• 제목/요약/키워드: electrolyte concentration

검색결과 685건 처리시간 0.027초

유기첨가제에 의한 전기도금 니켈-구리 박막의 물성변화 (Property Change by Organic Additives in Electroplated Nickel-copper Thin Films)

  • 이정주;홍기민
    • 한국자기학회지
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.198-201
    • /
    • 2005
  • 전기도금 방법으로 제작된 니켈과 니켈-구리 합금박막에 미치는 유기첨가제(organic additive)의 영향을 조사하였다. 유기첨가제를 가하여 도금하는 니켈 박막의 경우 순수한 전해액만을 이용하여 도금한 박막과는 다른 결정성을 갖는다 도금조건을 일정하게 한 후 니켈-구리의 합금 박막용 전해액에 유기첨가제를 가하면 구리와 니켈의 조성비율이 변화하는데 유기첨가제의 성분과 농도에 따라 니켈의 함유율이 $65\~95\%$ 영역에서 조절이 가능하다. 유기첨가제에 의한 이러한 물성의 변화는 자성의 변화를 유도하여 도금 박막의 자기저항의 증가와 감소에도 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.

음이온/비이온 혼합 계면활성제 용액에서의 고형오구의 세척성 (Detergency of Particulate Soil in Anion/Nonionic Surfactant Mixed Solution)

  • 강인숙
    • 한국의류산업학회지
    • /
    • 제13권5호
    • /
    • pp.790-796
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study was designed to investigate the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil under various solutions. The detergency of the particulate soil was determined by adhesion of particle to fabric and its removal from fabric separately. The PET fabric and ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$were used as materials of textile and model of particulate soil, respectively. The detergency was investigated as a function of surfactants concentration, ionic strength, kinds of electrolyte and mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant in different ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture. Although some deviations exist, the adhesion of particle to fabric generally increased with decreasing its removal from fabric. The detergency of particulate soil on PET fabric was relatively higher in anionic/nonionic surfactant mixed solution than in each single surfactant solution, but the influence of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture on detergency of particulate soil was low. Generally the detergency of particulate soil on fabric was at its maximum at 0.1% surfactant concentration, $1{\times}10^{-3}$ ionic strength, $Na_5P_3O_{10}$ electrolytes and 10 mole numbers of oxyethylene ether of nonionic surfactant, regardless of ratio of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture.

수소연료 생산의 효율향상을 위한 초음파응용에 관한 연구(용액과 농도 중심으로) (A Study on the Ultrasonic Application for the Efficiency Elevation of the Hydrogen Fuel Production (On solution and concentration))

  • 송민근;이상범;손승우;주은선
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
    • /
    • 제12권2호
    • /
    • pp.129-136
    • /
    • 2001
  • An investigation on the A/V(ampere/volt) gradient according to the concentration and the kind of solution in a electrolyzer is carried out to obtain the basic data on the ultrasonic application for the efficiency elevation of the hydrogen fuel production. KOH is selected as an electrolyte and concentrations are 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The solutions are city water, city water with nitrogen. distilled water and distilled water with nitrogen. The Electrochemical analyzer(BAS Co.) is used as a measuring device to observe the A/V gradient. And the limit of volt is from -3000mV to +3000mV. The 28kHz magnetic transducer is selected to give them ultrasonic forcing. In results, it is clarified that ultrasonic influences the A/V gradient in the electrolytic solution.

  • PDF

Application of Neural Networks in Aluminum Corrosion

  • Powers, John;Ali, M. Masoom
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
    • /
    • 제11권2호
    • /
    • pp.157-172
    • /
    • 2000
  • Metal containers represent a situation where a specific metal is exposed to a wide variety of electrolytes of varying degrees of corrosivity. For example, hundreds, if not thousands of different products are packaged in an aluminum beverage can. These products vary in pH, chloride concentration and other natural or artificial ingredients which can effect the type and severity of potential corrosion. Both localized (perforation) and uniform corrosion (metal dissolution without the onset of pitting) may occur in the can. A quick test or series of tests which could predict the propensity towards both types of corrosion would be useful to the manufacturer. Electrochemical noise data is used to detect the onset and continuation of pitting corrosion. Specific noise parameters such as the noise resistance (the potential noise divided by the current noise) have been used to both detect pitting corrosion and also to estimate the pitting severity. The utility of noise resistance and other electrochemical parameters has been explored through the application of artificial neural networks. The versatility of artificial neural networks is further demonstrated by combing electrochemical data with electrolyte properties such as pH and chloride concentration to predict both the severity of both localized and uniform corrosion.

  • PDF

Preparation and Characterization of Proton Conducting Composite Membranes From P(VDF-CTFE)-g-PSPMA Graft Copolymer and Heteropolyacid

  • Seo, Jin-Ah;Roh, Dong-Kyu;Koh, Jong-Kwan;Kim, Jong-Hak
    • Korean Membrane Journal
    • /
    • 제10권1호
    • /
    • pp.20-25
    • /
    • 2008
  • Proton conducting composite membranes were prepared by solution blending of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-graft-poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) (P(VDF-CTFE)-g-PSPMA) graft copolymer and heteropolyacid (HPA). The P(VDF-CTFE)-g-PSPMA graft copolymer was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using direct initiation of the secondary chlorines of P(VDF-CTFE). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that HPA nanoparticles were incorporated into the graft copolymer via hydrogen bonding interactions. The water uptake of membranes continuously decreased with increasing HP A concentration up to 45wt%, after which it slightly increased. It is presumably due to the decrease in number of water absorption sites due to hydrogen bonding interaction between the HP A particles and the polymer matrix. The proton conductivity of membranes increased with increasing HPA concentration up to 45wt%, resulting from both the intrinsic conductivity of HP A particles and the enhanced acidity of the sulfonic acid of the graft copolymer.

