• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

We conduct a series of fretting corrosion tests on tin-coated electric contact to evaluate the effects of lubricant on fretting corrosion behavior. We perform these tests with a constant contact force at 25℃ 50℃, 75°C, and 100℃. In the tests with a span amplitude of 30 μm, we could not determine the conventional behavior of the first, second, and third stages of the change in electric resistance during fretting corrosion and observed that the contact resistance continuously increases with the cycles. This behavior is due to the fact that the generation of oxides on the tin-coated contact is controlled and stabilized by the presence of lubricant. SEM observations on samples with a span amplitude of 77 μm at all testing temperatures confirm that there is less oxide debris on the fretting damaged surface. Hence, for tin-coated electric connector, the effect of lubrication on the lifetime of the electric contact increases as the fretting span decreases and testing temperature increases, compared to those for connector without lubricant. Especially, for a specimen with a span amplitude of 30 μm at 100℃, the increment in contact lifetime due to lubricant is found to be more than 20 times, compared to that without lubricant.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2013

We have described primary studies on conductivity and molecular weight of polyaniline separately in the electric and magnetic fields when it is used in a field effect experimental configuration. We report further studies on doped in-situ deposited polyaniline. First we have chemically synthesized polyaniline by ammonium peroxodisulfate in acidic aques and organic solutions at different times. Then we measured mass and conductivity and obtained the best time of polymerizations. In continue, we repeated these reactions separately under different electric and magnetic fields in constant time and measured mass and conductivity. The polyaniline is characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-Visible spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. High molecular weight polyanilines are synthesized under electric field, $M_w$ = 520000-680000 g/mol, with $M_w/M_n$ = 2-2.5. The UV-Visible spectra of polyanilines oxidized by ammonium peroxodisulfate and protonated with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANi-DBSA), in N-methylpyrolidone (NMP), show a smeared polaron peak shifted into the visible. Electrical conductivity of polyanilines has been studied by four-probe method. The conductivity of the films of emeraldine protonated by DBSA cast from NMP are higher than 500 and 25 S/cm under 10 KV/m of potential) electric field and 0.1 T magnetic field, respectively. It shows an enhanced resistance to ageing too. By the next steps, we carried chemical polymerization at the best electric and magnetic fields at different times. Finally, resulted in finding the best time and amount of the fields. The longer polymerization time and the higher magnetic field can lead to degradation of polyaniline films and decrease conductivity and molecular mass.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 다단계 전기화학적 반응기를 이용하여 환원제의 투입, 전극의 종류, 수리학적 체류시간(HRT : Hydraulic Retention Time) 및 전류밀도 변화에 따른 질산성질소의 제거효율을 살펴보았다. 실험결과, 환원제 투입은 질산성질소 제거효율을 증가시켰으며 에너지투입량은 감소시켰다. 전극종류를 변화시켰을 경우, 질산성질소 제거효율 및 전류효율의 차이는 거의 없었으나 Zn 환원제의 회수를 위해 B-type(1단 : Pt-Zn, 2단 : Pt-Zn, 3단 : Pt-Zn, 4단 : Pt-Zn)을 선정하였다. 수리학적 체류시간 변화실험에서는 수리학적 체류시간과 무관하게 동일전류밀도를 공급한 실험과 수리학적 체류시간 변화에 따른 전류밀도 변화 실험 즉, 단위부피당 동일 전류량 공급 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 수리학적 체류시간과 전류밀도 변화에 의해 농도분극현상과 적용전류량의 부족현상이 발생하게 된다. 즉 수리학적 체류시간이 감소할수록 농도분극현상은 감소하지만 단위 부피당 적용전류량이 부족하게 된다. 따라서 수리학적 체류시간과 전류밀도 실험을 통해 적절한 운전조건을 도출할 수 있으며, 내부 스페이서의 설치로 확산을 증가시킬 경우 질소제거효율 및 에너지효율이 증가될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.771-776
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• 2004

