Advances in materials Research

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A novel preparation of polyaniline in presence electric and magnetic fields

  • Hosseini, Seyed Hossein (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Gohari, S. Jamal (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University)
  • Received : 2013.03.20
  • Accepted : 2013.11.07
  • Published : 2013.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We have described primary studies on conductivity and molecular weight of polyaniline separately in the electric and magnetic fields when it is used in a field effect experimental configuration. We report further studies on doped in-situ deposited polyaniline. First we have chemically synthesized polyaniline by ammonium peroxodisulfate in acidic aques and organic solutions at different times. Then we measured mass and conductivity and obtained the best time of polymerizations. In continue, we repeated these reactions separately under different electric and magnetic fields in constant time and measured mass and conductivity. The polyaniline is characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-Visible spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. High molecular weight polyanilines are synthesized under electric field, $M_w$ = 520000-680000 g/mol, with $M_w/M_n$ = 2-2.5. The UV-Visible spectra of polyanilines oxidized by ammonium peroxodisulfate and protonated with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANi-DBSA), in N-methylpyrolidone (NMP), show a smeared polaron peak shifted into the visible. Electrical conductivity of polyanilines has been studied by four-probe method. The conductivity of the films of emeraldine protonated by DBSA cast from NMP are higher than 500 and 25 S/cm under 10 KV/m of potential) electric field and 0.1 T magnetic field, respectively. It shows an enhanced resistance to ageing too. By the next steps, we carried chemical polymerization at the best electric and magnetic fields at different times. Finally, resulted in finding the best time and amount of the fields. The longer polymerization time and the higher magnetic field can lead to degradation of polyaniline films and decrease conductivity and molecular mass.

Keywords

References

  1. Andrei, O.E. and Bica, I. (2009), "Some mechanisms concerning the electrical conductivity of magnetorheological suspensions in magnetic field", J. Ind. Eng.Chem., 15, 573-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2009.01.015
  2. Angelopoulos, M., Liao, Y.H., Furman, B. and Graham, T. (1996), "LiCl induced morphological changes in polyaniline base and their effect on the electronic properties of the doped form", Macromolecules, 29, 3046-3050. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma951647k
  3. Buchachenko, A.L. (2000), "Mechanism of $Fe(OH)_2$ (aq) photolysis in aqueous solution", Pure Appl. Chem., 72, 2243-2248. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200072122243
  4. Fang, F.F., Lee, B.M. and Choi, H.J. (2010), "Electrorheologically intelligent polyaniline and its composites", Macromol. Res., 18(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-009-0198-5
  5. Gollwitzer, C., Krekhova, M., Lattermann, G., Rehberg, I. and Richter, R. (2009), "Surface instabilities and magnetic soft materials", Soft Matter, 5, 2093-2100. https://doi.org/10.1039/b820090d
  6. Gomez-Ramirez, A., Lopez-Lopez, M.T., Duran, J. D.G. and Gonzalez-Caballero, F. (2009), "Influence of particle shape on the magnetic and magnetorheological properties of nanoparticle suspensions", Soft Matter, 5, 3888-3895. https://doi.org/10.1039/b906505a
  7. Hosseini, S.H., Abdi Oskooe, S.H. and Entezami, A.A. (2005), "Toxic gas and vapor detection with polyaniline gas sensors", Iranian Polym. J., 14, 333-344.
  8. Hosseini, S.H. and Entezami, A.A. (2003), "Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of conducting poly di-heteroaromatics from pyrrole, indole, carbazole and their mixed containing hydroxamic acid groups and studies of its metal complexes", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90, 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.12493
  9. Hosseini, S.H., Dabiri, M. and Ashrafi, M. (2006), "Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of conducting graft copolymer of acrylonitrile with aniline", Polymer Int., 55(9), 1081-1089. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.2063
  10. Hosseini, S.H. (2006), "Investigation of sensing effects polystyrene graft polyaniline for cyanide compounds", J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101(6), 3920-3926. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.22874
  11. Hosseini, S.H., Asadi, G. and Gohari, S.J. (2013), "Electrical characterization of conducting poly(2-ethanolaniline) under electric field", International Journal of Physical Sciences, 8(22), 1218-1227.
  12. Kim, Y.D. and Klingenberg, D.J. (1996), "Two roles of nonionic surfactants on the electrorheological response", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 183, 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0581
  13. Klass, D.L. and Martinek, T.W. (1967), "Electroviscous fluids. II. Electrical properties", J. Appl. Phys., 38, 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1709014
  14. Liao, Y.H., Kwei, T.K. and Levon, K. (1995), "Investigation of the aggregation phenomenon of polyaniline in dilute-solutions", Chem. Phys., 196, 3107-3111.
  15. Liu, Y.D. and Choi, H.J. (2012), "Electrorheological fluids: smart soft matter and characteristics", Soft Matter, 8, 11961-11979. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm26179k
  16. MacDiarmid, A.G., Chiang, J.C., Halpern, M., Huang, W.S., Krawczyk, J.R., Mammone, M.R.J., Somarisi S.L. and Wu, W. (1984), "Microwave transport in the emeraldine form of polyaniline", Polym. Prepr., 24, 248-252.
  17. MacDiarmid, A.G. (2001), "A conducting composite of polyaniline and wood", Angew. Chem. Inst. Ed., 40, 2581-2587. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010716)40:14<2581::AID-ANIE2581>3.0.CO;2-2
  18. Park, B.J., Fang, F.F. and Choi, H.J. (2010), "Magnetorheology: materials and application", Soft Matter, 6, 5246-5253. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00014k
  19. Phule, P.P. and Ginder, J.M. (1998), "The materials science of field-responsive fluids", MRS Bull., 23, 19-21. https://doi.org/10.1557/S0883769400030761
  20. Rongguan, L., Zhang, S., Shi, Q. and Kan, J. (2005), "Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline nanoparticles in the presence of magnetic field and erbium chloride", Synthetic Metals, 150, 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.01.025
  21. Sugiyama, J., Chanzy, H. and Maret, G. (1992), "Orientation of cellulose microcrystals by strong magnetic fields", Macromolecules, 25(16), 4232-4234. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00042a032
  22. Tang, X., Wu, C. and Conrad, H. (1995), "On the conductivity model for the electrorheological effect", J. Rheol. , 39, 1059-1073. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550617
  23. Wan, M.X. and Yang, J. (1995), "Electrochemical polymerization of polyaniline at the applied magnetic field", Synth. Met., 69(1-3), 155-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(94)02400-S
  24. Winslow, W.M. (1949), "Induced fibration of suspensions", J. Appl. Phys., 20, 1137-1140. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1698285
  25. Zhang, M., Wu, J., Wen, W. and Sheng, P. (2009), "Generation and manipulation of "smart" droplets", Soft Matter, 5, 576-581. https://doi.org/10.1039/b816553j

Cited by

  1. Preparation of poly(2-anilinoethanol) containing azobenzene group under electrical field and its liquid crystalline properties investigation vol.26, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3409