자발성(自發性) 고혈압백서(高血壓白鼠)에서 고추(Capsici fructus)의 장기투여(長期投與)가 혈액상(血液像) 및 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Capsici fructus on Blood Figures and Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats)

  • 최시현;고상돈;신홍기;김기순
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.13-21
    • /
    • 1983
  • The present study was undertaken to investigate effect of feeding hot pepper on the blood pressure and blood figures in SHR. Also studied were effect of hot pepper on plasma electrolyte concentration as well as blood sugar level. Twentytwo SHR at age of 15 weeks were divided into control and CF administered group. And in experimental group hot pepper (1 gm/kg/day) was administered into stomach of each animal by gastric intubation for 8 weeks. The results obtained are as follows: 1) On a day before starting experiment blood pressure(systolic) of the control and CF group were respectively $196.7{\pm}4.7\;mmHg$ and $197.4{\pm}3.9\;mmHg$ while it changed to $207.4{\pm}4.8\;mmHg$ and $227.5{\pm}4.2\;mmHg$ respectively on the last day of experiment. Comparing blood pressures of two groups a significant, though not remarkable, difference was observed. 2) No significant differences in blood figures(RBC, WBC, Hct, and Hb level), concentration of plasma electrolytes($Na^+$ and $K^+$)and blood sugar level were found between control and experimental group.

  • PDF

Chiral Separation of ${\beta}_2$-Agonists by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Hydroxypropyl-${\alpha}$-Cyclodextrin as a Chiral Selector

  • Kim, Kyeon-Ho;Kim, Hyu-Ju;Jeun, Eu-Young;Seo, San-Hun;Hong, Seon-Pyo;Kang, Jong-Seong;Youm, Jeong-Rok;Lee, Sang-Cheal
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • 제24권4호
    • /
    • pp.281-285
    • /
    • 2001
  • Enantiomers of five racemic ${\beta}_2$-agonists were investigated by capillary electrophoresis employing a hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HP-${\beta}$-CD). The effects of the concentration of HP-${\beta}$-CD added to the background electrolyte and of the pH of the buffer on the effective mobility and resolution of the studied compounds were examined. Very good resolution was achieved for terbutaline and clenbuterol; salbutamol and bambuterol was able to be partially resolved. Enantioselectivity and resolution were influenced by the concentration of the HP-7-CD, buffer composition and pH.

  • PDF

NaBH4를 이용한 수소발생반응의 촉매에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation Reaction Using NaBH4 Solution)

  • 정성욱;조은애;오인환;홍성안;김성현;서용교
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.114-121
    • /
    • 2003
  • Hydrogen generation system using aqueous $NaBH_4$ solution was developed for feeding small polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Ru was selected as a catalyst with its high activity for the hydrogen generation reaction. Hydrogen generation rate was measured with changing the solution temperature, amount of catalyst loading, $NaBH_4$ concentration, and NaOH (a base-stabilizer) concentration. A passive air-breathing 2 W PEMFC stack was operated on hydrogen generated using $20wt%\;NaBH_4+5wt%$ NaOH solution and Ru catalyst.

하이드로퀴논 전해질 중간체에 의한 염료-수화젤 기반 태양전지 효율 향상 (Improvement of Dye-Hydrogel Based Photovoltaics via Hydroquinone Electrolyte Mediators)

  • 구형준
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
    • /
    • 제27권5호
    • /
    • pp.540-546
    • /
    • 2016
  • Besides high-efficient photovoltaics based on silicon, polymers, dye-sensitization and hybrid perovskite materials, biomimetic solar cells inspired by a leaf in nature has also been actively studied. As one example, a hydrogel based photovoltaics (HGPV) is a low-cost, environmentally friendly device and requires easy fabrication process. In this paper, the effect of hydroquinone additive on the performance of the HGPV is discussed. The photocurrent increases ~14 times upon the addition of hydroquinone into the agarose hydrogel medium. The photocurrent increase is maximum at the optimum dye concentration, while the photovoltage is barely affected by the dye concentration. The effect of the agarose content in the hydrogel and the types of dyes on the photocurrent is also investigated. Finally, it is shown that the photovoltaic performance of HGPV with hydroquinone can be drastically improved when $TiO_2$ film is deposited on the anode electrode.

Effect of [Al(DMSO2)3]3+ Concentration on Al Electrodeposition from AlCl3/Dimethylsulfone Baths

  • Kim, Sangjae;Matsunaga, Naoya;Kuroda, Kensuke;Okido, Masazumi
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제9권1호
    • /
    • pp.69-77
    • /
    • 2018
  • Aluminum electrodeposition was carried out in dimethylsulfone ($DMSO_2$) baths containing 6.2-28.3 mol% $AlCl_3$ at 403 K. The electrochemically active species for Al electrodeposition in $DMSO_2$ baths were investigated. Electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte and the deposition mechanism were studied via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Properties of the deposits were assessed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, structures of the ionic complexes formed with aluminum in the bath were characterized by $^{27}Al$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectra revealed that all baths contained two ionic species: $AlCl_4{^-}$ and $[Al(DMSO_2)_3]^{3+}$. Al electrodeposited when the $[Al(DMSO_2)_3]^{3+}$ concentration was the highest (23.3 mol% $AlCl_3$) exhibited fine grain sizes, relatively smooth surfaces, and high purities.