• Applied Microscopy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2017

Drastic development of ubiquitous devices requires more advanced batteries with high specific capacitance and high rate capability. Large-area microstructure characterization across the stacks of cathode, electrolyte and anode might reveal the origin of the instability or degradation of batteries upon cycling charge. In this study, sample preparation methods to observe the cross-section view of the electrodes for battery in SEM and several imaging tips are reviewed. For an accurate evaluation of the microstructure, ion milling which flats the surface uniformly is recommended. Pros and cons of cross-section polishing (CP) with Ar ion and focused ion beam (FIB) with Ga ion were compared. Additionally, a modified but new cross-section milling technique utilizing precision ion polishing system (PIPS) which can be an alternative method of CP is developed. This simple approach will make the researchers have more chances to prepare decent large-area cross-section electrode for batteries.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1543-1547
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• 2006

The aim of this experiment was to observe and analysis clinical effect of the 'Sexiang shuhuo Jing' on histological change for 14days after skeletal muscle injury in rats. The gastrocnemius muscles of rats were damaged by electromechanical and serial cryosections of the damaged muscle were prepared at 1, 5, 10, 14 days after injury. Muscle sample of the both control and 'Sexiang Shuhuo Jing' treated group were prepared for histological analysis by optical microscope and electron microscopy. 'Sexiang Shuhuo Jing' treatment group's skeletal muscle recovery was much more faster than control group. After 5 day's 'Sexiang Shuhuo Jing' treatment group's basically recovery normal structure of muscle fiber. After 14 day's control group's damaged muscle were basically recovery structure of muscle fiber but still has some factor of pathological impression but in Sexiang Shuhuo Jing treatment group's can't be found that.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2019

Sinuolinea capsularis Davis, 1917 is myxosporean that infect the urinary system of the host fish. Insufficient morphological and molecular data of S. capsularis exits, and it is therefore difficult to make an accurate identification of the parasite. We tried a series of morphological and molecular analysis to identify an myxosporean isolated from urinary bladder of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from Jeju island in the Republic of Korea. Some of them were observed under a light microscope and SEM, and remain samples were used molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Mature spores were subspherical, measuring $13.9{\pm}0.6{\mu}m$ in length and $13.8{\pm}0.8{\mu}m$ in width. Two spherical polar capsules on opposite sides in the middle of the spore had a diameter range of $4.3{\pm}0.4{\mu}m$. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that spores a severely twisted the suture line. By the morphological comparison and analysis, it was identified as S. capsularis. In addition, we obtained the partial 18S rDNA of S. capsularis and first registered it in NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. capsularis clustered with Zschokkella subclade infecting the urinary system of marine fish, and it supported the infection site tropism effect on phylogeny of marine myxosporeans as well as the origin of Sinuolinea is not monophyly.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2004

To observe and analysis ultra-microscopically barley aleurone cell surface, atomic force microscope (AFM) was used. Seed coat of early maturing germplasm, eam9, was dehulled and scanned by non-contact mode. We have obtained the high resolution topographic 3-dimensional image of barley aleurone layer with high resolution. These images showed the membrane proteins in barley aleurone cell. One channel protein and numerous peripheral or integral proteins were detected in a area of 100 $\mu\textrm{m}^2$. Furthermore, we found that their widths were ranged from 50 to 750nm and lengths from 0 to 66 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The thickness of aleurone layer was measured by scanning electron microscope. The thickness at early developmental stage was about 16 and then the aleurone cell enlarged upto 57 $\mu\textrm{m}$${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ at least until 42 days after anthesis. In this study, we firstly reported on the ultrastructural AFM analysis of living aleurone cell as a biological specimen. It was clearly suggested that AFM will become an powerful tool for probing both the structural properties of biological samples.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2020

Red spots symptoms were observed on the leaves of Rumex japonicus Houtt. in Goesan, Korea, in May 2019. Diseased leaf showing red spot and white-colored sori were found behind of diseased leaves. Aeciospores were confirmed and observed using a stereomicroscope, light microscope, and scanning electron microscope. They were globose or ovoid and measured 19.0-24.4×19.0-24.5 ㎛, with verrucae ornamentation. For the phylogenetic analysis, partial of large subunit rDNA region and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III were sequenced. As a result, the isolated fungus species showed high similarities with Puccinia prizeliana. Based on the previous report, morphological characters, phylogenetic analysis, it was confirmed as Puccinia phragmitis which have not been reported in Korea, and we firstly report this fungal agent on R. japonicus as P. phragmitis in Korea.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2007

A method of forming agar microcapsule with fibroin coating was developed in this report. The capsules were prepared from a W/O emulsion of hot agar in mineral oil and were subsequently coated by fibroin. The capsules were harvested as precipitated aggregates, which can be dispersed in an aqueous media. The diameter of the microcapsule was less than $10{\mu}m$ by microscopic observation and 90% of them were between $1.32{\mu}m\;and\;6.0{\mu}m$. The structure of the aggregates and their dispersed microspheres were investigated by scanning electron microscope. Confocal microscopy was applied to visualize the core-shell structure of the agar microcapsule with fibroin coating. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measured their composition to be agar 51.2%, fibroin 13.8%, Span 80 1.4% by weight.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

