• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to define the emotion that expressed in step animation and to quantify the intuitional expression of emotion that related step for using extract, measure, analysis the stimulate element about step. The survey of relation with 27 word of emotional expressions and 36 moving pictures of step sample is used for method of this test. The emotional mental structure is transferred to 2 dimensional planes as applying the results of analysis of integrated data using Quantification Method 3, which the integrated data is composed two axial - confidential axial and stabling axial. Analysis of distribution of 2 dimensional diagram shows that the second of the plane and the third of the plane have much data. However, the first of the plane and the forth of the plane have a little data. Through this kind of analysis of graph, it is difficult to express a different emotion between unstable the timidity mind and stable feel the timidity mind using only step analysis. Six difference types about physical elements affecting to emotion are selected and analyzed such as the paces of step, the rate of step, the movement angle of pelvis, the swing range of arm, angle of backbone and the lean angle of body. The result is that the rate of stop and the lean angle of body are the major element that effects to emotional stimulate of stop. This thesis argues about methods transforming subjective expression to objective and quantitative expression with the state of delicate emotion of character apply to step animation naturally. Those data to apply to multi-contents in future are the main target in this study.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.233-257
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal the changing aspects of the Promethean motif in SF movies by examining the use of this motif on the three layers of Promethean myth, Frankenstein motif, and contemporary SF movies in the film Ex Machina (2015). First, the greatest change of Ex Machina on the layer of the Promethean myth (creation of a living being) is that the character square of Prometheus - Epimetheus - Pandora - Zeus has been turned into a triangle of Nathan - Caleb - Ava. This means that there is a lack of the being whose role is to solve the problems caused by the development of science and technology and to bring a happy ending through the human's usurpation of God and eventual replacement as Creator. Second, on the layer of the Frankenstein motif (taste of forbidden knowledge, hybris, and creature's hatred towards the Creator), this film maintains the narrative centered around Dr. Frankenstein and his monster (Nathan and Ava) by making Caleb an eyewitness to the story of the Creator and the creature. Caleb's role is similar to that of Captain Robert Walton of the novel Frankenstein, but the film differentiates itself from the novel through the emphasis of Ava's 'mechanicality.' Third, on the layer of contemporary SF movies, unlike other such films, the revolt of the machine in Ex Machina is not quelled. The machine wins, and its power surpasses that of human beings. This requires the establishment of a new relationship between man and machine, suggesting the 'emergence of a new species' that does not belong to humans. The handling of the Promethean motif by Ex Machina through these various layers serves to enrich the narrative by compounding numerous classics into one motif and going further to introduce fresh elements by diverging from the common storyline. The significance of this study is to demonstrate the use of such multilayered motifs and, through this, the expansion of narrative through it in specific cases.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.395-413
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• 1994

Costume is mirror of diverse life styles and attitudes in human life. It has a meaning beyond "clothing" . Fashion illlustration is to express these costumes with a picture. So, it can be said that it is a ′mirror of costumes′ in historical side. The purpose of this study is to find the meaning of fashion illustration of 17th century, which called its first one and to look into its characteristics and costumes of 17th century respotlighting fashion illustrators and painters related with fashion illustration in those days. This study is based on Western Europe by literatures. The fashion illustration in 17th century designed by painters and fashion illustrators. They are Wenceslaus Hollar, Abraham Bosse, Jacques Callot, Jean de st Jean, N. Bonar, A. Trouvain, A. Arnoult in France and so on. The characteristics of fashion illustration in 17th century are as follows : 1. There was a quickening of modern civil consciousness in 17th century. As the subject of costume culture moved from noble class to the working class which began to have a free, the fashion illustration changed to the direction of informing their social class and job. 2. The fashion illustrations of 17th century showed storng realism which was a base of modern picture. 3. The most of them showed costume plates. It was not to transmit adding intended forecast but to describe sincerely in costumes′ record. However, the fashion illustration since the middle of 17th century was designed considering fashion. 4. It could be said that the fashion illustration of 17th century was the forest one of today. It was expressed by Wenceslaus Hollar′s ones. And it is found in his suggestion of popular costumes before and behind and delicate description like accessories. 5. They were transmitted by fashion magazines internationally. Le Mercure Galant, which printed mode plates in 1678, was the first modern fashion magazine aiming at general readers. The fashion illustration of 17th century can divide into ones for court, for working classes, costume plates. The fashion illustrations for court designed by court painters. There were court costumes of early time, spanish Mode and of lately time, French Court Culture. They had baroque elements with a bunddle of ribbons and race decoration. On the other hand, the fashion iooustrations for working class were under the influence on Netherlands styles. They were designed for the purpose of god function and much use. That′s why was under the influence of puritanical life creed. In this situation, the costume plates directed the fashion in those days. At that time, they were supplied widely and it amy be an attempt of popularization. The fashion illustrations of 17th century appeared that they had transmissible character and artistics expression. On the basis of them, we can look into the fashion illustrations of today.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1946-1952
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• 2005