Zr을 $8\%$ 첨가한 BZT 세라믹스를 종결정과 소재봉으로 사용하여 floating zone technique법으로 $Ba(Zr_{0.08}Ti_{0.92})O_3$ 다결정을 성장하였다. 열처리 효과를 알아보기 위하여 성장한 결정의 일부를 떼어내어 $1,200^{\circ}C$에서 10시간동안 산소 분위기에서 열처리하였다. $-100^{\circ}C$에서 $+150^{\circ}C$ 온도 영역에서 유전상수 및 유전손실을 10kHz, 100kHz, 그리고 1 MHz에서 측정하여 성장 결정의 유전특성을 알아보았다. 상온($27^{\circ}C$)과 저온($-73^{\circ}C$)에서 직류전장(-15kV/cm$\le$E$\le$15kV/cm)을 인가하면서 유전상수의 변화를 10kHz와 100kHz에서 측정함으로써 유전상수의 전장의존성을 알아보았다. 산소 열처리는 상온에서 10kHz의 튜너빌리티를 $47.5\%$에서 $51\%$로, 그리고 성능지수를 39.6에서 46.4로 향상시키었다. 바이어스 직류전장을 15kV/cm 이상 인가하면 성능지수가 46.4 이상으로 향상될 수 있으므로 이 물질이 마이크로파 전장 조절 소자에 응용될 수 있는 가능성이 있다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2002

This paper proposes a sensorless drive of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. In general EMF is used to calculate the current of Permanet Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM). However the current has a lag component by a time constant. So it is difficult to directly calculate a position angle. To estimate the position using the current without a lag component in this paper, the controller calculates the motor current by using a superposition principle in the equivalent circuit and then compensates lag component with a time constant of the motor. Therefore the estimated motor current without a lag compoent can be obtained and it is used to calculate the rotor position indirectly. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, experimental results are shown in detail.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2023-2032
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• 1993

This study suggests a new type shaft generating system driven by hydrostatic transmission suitable for small size vessels. Since the shaft generating system is affected ceaselessly by disturbances such as speed variation in pump driving speed and variation in external load, a robust servo control must be implemented to obtain stable electric power with constant frequency. Thus, in this study, a digital robust servo control algorithm is applied to the controller design. By the experiment and the numerical computation, the frequency variation characteristics of the generating system under various disturbances are investigated. Conclusively, it is said that the shaft generating system proposed in this study shows excellent control performances.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2014

This paper proposes a maximum torque operation strategy for the direct torque control of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM). The proposed method analyzes the available operation region of the stator flux of the SPMSM under voltage and current constraints. Based on this analysis, the optimal stator flux trajectory that yields the maximum torque is obtained across the entire operation region, including constant torque and constant power regions. The proposed strategy is also applicable in the flux-weakening region II operation of the SPMSM, which has no speed limit. The validity of the proposed method is verified through experiments conducted on an 800 W SPMSM drive system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2008

Nanostructured materials are attracting increased interest and application. Exciting perspectives may be offered by electrical insulation. Epoxy/Organoclay nanocomposites may find new and upgraded applications in the electrical industry, replacing conventional insulation to provide improved performances in electric power apparatus, e.g, high voltage motor/generator stator winding insulation, dry mold transformer, etc. In the paper work, the electrical and thermal properties of epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites materials were studied. The electrical insulation characteristics were analyzed through the permittivity characteristics. by analyzing the permittivity spectra, it was found that dielectric constant becomes smaller with increase frequency and becomes larger with increase temperature. This indicates restriction of molecular motion and strong bonds at the epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites. The morphology of nanocomposites obtained was examined using TEM and X-ray diffraction. It has been shown that the presence of polar groups leads to an increased gallery distance and partial exfoliation. Nevertheless, full exfoliation of clay platelets has not been achieved.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1991

This study suggests a new type shaft generator driven by hydraulic power suitable for small size vessels. Since the shaft generator system is very easy to be affected by disturbances such as speed variation of main engine and load variation of the generator, a robust servo control must be implemented to obtain stable electric power with constant frequency. Thus, in this study two types of controller design method-the reference following optimal control method and robust servo control method-are adopted to the controller design. In the experiment, static and dynamic characteristics of the shaft generator system according to the variation of input frequency setting, the speed variation of the pump and the load variation of the generator are investigated. From the considerations on the computer simulation results and experimental results, it is ascertained that the shaft generator system proposed in this study has good control performances.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제4A권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

The model of a power system with load dynamics is studied by investigating qualitative changes in its behavior as the reactive power demand at a load bus is increased. The load is created using induction motors parallel with the constant power and constant impedance load. As the load increases, the system experiences various bifurcations such as sub critical and supercritical Hopf, period-doubling and saddle-node bifurcation. The latter may lead the system to voltage collapse. A nonlinear controller is used to control the subcritical Hopf bifurcation and hence mitigate voltage collapse. It is applied to the KEPCO (Korean Electric Power Company) system to demonstrate its validity.