• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.386-391
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• 2003

Ready mixed mortar has been originated from lime industry of Germany and is being used widely in the world at present. In recent years, the studies of mortar with new faculty have been progressed. In this study, we used elvan instead of using sand in order to make cement mortar and investigated characteristics of elvan and mortar that used elvan. The major compositions of elvan were $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$. The crystal phases of elvan were composed of quartz and sillimanite. Elvan had a lot of pore and absorption ratio was 2.09%. The compressive strength of mortar that used elvan satisfied korean industrial standards under 1:3 (mixing ratio) and water retentivity increased according to increase of elvan contents. Far infrared radiation and deodorization ratio increased and thermal conductivity decreased according to increase of elvan contents.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 1991

Seven oxyfluorfen formulations were tested for control of 8 weed species and rice injury under four different water depths with various ages of rice seedlings. Among formulations tested, rice injury was slight by formulations of Elvan, Coal Slag, Chitosan and Bentonite B under 0 cm or shallow water depths, and by those of Elvan and Coal Slag under deep water conditions. Weed control was high by Bentonite A and B, and Chitosan, and was low by Elvan. Coal Slag and Sand coated oxyfluorfen, if the target weeds of oxyfluorfen are annual species, further development of Elvan, coal slag, chitosan and Bentonite A would be controlled to increase control efficacy or to decrease rice injury.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2008

Functional hanji was manufactured using the bast fiber of Broussonetia kazinoki and various inorganic compounds such as kaolin, talc, elvan, and ocher, and the physical and optical properties were investigated. The residual percentages of kaolin, talc, elvan and ocher in the functional hanji were above 50%. The density of the hanji increased with the increase of the content of inorganic compounds. The hanji manufactured using ocher showed the highest density. The breaking length and burst factor decreased with the increase of inorganic materials, indicating that physical properties of hanji were not improved by adding inorganic materials. The emission rates of far-infrared radiation increased in the hanji manufactured using inorganic materials. The higher emission rates were observed in the hanji with elvan or ocher. Addition of inorganic compounds to hanji showed the flame retardative effect. The colorfastness to light of the hanji with elvan or ocher was the degree of 4, which explained by the characteristic color of the inorganics.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.41-55
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• 2002

In order to evaluate the effects of functional composts which include elvan, jade and loess, the growth and the yield of Chinese Cabbage and its content of sugar, nitrate and vitamin C were analysed. This study was conducted in lysimeter which was installed in the Experimental Farm of Dankook University. Total fresh weights of Chinese Cabbage were higher in the treatments of compost with mixture of elvan, jade and loess, while numbers of leaf was not increased in those treatments compared to control plot. Leaf length increased more than leaf width, specially in the evlan treatment. Fresh weight of leaf blade and midrib in outer leaf was highest in the plot of elvan treatment among the 6 treatments. Sugar content in the Chinese Cabbage showed lower in the treatment of compost with mixture of elvan, jade and loess compared to control plot. Vitamin content was high in leaf blade compare to those in midrib, and it showed highest value in the treatment of compost with mixture of jade. Nitrate concentration of leaf blade and midrib in the treatment of compost with mixture of loess was lowest at 2,021ppm and 2,235ppm respectively. It shows the effective function of mixture compost with jade, loess and elvan to decrease nitrate content in the Chinese Cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 1991

Various formulations of oxyfluorfen were tested to evaluate effect of weed control efficacy and rice injury as affected by different degrees of water leakages. Rice injury was increased with increased water leakages. The formulations of Elvan, Coal slag and Chitosan gave slight injury to rice under all conditions included in terms of visual ratings, plant height and fresh weight production. However, weed control of most formulations was decreased and increased with increased water leakages for annual weeds and perennial weeds, respectively, Annual weeds were controlled greater than 90~ by all treatments, but perennial weed control was relatively low. Scirpus juncoides was the most tolerant annual weed to Oxyfluorfen. Elvan formulation showed somewhat decreased control of barnyardgrass with increased water leakages. The promising formulations of Oxyfluorfen were Chitosan, Coal slag, Bentonite B and Elvan (if the first releasing rate increased), which injured rice slightly and controlled annual weeds excellently regardless of degrees of water leakages.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1991