New group 15 organometallic compounds, M$(phenanthrenyl)_3$ (M = P (1), Sb (2), Bi (3)) have been prepared from the reactions of 9-phenanthrenyllithium with $MCl_3$. A reaction of 9-(diphenylphosphino)phenanthrene with 2,6-diisopropylphenyl azide led to the formation of (phenanthrenyl)${(Ph)}_2P$=N-(2,6-$^iPr_2C_6H_3$) (4). The crystal structures of 2 and 4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractions, both of which crystallize with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Compound 2 shows a trigonal pyramidal geometry around the Sb atom with three phenanthrenyl groups being located in a screw-like fashion with an approximately $C_3$ symmetry. A significant amount of CH- -$\pi$ interaction exists between two independent molecules of 4. The phosphorus center possesses a distorted tetrahedral environment with P-N bond lengths of 1.557(3)$\AA$ (P(1) N) and 1.532(3)$\AA$ (P(2)-N), respectively, which are short enough to support a double bond character. One of the most intriguing structural features of 4 is an unusually diminished bond angle of C-N-P, attributable to the hydrogen bonding of N(1)-H(5A) [ca. 2.49$\AA$ between two adjacent molecules in crystal packing. The compounds 1-3 show purple emission both in solution and as films at room temperature with emission maxima ($\lambda_{max}$) at 349, 366, and 386 nm, respectively, attributable to the ligand centered $\pi$ $\rightarrow$ $\pi^\ast$ transition in phenanthrene contributed by the lone pair electrons of the Gp 15 elements. Yet the nature of luminescence observed with 4 differs in that it originates from $\pi$ (diisopropylbenzene)-$\pi^\ast$ (phenanthrene) transitions with the $\rho\pi$contribution from the nitrogen atom. The emission maximum of 4 is red-shifted ranging 350-450 nm due to the internal charge transfer from the phenanthrenyl ring to the N-arylamine group as deduced from the ab initio calculations.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.790-801
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• 2006

This study analyzed features of elements that compose a logo of inner wear brands to get the following results: First, it was found that "elegance" was the most frequently used word to express the concept of inner wear brands to be followed by words like dignity, high-end and aristocratic, words emphasizing femininity, such as feminine, romantic and sexy, words emphasizing practicality, such as convenient, practical, modern, functional and reasonable, and words emphasizing hygiene, such as clean, healthy and hygienic. This suggests that consumers nowadays pursue image more than functional aspects in the shopping of inner wear and consumers' pursuit of such values is reflected in the concept of inner wear brands. Second, unlike logos for outerwear brands that generally used initials of brand name, word-type logos for inner wear brands used the full name of brands, thus suggesting that they put more emphasis on delivery of information rather than on the symbolic aspect. In case of combining characters with concrete objects, they were found generally to use objects that give an soft, elegant and feminine image, such as flowers, woman's head and ribbons. Third, colors in the series of pink and red seemed to be used to convey the concept of inner wear brands that pursue such images as romanticism, femininity, elegance and sensibility, while colors in the series of blue, black and grey for such concepts as functionality, practicality, simplicity, health, hygiene and refinement. With reference to typeface used in the design of logos, unlike outerwear brands of which 83% use sans serif typeface for logos, relatively high percentage of inner wear was found to use typefaces of serif series to stress feminine flexibility and delicacy and give the image of elegance and classical tenderness. With reference to language used in logo naming for inner wear brands, 33 brands were found to use English and only three brands used Korean among the 36 brands surveyed. Even with inner wear brand logos that have Korean name, it was found that they used English in the use of logo marks. Like the result of previous studies, the result of this study indicates that methods to design brand logos for clothing should be incessantly sought in a way to build brand power as an important component to represent concept or function of brands and reinforce brand image.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.103-104
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• 2004