The patterns in X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy provide useful clue at $29.4^{\circ}$ to discriminate two types of Akoya cultured pearl which occurs difference of surface luster. Using the optical microscope, we could be confirmed that the nareous layer of each sample consist of different crystal form. In Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy analysis, the nareous layer of Akoya cultured pearls with poor luster shows some peaks at 712, 699, 1435, $1444cm^{-1}$ region and these peaks depend on the Calcite. But the nareous layer of pearls with excellent luster could not observed those peaks related with Calcite, we could observed Aragonite band at 699, $1085cm^{-1}$ region. Though this result, we know that the nareous layer of Akoya cultured pearls with excellent luster is mainly composed by Aragonite. Raman bands are also clearly demonstrated to occur difference of band intensity by difference of Aragonite content. In the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, we found that the Akoya cultured pearl luster and surface condition is associated with internal structure.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.6 no.1 s.7
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• pp.3-14
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• 1997

Twelve Punchong sherds collected in Hakbongni, Kongju where the well known iron-painted on white slip were manufactured from late 15C to early 16C were analyzed for their composition and microstructure. The composition of the body was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and that of glaze by electron probe micro-analyzer. Microstructure was observed by optical microscope, polarizing microscope, EPMA, and X-ray diffractometer. The results of composition of body and glaze of Hakbongni were compared with those of Punchong from Yongsuri, Boryong which was close to Hakbongni. The composition of body and glaze of these two areas were compared by principal component analysis using SPSS program. Hakbongni bodies have higher silica and flux materials but lower alumina and their glaze have higher silica, soda, iron oxide but lower alumina, calcia. Hakbongni punchong itself is divided into two groups. Their glaze is lime type. There are many remnant minerals, such as quartz, large feldspar mass with partially melted surrounding area, albite, biotite, and iron-oxide. From such a microstructure we can assume that preparation of raw material was rather crude and firing temperature quite low. Iron-painted material is identified as Mg/Fe/Al spinel by composition analysis and XRD pattern.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify concentration characteristics of indoor and outdoor airborne total fiber particles and asbestos in Gyeongnam Provinces. Methods: This study investigated concentration characteristics of indoor fiber particles from 748 schools and 38 public facilities as well as outdoor particles from 11 sites through PCM (phase contrast microscope). SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive using X-ray analysis) was used to obtain physicochemical information of asbestos fiber particles. The study identified asbestos rate in the 15 samples from indoor and outdoor airborne total fiber particles. Results: 1. The average indoor airborne concentrations of total fiber particles were $0.0011{\pm}0007$ f/cc in schools and $0.0015{\pm}0007$ f/cc in public facilities by PCM. Over 90% of the fiber particles were identified as single fibers. 2. The average outdoor airborne concentrations of total fiber particles were $0.0007{\pm}0002$ f/cc, and they were lower than those of indoor airborne concentrations. 3. The results showed that the form of asbestiform was diverse as skein of thread like form and long needle, which was relatively narrower than that of glass fiber and rock wool. 4. The results of SEM/EDX analysis of 15 areas where total fiber particle was relatively high showed that the form was rather similar to that of asbestos, but chemical composition was proven to be non-asbestos. Conclusions: The concentration of indoor and outdoor airborne total fiber particles of Gyeongnam Provinces satisfied the IAQ (Indoor air quality) level of 0.01 f/cc and asbestos was not found in most of the samples by SEM/EDX.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.8 s.185
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• pp.72-79
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• 2006

We measured grating pitch standards using optical diffractometry and analyzed measurement uncertainty. Grating pitch standards have been used widely as a magnification standard for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a scanning probe microscope (SPM). Thus, to establish the meter-traceability in nano-metrology using SPM and SEM, it is important to certify grating pitch standards accurately. The optical diffractometer consists of two laser sources, argon ion laser (488 nm) and He-Cd laser (325 nm), optics to make an incident beam, a precision rotary table and a quadrant photo-diode to detect the position of diffraction beam. The precision rotary table incorporates a calibrated angle encoder, enabling the precise and accurate measurement of diffraction angle. Applying the measured diffraction angle to the grating equation, the mean pitch of grating specimen can be obtained very accurately. The pitch and orthogonality of two-dimensional grating pitch standards were measured, and the measurement uncertainty was analyzed according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. The expanded uncertainties (k = 2) in pitch measurement were less than 0.015 nm and 0.03 nm for the specimen with the nominal pitch of 300 nm and 1000 nm. In the case of orthogonality measurement, the expanded uncertainties were less than $0.006^{\circ}$. In the pitch measurement, the main uncertainty source was the variation of measured pitch values according to the diffraction order. The measurement results show that the optical diffractometry can be used as an effective calibration tool for grating pitch standards.