• Mycobiology
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2004

Winter mushroom, Flammulina velutipes, needs low temperature during its cultivation. To save on farm costs, especially during summer, a strain adaptable to a higher or elevated-temperature must be developed. At the start of breeding program, parental strains which could endure high temperature were obtained. Seuenty four dikaryotic strains were collected and divided into four groups according to the nature of temperature. They also had different fruiting temperature. Finally we selected three brown strains ASI 4048, 4057 and 4072, and collected their spores. These selected strains can germinate even at a high temperature of $32^{\circ}C$, which were dramatically higher than the other strains. Based on these results, the new white strain adapted to mid-temperature by backcross mating was developed. Molecular markers were applied to select white fruitbody producing strains without cultivation. They showed a specific band which co-segregated with brown fruitbody forming strains in $BC_1F_1$ progenies. Selected white strains were tested under several elevated temperature conditions.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.363-370
• /
• 2014

We grew seedlings of Saechucheongbyeo and Odaebyeo of rice cultivars that are cultivated dominantly in the northern and middle regions of Korea under control(ambient condition), ambient $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature, and elevated $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature in order to study how growth responses and crop yield of major rice of Korea change as the global warming proceeds and compared the results. Aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, total biomass, and panicles weight per individual and ripended grain rate of cv. Saechucheongbyeo were the highest under control, but those of cv. Odaebyeo were the highest under elevated $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature. There was no difference in the number of panicles per individual of cv. Saechucheongbyeo and cv. Odaebyeo in these experiments. There was no difference in the number of grains per panicle of cv. Saechucheongbyeo among three environmental gradients, but that of cv. Odaebyeo was the highest under elevated $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature. Weight of a grain of cv. Saechucheongbyeo was highest under elevated $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature, but that of cv. Odaebyeo was the higher under ambient $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature and elevated $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature. Thus, if global warming continues in Korea, selection of rice cultivation varieties must be chosen carefully for commendation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.597-603
• /
• 1999

Even though the development of livestock industry in Asia and Australasia has brought the economic growth and thus elevated the living standard in these areas, it has also brought the pollution caused by the increasing amount of animal wastes. Among them, Japan probably is the first country that suffered from the animal waste pollution as early as in 1970s. Nowadays, the animal waste pollution has been a common problem for almost every countries in this region. To solve it, different measures and regulations have been implemented in many countries. In this paper, different methods for animal waste disposal are discussed, including: manure-bed animal housing, composting, anaerobic treatment, odor control, utilization of biogas, aerobic treatment, three-step process, N and P removal, land application, cultivation of algae, anaerobic treatment of dead animals. It is hoped that an animal industry without pollution can be achieved in the future.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1990.06a
• /
• pp.155-167
• /
• 1990

Ginseng Is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax quinquefolium in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native deciduous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a surface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximum machinery usage and to minimize labor requirements. Further, with only a four- years growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semi-arid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture level become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and many environments promotes high soil moisture levels. Also, the modified environment redlines soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is suloptimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains. Keywords Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, cultivation, ginseng production.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.297-309
• /
• 1990

Ginseng is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax Vtiinvtiefolilim in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native decidous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a sllrface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximillm machinery useage and to minimize labour requirements. Further, with only a four-year growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semiarid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture levels become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and much environment promotes high soil moistilre levels. Also, the modified environment reduces soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is sub-optimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.100-104
• /
• 2007

A protocol for the production of transgenic Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer was established via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of direct somatic embryos. A number of conditions related to the co-cultivation were tested with respect to maximizing transformation efficiency. The results showed that pH of the co-cultivation medium (5.7), the bacterial growth phase (optical density; $OD_{600}$ = 0.8), co-cultivation period (3 days), and acetosyringone concentration $(100\;{\mu}M)$ had positive effects on transformation. Selected plantlets were cultured on the medium at an elevated hygromycin level(30 mg/l). Integration of the transgenes into the P. ginseng nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR analysis using hpt primers and by Southern hybridization using hpt-specific probe. The transgenic plantlets were obtained after 3-month cultivation and did not show any detectable variation in morphology or growth characteristics compared to wild-type plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.50
• /
• pp.163-168
• /
• 2023