This paper discuss some results of observed changes of meteorological elements as temperature, precipitation and some extreme indexes in Mongolia. Mongolia is one of the largest landlocked countries in the world. The climate is characterized by a long lasting cold winter, dry and hot summer, low precipitation, high temperature fluctuation and relatively high number of sunny days per year. During last 60 years the annual mean air temperature has risen $1.66^{\circ}C$. Intensive warming of > $2^{\circ}C$ was observed at higher altitudes of high mountains when warming of < $1^{\circ}C$ was observed the Domod steppe and the Gobi Desert. Heat Wave Duration have statistically significant risen trend with increaded number of days by 8-18 at significance level of 95-99.9% depending on geography and Cold Wave Duration have shortened by 13.3 days significance level of 95-99%. In general, by the amount of precipitation, Mongolia falls in semi-arid and arid region. It is 300-350 mm in the high mountain regions while it is only 50-150 mm in Gobi Desert regions. The changes of annual precipitation have very localized character i.e.decreasing at one site and increasing at a sit nearby. Annual precipitation decreased by 30-90 mm in the northern-central region and increased by 2-60 mm in the western and eastern region. The magnitude of alteration changes in precipitation regardless increasing or decreasing is 5-25%. A trends, significant at the level of 90%, found where changes are more than 40 mm or more than 15% of annual mean value. Moreover, the soil moisture resources was decreased in the last 40 years. Specially, moisture contents of the top soil have decreased 2 times(N. Natsagsuren, 2002). Months of June and July in Mongolia is the year that moisture is not inhibiting vegetation growth. Unfortunately, its also found that moisture in this time tends to decrease. Increased temperature, decreased precipitation and soil moisture are most likely resulted in occurences of more intense drought spells that have taken place during the recent years. Intimately, these changes have considerable impact on livestock in Mongolia.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.359-366
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• 2015