Seven formulations of oxyfluorfen selected from the previous studies(4. 5) were tesed to evaluate crop injury and herbicidal efficacy on two rice cultivars and several annual and perennial weeds in a greenhouse. Each formulation at two different rates was applied to rice transplanted with 8-, 22- and 32-day old seedlings and to direct-seeded rice. Among the formulations, Elvan, Bentonite B. Chitosan and Coal Slag gave lower injury than a control formulation, Sand-coated oxyluorfen, and they did not have a problem with excessive release if active ingredient at once. Especially, the formulations of Elvan, Chitosan and Bentonite B controlled annual weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, Cyperus difformis., and Scirpus juncoides) and perennial weeds (Sagittaria pygmaea, and Cyperus serotinus). The surface structure of the formulations indicate the different possibilities of releasing of oxyfluorfen by different cracking and hole sizes, namely retention capacity.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 1990

Thirty formulations of oxyfluorfen(2-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-p-toyl 3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenyl ether were manufactured by adsorption and substitation. Of them 16 formulations n-ere selected because they showed rekatuvely high activity and long durability in the bioassay with (Brassica campestris V.L.) Then, the formulations selected and 4 commercial formulations were tested using Monochoria in pots. As the result, the formulations of polyer 11, elvan 7/40, coal-slag 7/40, zeolite(A), and bentonite(A) were selected because they showed almost complete inhibition of Monochoria even up the 73 days after treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

Bottom ash(BA) from coal-fired power plants is burnt and remaining ash at high temperature. Since the BA is baked at high temperature, it is considered to be the same function as the elvan. Nowadays, the demand for mortar with far infrared rays, antibacteria, antifungus, deodorization, aridity and humidity function is increasing as the materials such as Hwangtoh(yellow soil) and elvan rather than general mortar. As a result of comparing the functionality of eco-friendly bio BA mortar with that of general mortar, the far infrared ray emissivity is about $0.02{\times}10^2W/m^2$ more and the deodorization function is about 26% or more. Even in the case of humidity control, BA motors showed about 1.8 times higher than general mortar, and more than 10% higher than the "good" standards of moisture absorption and damp proofing construction materials established by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2023

In previous studies, solely ferric (Fe³⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) ions were commonly used for removal of PO₄-P (considered as T-P in this study) in wastewater via chemical precipitation. Herein, the removal of total phosphorus (T-P) in wastewater was performed using various mineral and lime dissolved solutions. The dissolution kinetics of different minerals (feldspar, olivine, elvan, illite, sericite, and zeolite) and lime was compared and used their solutions for T-P removal of real wastewater. The highest T-P removal (almost 90%) was obtained by the lime dissolved solution and followed by zeolite, illite, feldspar, and others. We observed a significant co-relationship (R of 0.96) between the amount of initial Ca²⁺ and T-P removal. This was induced by formation of hydroxyapatite-like mineral via Ca-P precipitation reaction at high pH solution. Furthermore, additional removal of suspended solid (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was achieved by only lime dissolved solution. Finally, the lime-feldspar dissolved solutions were prepared at different ratios (10-50%), which showed a successive T-P removal up to two times by samples of 40 and 50%.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2008

Blood soil and the mixture of blood soil, elvan soil and, silica soil materials were molded, then they were sintered in $1100^{\circ}C$ and were used for the emission of the far infrared ray boll. The emission from the manufactured bolls was relatively high in the range of $8{\sim}12{\mu}m$ wavelength each. The elution of minerals from mixture bolls was very low, but the elimination of heavy metal cadmium ion in activated water and energy water treated with mixture bolls was very high. Activated water and energy water had a high to the UV protected ability in comparison to drinking water.