• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.397-408
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• 2012

This paper describes the refined 3-D finite element (FE) modeling of composite frames composed of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns and steel-concrete composite beams based on the test to get a better understanding of the seismic behavior of the steel-concrete composite frames. A number of material nonlinearities and contact nonlinearities, as well as geometry nonlinearities, were taken into account. The elastoplastic behavior, as well as fracture and post-fracture behavior, of the FE models were in good agreement with those of the specimens. Besides, the beam and panel zone deformation of the analysis models fitted well with the corresponding deformation of the specimens. Parametric studies were conducted based on the refined finite elememt (FE) model. The analyzed parameters include slab width, slab thickness, shear connection degree and axial force ratio. The influences of these parameters, together with the presence of transverse beam, on the seismic behavior of the composite frame were studied. And some advices for the corresponding seismic design provisions of composite structures were proposed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.501-513
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• 2017

To investigate the seismic performance of Y-shaped eccentrically braced frames fabricated with high-strength steel (Y-HSS-EBFs), a shake table test of a 1:2 scaled three-story Y-HSS-EBF specimen was performed. The input wave for the shake table test was generated by the ground motions of El Centro, Taft, and Lanzhou waves. The dynamic properties, acceleration, displacement, and strain responses were obtained from the test specimen and compared with previous test results. In addition, a finite element model of the test specimen was established using the SAP2000 software. Results from the numerical analysis were compared with the test specimen results. During the shake table test, the specimen exhibited sufficient overall structural stiffness and safety but suffered some localized damage. The lateral stiffness of the structure degenerated during the high seismic intensity earthquake. The maximum elastic and elastoplastic interstory drift of the test specimen for different peak ground accelerations were 1/872 and 1/71, respectively. During the high seismic intensity earthquake, the links of the test specimen entered the plastic stage to dissipate the earthquake energy, while other structural members remained in the elastic stage. The Y-HSS-EBF is a safe, dual system with reliable seismic performance. The numerical analysis results were in useful agreement with the test results. This finding indicated that the finite element model in SAP2000 provided a very accurate prediction of the Y-HSS-EBF structure's behavior during the seismic loadings.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.106-119
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• 1996

The ceramic has various high mechanical properties such as heat, abrasion, corrosion resistance and high temperature strength compared with metal. It also has low speciffic weight, low thermal expansibillity, low thermal conductivity. However, it could not be used as structural material since it is brittle and difficult for the machining. Therefore, there have been many researches to attempt to join ceramic with metal which is full of ductillity in order to compensate the weakness of ceramic.The problem is that residual stress develops around the joint area while the ceramic/metal joint material is cooled from high joining temperature to room temperature due to remarkable difference of thermal expansion coefficients between ceramic and metal. Especially, the residual stress at both edges of the specimen reduces the strngth of joint to a large amount by forming a singular stress field. In this study, two dimensional finite element method is attempted for the thermal elastic analysis. The joint residual stress of ceramic/metal developed in the cooling process is investigated and the change of joint residual stress resulted from the repetitive heat cycle is also examined. In addition, it is attempted to clarify the joint stress distribution of the case of tensile load and of the case of superposition of residual stress and actual loading stress.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 1995

Soil nailing has been widely rosed during the last two decades to stabilize sheep excavated slopes in several countries. In thin study, the discrete element method has been applied to evaluate the stability of the reiuorced slope. This method is capable of not only estimat ins tensile and sheer stresses mobilized in nails but also providing individual safety factors of soil and nails, It has been assumed that the nailed slope be comprised of slices connected with elastoplastic twinkler springs. A reasonable mechanism is applied for representing the behavior between nails and adj scent soils. Taking into account for the bequence of construction the developed method well predicts the measured tensile forces developed in nails so that it is possible to appropriately evaluate the overall safety factor.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2021

Tunnel provide faster, safer and convenient way of transportation for different objects. The region where it is construction and surrounding medium has significant influence on the overall stability and performance of tunnel. The present simulation has been carried out in order to understand the behaviour of rock tunnel under static loading condition. The present numerical model has been validated with the laboratory scaled model and field data of underground tunnels. Both lined and unlined tunnels have been considered in this paper. Finite element technique has been considered for the simulation of static loading effect on tunnel through Abaqus/Standard. The Mohr-Coulomb material model has been considered to simulate elastoplastic nonlinear behaviour of different rock types, i.e., Basalt, Granite and Quartzite. The four different stages of rock weathering are classified as fresh, slightly, moderately, and highly weathered in case of each rock type. Moreover, extremely weathered stage has been considered in case of Quartzite rock. It has been concluded that weathering of rock and overburden depth has great influence on the tunnel stability. However, by considering a particular weathering stage of rock for each rock type shows varying patterns of deformations in tunnel.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2021

