• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

Recently, the popularization of personal mobility(PM) has made it possible to see many electric scooters. The energy source of personal transportation used by the general public and the disabled can be seen as environmentally friendly as electricity. Personal transportation means are divided into small electric vehicles because they use electric energy, and they are being treated as new models by automobile manufacturers in each country and spurring development. On the other hand, personal transportation means may cause various types of traffic accidents as they travel between roads and a human walk. In order to prevent such accidents, it is judged that the enactment of laws on the establishment of specifications for electric scooters, which are personal transportation means, and the method of restricting road operation should be given priority. The electric scooter is basically different from the conventional vehicle. The steering shaft of the steering system applied to the electric scooter one to two is possible. 1 to 2 the front-wheel under the steering column is used. It is classified according to the number of wheel installed at the electric scooter is the vehicle body into 2 wheel - electric scooter, and 3 wheel - electric scooter and 4 wheel - electric scooter. In this study, we propose a steering shaft design model that can be applied to an electric scooter, one of personal transportation means. A design model for 1-shaft steering and 2-shafts steering that can be applied to electric scooters is proposed. In addition, we have produced the prototypes for the commercialization of the proposed models, and reviewed the pros and cons of the manufactured prototypes and models.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2307-2316
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• 2017

The aim of this paper is to provide an optimal design of in-wheel motor for an electric scooter (E-scooter) considering economical production. The preliminary development in-wheel motor, which has a direct-driven outer rotor type attached to the E-scooter's rear wheel without any gear, is introduced first. The objective of the optimal design of this in-wheel motor is to improve the output characteristics of the motor and to have a stator form to facilitate automatic winding. Response surface methodology was used for the optimal design and 2-dimensional finite element method was used for electro-magnetic field analysis. Experimental results showed that the designed and fabricated in-wheel motor could satisfy the required specifications in terms of speed, power, efficiency, and cogging torque.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.219-221
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• 2002

This paper presents an electric scooter development using blushless DC motor. In recent scooters was to develop for sport leisure and short transportation. Most of scooter are used petroleum gas. This gas scooter has disadvantage to pollute the air. Some of scooters have developed by DC motor which require a brush. However brushless motors have higher maximum speed and greater capacity, save maintenance labour and produce less noise. There is also greater freedom in planing the usage of brushless motors. In this paper we develop an electric scooter driving BLDC motor for design smart system and control speed of scooter with current reference signal to apply voltage to motor by means of three phase inverter. Using accelerator device we generate current reference to control speed and send the current to a MICOM by A/D converter. This MICOM produces the voltage signal and hall sensors signal and PWM controller drive three phase inverter to minimize error between the reference and an actual current.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.674-684
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• 2011

More and more elderly and disabled people are using electric scooters instead of electric wheelchairs because of higher mobility. However, people with high levels of impairment or the elderly still have difficulties in driving the electric scooters safely. Semi-autonomous electric scooter system is one of the solutions for the safety: Either manual driving or autonomous driving can be used selectively. In this paper, we implement a semi-autonomous electric scooter system with functions of localization and path following. In order to recognize the pose of electric scooter in outdoor environments, we design an outdoor localization system based on the extended Kalman filter using DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) and wheel encoders. We added an accelerometer to make the localization system adaptable to road condition. Also we propose a path following algorithm using two arcs with current pose of the electric scooter and a given path in the map. Simulation results are described to show that the proposed algorithms provide the ability to drive an electric scooter semi-autonomously. Finally, we conduct outdoor experiments to reveal the practicality of the proposed system.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

This paper proposes a new design method for electric scooter which can maximize the power efficiency at the given driving condition. The proposed method is designed with the electric and mechanical parameters and driving dynamics. These values are extracted from the dynamic and mathematical equations of the scooter. For validation, numerical simulation results are presented in this paper. As a result, the scooter achieved over 80% efficiency at 360 rpm at 1.42kw load. It is clear that the proposed method was verified through a 1.42kw numerical model.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze service improvement and success factors of electric scooter sharing service companies by using text mining after collecting reviews of shared electric scooter service applications among various models of sharing economy. In this study, the factors of satisfaction and dissatisfaction of service users were identified using the term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) technique, and topics for each keyword were extracted using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) Topic Modeling technique. According to the analysis results, the main topics were entertainment, safety, service area, application complaints, use complaints, convenience, and mobility. Using the analysis results of this study, employees and researchers of electric scooter sharing service companies will be able to contribute to the improvement and success of related services.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

With the emergence of the words Personal Mobility (P.M.) or Smart Mobility (S.M.), which are terms for personal transportation, the activities of related technologies are increasing with the research. Personal transportation is basically used as a short distance transportation method using electrical energy. As personal mobility became more popular, the resulting products and studies are spreading throughout the country. Most of the electric scooters, which are personal vehicles, are mostly imported from China. This is due to the fact that the price competitiveness of major components of electric scooters is owned in China. At this point, the domestic research direction is considered to be desirable in terms of composition and design of the electric scooter body. In this study, the models of portable electric scooters according to the number of wheels mounted on portable electric scooters were presented and the prototypes were produced accordingly. The number of wheels applied to the electric scooter was 2 and 3 and 4; the contents and advantages and disadvantages of the proposed portable electric scooter models were reviewed.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1578-1585
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• 2018

This work investigates two different motor drive technologies, switched reluctance motor (SRM) and induction motor (IM). They are designed optimally to meet the desired performances for electric scooters. The comparison of both motors is described in terms of performances and material cost. With the similar constraint, induction motor performs slightly better than switched reluctance motor. But this must be traded-off with higher weight and cost. Both drive systems are, however, suitable for electric scooter application. Finally, the range simulations are conducted on a European urban driving cycle, ECE15 driving cycle and a more realistic cycle, Bangkok driving cycle. The e-scooter ranges are varied from 36 to 109 km depending on driving cycle, motor technology and number of passengers.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1008-1027
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• 2014

An electric scooter with a V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has a lot of nonlinear and time-varying characteristics, and accurate dynamic models are difficult to establish for linear controller designs. A PMSM servo-drive electric scooter controlled by a novel hybrid modified recurrent Legendre neural network (NN) control system is proposed to solve difficulties of linear controllers under the occurrence of nonlinear load disturbances and parameters variations. Firstly, the system structure of a V-belt CVT driven electric scooter using a PMSM servo drive is established. Secondly, the novel hybrid modified recurrent Legendre NN control system, which consists of an inspector control, a modified recurrent Legendre NN control with an adaptation law, and a recouped control with an estimation law, is proposed to improve its performance. Moreover, the on-line parameter tuning method of the modified recurrent Legendre NN is derived according to the Lyapunov stability theorem and the gradient descent method. Furthermore, two optimal learning rates for the modified recurrent Legendre NN are derived to speed up the parameter convergence. Finally, comparative studies are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme through experimental results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1388-1392
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• 2013

전동스쿠터는 수명이 짧고 효율이 낮은 직류 모터를 사용하고 있으며, 모터를 제어하기 위한 시스템을 일률적으로 수입하여 장착하고 있어 제품의 차별화가 없고 다양한 특성을 갖는 장애인에 맞는 제품을 디자인 할 수 없는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 장애인용 전동스쿠터에 특화시켜 가격은 저렴하면서도 반영구적인 수명 그리고 고출력의 특징을 갖는 BLDC 모터 제어시스템을 개발하였다. 특히, 국내 외 업체에서 생산되고 있는 전동스쿠터와는 차별화된 고출력, 고효율 전동스쿠터 제어시스템를 개발함으로써 국내산 전동스쿠터의 기술대비 가격 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 관련 산업의 활성화에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.