• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.169-175
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• 2014

In this paper, the evaluating test methods of the fire and the electric shock on the Electric pad using the house is proposed. We analyzed electric pad using magnetic shielded type hot wire because electric pad using the magnetic shielded type hot wire generally be used in the home. We analyzed FMEA in order to analyze the mechanism of the fire and the electric shock of the electric pad and designed testing methods (Durability tests on the environment, Mechanical durability tests, Electrical durability tests) obtained through the two-step QFD and tested. We verified the evaluating test methods of the fire and the electric shock on the Electric pad using the house through the analysis of the test results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

This paper describes electrical fire on electric pad caused by defect of hot wires. We analyzed two type electric pad using by carbon type hot wire and magnetic shielded type hot wire. First, a carbon type hot wires electric pad is virtually impossible to connect hot wire as a method of electrical welding or soldering. In order to connect between hot wires, that has to splice carbon type material connector. If junction of hot wires was occurrence of poor connection on electric pad, it increase contact resistance on this junction point. With increasing contact resistance, junction of hot wires on electric pad generates local heating and finally leads to electrical fire. An electric pad using by a magnetic shielded type hot wire happened local heating on signal wire for sensing temperature-rise caused by applying current for magnetic shielded. With increasing local heating of signal wire, insulated coating of hot wire was melted. Finally the magnetic shielded type hot wire electric pad lead to electrical fire with breakdown between signal wire and hot wire. In this paper, we analyzed shape of damage in hot wire caused by electrical local heating and investigated fire cause on electric pad due to defect of hot wires.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.104-108
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• 2010

This paper describes electrical fire on electric pad using carbon type hot wires. A carbon type hot wires electric pad is virtually impossible to connect hot wire as a method of electrical welding or soldering. In order to connect between hot wires, that has to splice carbon type material connector. If junction of hot wires was occurrence of poor connection on electric pad, it increase contact resistance on this junction point. With increasing contact resistance, junction of hot wires on electric pad generates local heating and finally leads to electrical fire. In this paper, we analyzed shape of damage in hot wires caused by electrical local heating and investigated fire cause on electric pad using by carbon type hot wires.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.63
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

This study presents analysis of fire hazard of electrical heating pad. In order to analyze fire hazard fire experimental and flammability experiment is conducted. The fire experiment is conducted to simulate normal condition and abnormal condition such as breakdown of thermostat. Vertical burning test(UL 94) is conducted for the fire retardant experiment. Kinds of electric heating pad used for experiment are electric mat, fabric pad, vinyl pad. The results show that fire hazard is high in case of breakdown of thermostat with the rating voltage supply. And Material of electric heating pad has not fire retardant performance.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an electric heating pad on abdominal pain and anxiety during the colonoscopy procedure. Method: Data were collected from 70 adult patients (experimental group (35), control group (35)) who underwent colonoscopy in a general hospital in Seoul, South Korea between January 6 and May 4 2006. For the experimental group the electric heating pad was applied from 20 minutes before the test through the whole procedure. Objective pain was measured during the test, and subjective pain, state anxiety, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured after the procedure. Results: The experimental group with the electric heating pad reported significantly lower subjective pain and anxiety than did the control group. There were no significant differences in objective pain between experimental and control groups. Patients with an electric heating pad showed significantly lower systolic and diastolic pressure than did those in the control group. There was no significant difference in pulse rate between the groups. Conclusion: Use of an electric heating pad was efficient in reducing subjective pain and anxiety among patients undergoing colonoscopy. This is a convenient and useful nursing intervention to reduce anxiety and pain among patients having a colonoscopy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.455-463
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• 2022

This study proposes a receiving pad identification coil for wireless charging of electric vehicles. The proposed coil identifies the shape of the receiving pad through magnetic coupling with the receiving pad. Therefore, the shape of the coil is designed to show the different magnetic properties of each receiving pad. The accuracy of this design is verified through finite element method simulation. Furthermore, the operation method of the secondary pad identification circuit is described, and the appropriate magnitude and length of the pulse voltage applied to this circuit for receiving pad identification are derived through simulation. The performance of the proposed identification coil set is verified by the experimental results.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 1996

In the present study, mouse follicular oocytes and 2-cell embryos(late -zygote stage embryos included) were cultured on the electric pad for electric stimulation in the culture incubator. In addition, follicular oocytes and embryos were tested for maturation and development under higher temperature condition($39^{\circ}C$).Mouse follicular oocyte maturation were not affected by anion electric stimulation and there is no significant difference in GBVD and MI between the control and experiment group after 4hr culture. In the embryo culture, it was found that more morula and blastocyst were found in the electric stimulation group rather than the control(96hr). This may seem to be caused with cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ transient rise by electric stimulation(anion pad). On the other hand higher temperature incubation ($39^{\circ}C$) on the anion pad caused all the embryos degenerated within $12h{\sim}24hr$ culture. This was quite different from large animal embryos(bovine, pig, sheep), in which beneficial effect of high temperature incubation for oocyte maturation and embryo development were found.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2014

The automotive industry is moving from the internal combustion engine to electric drive motors. Electric motors uses a high voltage system requiring the development of resources and components to shield the system. Therefore, in this study, we analyze electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) characteristics of an auto crash pad according to the ratio of electrically conductive materials and propylene. In order to combine good mechanical characteristics and electromagnetic shielding of the automotive crash pad, metal-coated glass fiber (MGF) manufacturing methods are introduced and compared with powder-type methods. Through this study, among MGF methods, we suggest that the chopping method is the most effective shielding method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2017

A railway track generates severe levels of vibrations. In order to reduce these vibrations and to provide structural stability, various rail pads, mats, etc., are used for vibration protection. In this study, a specially designed rail pad was developed to reduce vibration and to generate electric power simultaneously, that is, by using the vibrations generated by railway cars on the track. The newly developed rail pads were tested to evaluate the characteristics of electric power by investigating the generated voltage and the current levels and patterns. In addition, we proposed an optimal laminated structure and adhesive by comparing the voltage generated by each type of adhesive required for optimal adhesion of the rail pad and the piezoelectric device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.171-175
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• 2001

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) process has been widely used to planarize dielectrics and metal, which can apply to employed in integrated circuits for sub-micron technology. Despite the increased use of CMP process, it is difficult to accomplish the global planarization of free-defects in inter level dielectrics and metal. Especially, defects like (micro-scratch) lead to severe circuit failure, and affects yield. Current conditioning method - bladder type, orbital pad motion - usually provides unsuitable pad profile during ex-situ conditioning near the end of pad life. Since much of the pad wear occurs by the mechanism of bladder tripe conditioning and its orbital motion without rotation, we need to implement new ex-situ conditioner which can prevent abnormal regional force on pad caused by bladder-type and also need to rotate the pad during conditioning. Another important study of ADPC is related to the orbital scratch of which source is assumed as diamond grit dropped from the strip during ex-situ conditioning. Scratch from diamond grit damaged wafer severely so usual1y scraped. Figure 1 shows the typical shape of scratch damaged from diamond. We suspected that intensive forces to the edge area of bladder type stripper accelerated the drop of Diamond grit during conditioning, so new designed Flat stripper was introduced.