Existing methods to estimate the probability of seismic pounding occurrence of adjacent buildings do not account for nonlinear behavior or only apply to simple lumped mass systems. The present study proposes an efficient method based on subset simulation for fragility and risk assessment of seismic pounding occurrence between nonlinear adjacent buildings neglecting pounding effects with application to finite element models. The proposed method is first applied to adjacent buildings modeled as elastoplastic systems with substantially different dynamic properties for different structural parameters. Seismic pounding fragility and risk of adjacent frame structures with different floor levels is then assessed, paying special attention to modeling the non-linear material behavior in finite element models. Difference in natural periods and impact location are identified to affect the pounding fragility simultaneously. The reliability levels of the minimum code-specified separation distances are also determined. In addition, the incremental dynamic analysis method is extended to assess seismic pounding fragility of the adjacent frame structures, resulting in higher fragility estimates for separation distances larger than the minimum code-specified ones in comparison with the proposed method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.505-518
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• 2021

The present paper has been carried out to understand the effects of impact loading on the rock tunnels, constructed in different region corresponding to varying unconfined compressive strength (UCS), through finite element method. The UCS of rockmass has substantial role in the stability of rock tunnels under impact loading condition due to falling rocks or other objects. In the present study, Dolomite, Shale, Sandstone, Granite, Basalt, and Quartzite rocks have been taken into consideration for understanding of the effect of UCS that vary from 2.85 MPa to 207.03 MPa. The Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model has been considered in the present study for the nonlinear elastoplastic analysis for all the rocks surrounding the tunnel opening. The geometry and boundary conditions of the model remains constant throughout the analysis and missile has 100 kg of weight. The general hard contact has been assigned to incorporate the interaction between different parts of the model. The present study focuses on studying the deformations in the rock tunnel caused by impacting load due to missile for tunnels having different concrete grade, and steel grade. The broader range of rock strength depicts the strong relationship between the UCS of rock and the extent of damage produced under different impact loading conditions. The energy released during an impact loading simulation shows the variation of safety and serviceability of the rock tunnel.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Many piping systems installed in the power plant are directly related to the safety and operation of the plant. Various dampers have been applied to the piping system to reduce the damage caused by earthquakes. In order to reduce the vibration of the piping system, this study developed a steel coil damper (SCD) with a straightforward structure but excellent damping performance. SCD reduces the vibration of the objective structure by hysteretic damping. The new SCD damper can be applied to high-temperature environments since it consists of steel members. The paper introduces a design method for the elastoplastic coil spring, which is the critical element of SCD. The practical applicability of the design procedure was validated by comparing the nonlinear force-displacement curves calculated by design equations with the results obtained from nonlinear finite element analysis and repeated loading test. It was found that the designed SCD's have a damping ratio higher than 25%. In addition, this study performed a set of seismic tests using a shaking table with an existing piping system to verify the vibration control capacity on the piping system by SCD. Test results prove that the SCD can effectively control the displacement vibration of the piping system up to 80%.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.409-418
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• 2023

A coupled algorithm is proposed which first considers the creation of porous structure of the material and then the simulations of response of mechanical components with porous structure to a variable load history. The simulations are carried out by the Prandtl operator approach in the finite element method (FEM) which enables structural simulations of mechanical components subjected to variable thermomechanical loads. Temperature-dependent material properties and multilinear kinematic hardening of the material can be taken into account by this approach. Several simulations are then performed for a tensile-compressive specimen made of a generic porous structure and mechanical properties of Aluminium alloy AlSi9Cu3. Variable mechanical load history has been applied to the specimens under constant temperature conditions. Comparison of the simulation results shows a considerable elastoplastic stress-strain response in the vicinity of pores whilst the surface of the gauge-length of the specimen remains in the elastic region of the material. Moreover, the distribution of the pore sizes seems more influential to the stress-strain field during the loading than their radial position in the gauge-length.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 1996

An implicit stress integration algorithm was formulated for implementing an aiusotorpic hardening constitutive model which has been based op the generalized isotropic hardening rule in nonlinear finite element analysis technique. the rate form of stress tensor was implicitly integrated using the generalized trapezoidal rule and the tangent stress-strain modulus was evaluated consistently with the nonlinear solution technique. As a result, it has been found that the nonlinear analysis with the anisotropic hardening constitutive model might be performed accurately and efficiently.