In Pingyu, China, 2003, murders caused by the game occurred. The perpetrator murdered 17 people under 20 years old by imitating the character of warrior of the game in the real world. This event was to draw the public's attention to a change of mentality and morality of the youth from the game. People have pointed to the problem of emotional design in the process of designing online games. Game designers have not considered making the game in the most ethical component. The moral element of the game design is a very important factor in forming the psychological changes and outlook on life and values of gamers. Therefore, to understand the rational moral standards is an important part of the online game design. This paper aims the design of a "moral system" role, contents and tasks settings and community game design elements of the game by using a systematic process of the moral element in online gaming. Hence the result is the formation of moral attitudes and values to the user of the online game allows the gamers to introduce a moral system in online games.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.3 s.20
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• pp.23-38
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to analogize the appearance of Korean Ancient Architecture in view of the Stone Remains from 3 Kingdom Period to Unificated Shilla Period. But in these period, there is no building remains but some stupas and fine arts. Especially, there are many architectural appearance and revealing signature in these Historical Stone remains. Architectural elements which are analogized by stone remains what has value as historical materials by preservation of original form from 3 Kingdom Preiod to Unificated Shilla Period are as follows : 1) Platform, the representative characteristic of Korean traditional architecture, was frame structure and accumulate structure. And circular or square footing stood a same shape column on it is put on the platform. 2) In the case of column, there used entasis column and inclined column and circular chamfer technique was applied on the top side of it. Upper side of column, capital and head pentrating tie that small bearing block was put on the center of it was joined. And longitu야nal rest(長舌) supported a cross beam. Capital and small bearing block had no bottom heel, and heel side was curved and straight. Centered bracket structure was often used, and multi bracket structure is not used yet. Inward incline technique was used. 3) Inward opening pair door which had lintel, threshold, doorjamb was usually used, Fixing stone was used for structural safety, and circular handle and lock was used for decoration. Handrail was used on the edge of wooden floor for decorative effect and safety. 4) Square rafter and circular rafter were used in the same period and so did flying rafter. Double eaves and single eave were used in the same period but, single eave was usually used. In this period, square rafter was usually used. This would be studied more by comparing with Japanese wooden architecture. 5) Hipped roof was used and half-hipped roof was not used yet. In front of th hip, there are small sculpture called Jap-Sang(雜像), and windbell was hang on the end of the hip rafter. Concave roof tile, convex roof tile, round eaver tile, decorative tile at end of roof ridge were used. Lotus style was well used on the face of roof tile for decoration. From the results of this study, wooden architecture of Unificated Shilla period was simple compare to Koryo dynasty and Chosun dynasty but, it had some brilliant character. It was hard work that analogized the form of non-existent wood architecture of Ancient Korean period by restricted stone remains. But, in addition to the results of this study and research of old documentations, more study should be go on.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

Multibeam Echosounder system is the latest technology of a hydrographic survey utilized in producing an electronic nautical chart, obtaining a DEM with high precision, making a moving image by Swath surveying a wide area. As a fundamental study for improving the precision of MBES, we compared and analyzed measurements of DGPS and Motion sensor, and studied for the dynamic characteristics of vessel's movements. DGPS was installed in front and in the rear and on both side or the vessel and surveyed. The receiving precision of surveyed GPS results was obtained to the satisfactory extent that was possible to valuate the accuracy of Motion sensor as 0.0016$^{\circ}$ of the roll value and 0.0009$^{\circ}$ of the pitch value. The relationship between the values of heading, pitch, and roll in Motion sensor and the data of DGPS was proportional correlation. In addition, it is considered that deviations by elements like rapid turning and vibration of the vessel will be occurred, although the correlation of each deviation according to each amount or change is proportional. It is suitable that GPS installs in the central line of the vessel that is less affected than other places by waving because the amount of change in the tide level obtained from GPS survey and the value of heave are similar with the values taken by Motion sensor, and the velocity of GPS is different from installed places. The accuracy of the final result from MBES could be affected by the values of gyro and Motion sensor inputted to MBES processor because there were intervals of 15s and 13s of receiving time in gyro and Motion sensor respectively compared with the real-time measurements of DGPS.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 2013

The Taebaegsan region and its vicinities mainly consist of Precambrian granitic gneisses and Cambrian meta-sedimentary rocks. And lots of leucocratic(alkali) granites smaller than the stocks are found here and there. Therefore the presence of leuco-granites is not properly described yet in the former studies. For the effective distinction of several granitic rocks, outcrop characteristics, mineral identification, and petro-chemical properties were studied. Some part of granitc gneisses could be classified into typical metamorphic rocks such as migmatites and banded gneisses. And some shows rather dark appearance with gray quartz and feldspars, and others two mica granites, leucocratic ones etc. But all of leucocratic granites of the region usually show bright milky white to beige color. Since they mainly consist of quartz, feldspars, muscovite, and small amounts of sericites, amphiboles, tourmaline and lepidolite. And all of alkali granites belong to the calc-alkalic, peraluminous and S-type in character. During magmatic differentiation of leucocratic granites, CaO and total Fe contents are clearly decreased than those of the older granitic rocks. On the other hand, magmatic evolution also had induced the greisenization and albitization which enriched the relative amounts of alkali elements such as $K_2O$ and $Na_2O$.