• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.187-195
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• 2022

WO₃ thin films were synthesized by electrodeposition, and their electrochromic properties were investigated. The application of static voltage produced WO₃ films with a smooth, compact surface morphology, and the film thickness linearly increased with the application time. The thicker film showed a strong color contrast but a slow color-switching speed. High-temperature heat treatment exceeding 300 ℃ induced a phase transformation from an amorphous to a monoclinic structure and resulted in degraded electrochromic performance. Furthermore, the optimized WO₃ thin films demonstrated their potential application as electrochromic boards for writing and erasing letters using a simple modified 3D printer in a rapid, accurate process