• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2013

Characterization of microstructures and cryogenic mechanical properties of electro beam (EB) welds between cast and forged Inconel 718 superalloys has been investigated. Optimal EBW condition was found in the beam current range of 36~39 mA with the constant travel speed of 12 mm/s and arc voltage of 120 kV for 10 mm-thick specimens. Electron beam current lower than 25 mA caused to occur the liquation microfissuring in cast-side heat affected zone (HAZ) of EB welds. The HAZ liquation microfissure was found on the liquated grain boundaries with resolidified ${\gamma}/Laves$ and ${\gamma}/NbC$ eutectic constituents. EBW produced welds showing a fine dendritic structure with relatively discrete Laves phase due to fast cooling rate. After post weld aging treatment, blocky Laves phase and formation of ${\gamma}^{\prime}+{\gamma}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ strengtheners were observed. Presence of primary strengthener and coarse Laves particles in PWHT weld may cause to reduce micro-plastic zone ahead of a crack, leading to a significant decrease in Charpy impact toughness at $-196^{\circ}C$. Fracture initiation and propagation induced by Charpy impact testing were discussed in terms of the dislocation structures ahead of crack arisen from the fractured Laves phase.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2019

In order to improve and supplement the shielding method for electron beam treatment, we designed a patient-specific shielding method using a 3D printer, and evaluated the usefulness by comparing and analyzing the distribution of electron beam doses to adjacent organs. In order to treat 5 cm sized superficial tumors around the lens, a CT Simulator was used to scan the Alderson Rando phantom and the DICOM file was converted into an STL file. The converted STL file was used to design a patient-specific shield and mold that matched the body surface contour of the treatment site. The thickness of the shield was 1 cm and 1.5 cm, and the mold was printed using a 3D printer, and the patient customized shielding block (PCSB) was fabricated with a cerrobend alloy with a thickness of 1 cm and 1.5 cm. The dosimetry was performed by attaching an EBT3 film on the surface of the Alderson Rando phantom eyelid and measuring the dose of 6, 9, and 12 MeV electron beams on the film using four shielding methods. Shielding rates were 83.89%, 87.14%, 87.39% at 6, 9, and 12 MeV without shielding, 1 cm (92.04%, 87.48%, 86.49%), 1.5 cm (91.13%, 91.88% with PSCB), 92.66%) The shielding rate was measured as 1 cm (90.7%, 92.23%, 88.08%) and 1.5 cm (88.31%, 90.66%, 91.81%) when the shielding block and the patient-specific shield were used together. PCSB fabrication improves shielding efficiency over conventional shielding methods. Therefore, PSCB may be useful for clinical application.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.481-489
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• 1994

The $SnO_2$/(n)Si solar cell was fabricated by electron beam evaporation method, and their properties were investigated. In proportion to increase of substrate and annealing temperature, the conductivity of $SnO_2$ thin film was increased, but its optical transmission decreases because of increasing optical absorption of free electrons in the thin film. $SnO_2$/Si Solar cell characteristics were improved by annealing, but the solar cells was deteriorated by heat treatment above 500[.deg. C]. The optimal outputs of $SnO_2$/Si solar cell through above investigations were $V_{\var}$:350[mV], $J_{sc}$ ;16.53[mA/c $m^{2}$], FF;0.41, .eta.=4.74[%]

• Carbon letters
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

The process of oxidizing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers converts them into an infusible and non-flammable state prior to carbonization. This represents one of the most important stages in determining the mechanical properties of the final carbon fibers, but the most commonly used methods, such as thermal treatment ($200^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$), tend to waste a great deal of process time, money, and energy. There is therefore a need to develop more advanced oxidation methods for PAN precursor fibers. In this review, we assess the viability of electron beam, gamma-ray, ultra-violet, and plasma treatments with a view to advancing these areas of research and their industrial application.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.380-388
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• 1990

원자력병원에 설치되어 있는 MM-22 의학용 마이크로트론은 고에너지의 전자선 치료와 photon 치료를 위해 가동중에 있다. 이 마이크로트론은 5.3-22.5MeV의 전자선을 발생하도록 설계되었으며, 발생된 전자선은 암치료에 적합한 강도와 안정도를 유지하면서 빔 수송장치를 통해 치료기로 공급된다. MM-22에서의 양질의 방사선 이용은 심부 종양 치료에 새로운 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 본 논문에서는 MM-22의 동작원리, 장치의 구조 및 동작특성에 대해서 기술하고 있다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and potential of electron beam (E-beam) irradiation treatment to the synthetic bony mixtures composed of hydroxyapatite (HA; Bongros$^{(R)}$, Bio@ Co., Korea) and tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP, Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA), mixed at various ratios and of type I collagen (Rat tail, BD Biosciences Co., Sweden) as an organic matrix. Methods: We used 1.0~2.0 MeV linear accelerator and 2.0 MeV superconductive linear accelerator (power 100 KW, pressure 115 kPa, temperature $-30{\sim}120^{\circ}C$, sensor sensitivity 0.1~1.2 mV/kPa, generating power sensitivity 44.75 mV/kPa, supply voltage $5{\pm}0.25$ V) with different irradiation dose, such as 1, 30 and 60 kGy. Structural changes in this synthetic bone material were studied in vitro, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elementary analysis and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), attenuated total reflection (ATR), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Results: The large particular size of HA was changed after E-beam irradiation, to which small particle of TCP was engaged with organic collagen components in SEM findings. Conclusion: The important new in vitro data to be applicable as the substitutes of artificial bone materials in dental and medical fields will be able to be summarized.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2009

