공중인 사업부지를 선정하여 연약지반에 성토시 안정성에 미치는 영향을 현장계측결과를 기초로 기존의 안정평가 방법등과 비교분석하여 성토에 따른 지반의 복합적인 거동을 구명하고 연약지반의 안정평가 기법을 제시하고자 한 것으로 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 물리적 성질이 심도별로 최대치를 나타내며 변곡점이 형성되는 부분에서 수평변위가 급증하여 위험가능성이 있으므로 안정관리분석시 기초자료로 이용할 수 있고, 수평변위량의 차가 가장 큰 부분에서 전단변형이 발생되었다. 2. 단계성토에 따른 계측자료를 이용하여 성토체의 안정성을 비교분석 한 결과, 파괴기준선을 초과하여 위험치에 접근하는 부분도 있었으나 성토체는 안정한 것으로 확인되어 안정관리상 파괴기준선으로 안정성을 판단하는 것보다는 곡선의 기울기로 판단하는 것이 합리적이라고 판단된다. 3. 처리지반에서의 수평변위와 상대침하량은 거의 같은 비율을 유지하면서 증가하며, 무처리 지반에서 Terzaghi 수정지지력을 사용할 경우의 전단변형은 성토하중과 비배수 전단강도와의 관계를 고려하고 안전율은 1.2보다 큰 값을 사용하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 4. 과잉간극수압은 성토시공높이에 따라 상승되고 방치기간에 따라서 감소되며, 성토높이가 관리기준치를 초과하면 과잉간극수압은 급격하게 증가되어 불안정한 상태가 되고 과잉간극수압과 수평변위량의 움직임은 거의 일치하고 있으므로 성토의 시공속도를 조절하는데 판단기준으로 이용할 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2022

철도 시설물에서는 침하 및 틀림에 의해 사고가 발생할 수 있어 변형을 적정수준으로 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 변형을 모니터링하기 위해서는 과도한 인력과 시간이 필요하기 때문에 이를 개선하기 위해 위성원격탐사 기술 중 하나인 InSAR 기술을 활용하고자 한다. 장기적인 시계열 분석을 위해서는 25장 이상의 고해상도 위성정보로 PS-InSAR 기법을 활용 할 수 있으나, 신속하고 단기적인 방법으로 2장 이상의 위성정보로 D-InSAR 기법으로 미세 변형을 관측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 TerraSAR-X 영상을 이용하여 D-InSAR 기법을 적용하여 오송 철도종합시험선로의 지반 침하량 및 구조물 변형량을 구하였다. 구조물과 사면에 반사강도를 높일 수 있는 코너리플렉터를 인공적으로 설치하여 변위 값을 임의로 수 mm 조정하여 이를 검증 할 수 있도록 하였다. D-InSAR 분석 결과로부터 적절한 코너리플렉터 배치도를 산출하였고, 궤도, 사면, 구조물 구역의 변위량을 측정하였다. 더불어 임의로 조정한 코너리플렉터의 변위값을 D-InSAR 분석으로 산출하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 D-InSAR 결과를 철도시설물과 같은 광범위한 인프라 시설에 모니터링을 위한 기법으로 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.