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.]) is a globally important root crop cultivated for food and industrial processes. The crop is susceptible to the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita, a major plant-parasitic RKN that reduces the yield and quality of sweetpotato. Previous transcriptomic and proteomic analyses identified several genes that displayed differential expression patterns in susceptible and resistant cultivars in response to M. incognita infection. Among these, several sporamin genes were identified for RKN resilience. Sporamin is a storage protein primarily found in sweetpotato and morning glory (Ipomoea nil). In this study, transcriptional analysis was employed to investigate the role of sporamin genes in the defense response of sweetpotato against RKN infection in three susceptible and three resistant cultivars. Twenty-three sporamin genes were identified in sweetpotato and classified as group A or group B sporamin genes based on comparisons with characterized sweetpotato and Japanese morning glory sporamins. Two group A sporamin genes showed significantly elevated levels of expression in resistant but not in susceptible cultivars. These results suggest that the elevated expression of specific sporamin genes may play a crucial role in protecting sweetpotato roots from RKN infection.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.253-259
• /
• 2018

This study set out to select a system to realize an optimal environment for strawberry cultivation greenhouses based on data about the growth and development of strawberry and its environment and to provide basic data for the research of its improved productivity. For these purposes, the investigator conducted a field survey with greenhouses for strawberry cultivation in western Gyeongnam. The findings show that farmers in their fifties and sixties accounted for the biggest part in the age groups of strawberry farmers. While those who were under 50 were accounted for approximately 67.5%, those who were 60 or older accounted for 32.5%. As for cultivation experiences, the majority of the farmers had ten years of cultivation experiences or less with some having 30 years of cultivation experiences or more. All the farmers built an arch type single span greenhouse. Those who used nutrient solutions were about 75.0%, being more than those who used soil. All of the farmers that used a nutrient solution adopted an elevated hydroponic system. The single span greenhouses were in the range of 7.5~8.5m, 1.3~1.8m and 2.5~3.5m for width, eaves, and ridge height, respectively, regardless of survey areas. The rafters interval was about 0.7~0.8m. In elevated hydroponic cultivation, the width, height, and interval of the beds were about 0.25m, 1.2m and 1.0m, respectively. As for the strawberry varieties, the domestic ones accounted for approximately 97.5% with Seolhyang being the most favorite one at about 65.0%. As for the internal environment factors of greenhouses, 38 farmers measured only temperature and relatively humidity. As for hydroponics, the farmers used a hydroponics control system. Except for the farmers that introduced a smart farm system for temperature and humidity control, approximately 85.0% controlled temperature and humidity only with a control panel for side windows and ventilation fans. As for heating and heat insulation, all of the farmers were using water curtains with many farmers using an oil or electric boiler, radiating lamp or non-woven fabric, as well, when necessary.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to examine the growth of one and two year old American ginseng (Panax guinguefolium L.) in the arid interior of British Columbia, Canada. For both years of plants, early season growth was characterized by rapid stem and leaf dry matter production. Root growth commenced in early June and continued until early September. One year old roots had a dry weight of 0.1 to 0.2g at the end of the growing season. The two years old roots commenced the growing season at 0.Is and increased in dry matter by a factor of ten-fold. Dry to fresh weight ratios for both years were similar for root, leaf and stem samples at the end of the growing season. Leaf area index for both years showed similarities in progression over the growing season. As a consequence of the effectiveness of the microclimate modification employed to permit American ginseng cultivation (elevated shade cloth and surface mulch), plant growth and development was extremely good. This indicates the potential for the cultivation of American ginseng in dryland environments.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.6 no.3_4
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2008

A first, we made white strain 'S line' adaptable to elevated temperature after collected brown strains were characterized with culture characterization on temperature and their monokaryons isolated at the high temperature were crossed with white strain. These S line monokaryons were crossed again with other monokaryons derived from a commercial white. As a result of successive crossing, finally a new variety 'Baengno' was developed. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$ but it needed to adjust to $18{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ when incubated at the bottle cultivation. It brought incubation period shortening as 21 days saved 2~3 days when compared with other white varieties. The optimum temperatures of fruiting body initiation and development were almost same to others like as $14^{\circ}C$ and $7^{\circ}C$, respectively. Fruiting body of 'Baengno' was pure white even developed from crossing with brown strains. 'Baengno' was a good variety with high quality and high productivity characterized as quite even budding habit, long stipes and hemi-spherical pilei. This variety needed more air ventilation and had to be adjusted its cultivation environment for the good cultivation.