이 논문은 폴리머 기반의 전기 분무 장치를 만들기 위하여 이온빔 장치를 통하여 초소수성으로 가공 된 polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) 노즐을 사용하였다. 초소수성 표면을 만들기 위하여, PTFE 표면은 Ar과 $O_2$를 이용한 이온빔 공정 장치를 사용하였다. 최적의 표면 공정 조건은 Ar과 $O_2$ 유량 및 에너지 단위를 변화 시켜 얻을 수 있었다. 공정된 노즐의 표면 특성을 분석하기 위하여 접촉각 측정을 수행하였고, 표면의 형태적 분석을 위해 scanning electron microscope(SEM) 그리고 atomic force microscope(AFM) 측정을 하였다. 초소수성으로 공정된 노즐을 사용함으로써 보다 안정적이고 반복적인 전기 분무가 가능함을 확인 하였으며, 공정 된 노즐의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 외팔보와 이온빔으로 표면 처리 된 노즐 그리고 레이져 변위센서를 이용하여 마이크로 스케일의 추력을 측정하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2018

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), partial response, and complete response in patients who underwent radiation therapy (RT) for mycosis fungoides (MF). Also, we sought to find prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: Total 19 patients confirmed with MF between 1999-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and treatment characteristics, clinical outcomes, and and toxicities were analyzed. Results: Eleven patients were treated with total skin electron beam radiotherapy (TSEBT) and 8 patients with involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) with median dose of 30 Gy, respectively. The median time interval from diagnosis to RT was 2.6 months (range, 0.4 to 87.3 months). The overall response rate was 100%; 11 patients (57.9%) had a complete response and 8 patients (42.1%) a partial response. The presence of positive lymph node at the time of consultation of RT was associated with lower OS (p = 0.043). In multivariate analysis, PFS was significantly lower for patients with increased previous therapies experienced following RT (p = 0.019) and for patients showing PR during RT (p = 0.044). There were no reported grade 3 or more skin toxicities related with RT. Conclusion: Both IFRT and TSEBT are effective treatment for MF patients. Patients with short disease course before RT or complete response during RT are expected to have longer PFS. Positive lymph node status at the initiation of RT was associated woth poor OS, suggesting other treatment modalities such as low-dose RT for patients with low life-expectancy.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.929-934
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• 2016

Plasma technology has long been regarded as a key essential tool in many industrial and technological sectors. However, the advancement of plasma technology in marine applications has not been fully realized yet. Herein, we present a short overview on the recent trends in utilization of plasma technology for air-pollution treatment in marine diesel exhaust. Four non-thermal plasma system, including electron beam dry scrubber (EBDS), dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), electron beam-microwave (EB-MW) plasma hybrid system, and plasma-catalytic hybrid system, are described with emphasis on their efficiency in removals of $NO_x$ and $SO_x$ gases. Non-thermal plasma has the great potential to be an efficient and environmentally compatible technique in simultaneous removals of $NO_x$ and $SO_x$ gases from the exhaust of marine diesel engine in the future.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.641-649
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 3D 프린팅 기술을 활용하여 제작한 차폐체의 성능을 비교 분석하여, 고에너지 전자선 치료 시 차폐체로서의 적용 가능성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 고에너지 전자선에 대한 3D 프린팅 재료의 차폐성능 평가를 위해 실측과 몬테카를로 기반의 모의실험을 수행하였다. 첫 번째, 모의실험에 대한 신뢰성 확보를 위해 IAEA의 TRS-398 권고를 참조하여 선원항 평가를 수행하였다. 두 번째, PLA+W (93%) 재료에 대한 차폐 성능 분석을 위해 3D 프린터를 이용하여 시편을 제작하였고, 전자선 에너지에 따른 두께별 차폐율을 평가하였다. 세 번째, PLA+W (93%)와 기존 차폐체 간 차폐 성능 비교 분석을 통해 전자선 치료 시 필요한 차폐 두께를 산정하였다. 연구 결과, 첫 번째, 실측과 모의실험을 통한 선원항 평가 결과, 1% 이내의 오차로 TRS-398 권고를 만족하여 모의실험에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 두 번째, PLA+W (93%)에 대한 차폐 성능 분석 결과, 6 MeV 전자선은 3.12 mm에서 95% 이상의 차폐율을 나타냈고, 15 MeV 전자선은 10 mm 두께에서 90% 이상의 차폐율을 나타내었다. 세 번째, 모의실험을 통해 PLA+W (93%) 재료와 기존 차폐체 간 비교 분석을 통해 동일 두께 내에서 텅스텐, 납, 구리, PLA+W (93%), 알루미늄 순서로 차폐율이 높은 결과를 나타내었으며, 6 MeV 전자선은 5 mm 이상, 15 MeV 전자선은 10 mm 이상 두께에서 거의 유사한 차폐율을 나타내었다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 고에너지 전자선 치료 시 PLA+W (93%) 재료를 이용한 환자의 맞춤형 차폐체 제작을 위한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.