• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 2004

The patterns of diapause-associated proteins of silkworm eggs were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Among the hundreds of spots on the 2-D gels, at least two proteins were considered to be associated with diapause. A protein, spot 4, with an approximate molecular weight of 38 kDa and pI 6.1 was observed in the HCI-treated, cold-treated, and diapause eggs, respectively. Spot 4 was undetectable in unfertilized eggs and non-diapause eggs at two days after oviposition, suggesting that this protein may be associated with the entrance to diapause. A protein, spot 11, with an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa and pI of 61 was detected in the unfertilized, HCl-treated, and cold-treated eggs, respectively, after oviposition by normal moths. In diapausing eggs, a protein corresponding to spot 11 was observed in 3-, 5-, and 30-day-old eggs, while the protein was not detected one-day-old eggs. The protein corresponding to spot 11 was not detected in unfertilized and non-diapause eggs obtained from subesophabeal ganglion (SG)-extirpated moths either. Spot 11 was also considered to be a diapause specific protein, which occurred at only early embryonic stage under the control of diapause-downregulated gene.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2000

Carapace width (CW) of main size class of the snow crab was 70~90 mm for females and 80~100 mm for males. The CW holds a stronger relation with body weight than that of carapace length (CL). The number of eggs attached to the pleopods was in the range of 35,000 and 114,000 eggs in crabs with 65 and 88 mm CW, respectively). The logistic maturity curve on morphometric measurements and gonad examination, defined by the presence of egg brooding in wide abdomen of the female and spermatophores inside the vasa deferentia of the male indicated that 50 % of crabs attained gonadal maturity at 54.2 mm and 58.8 mm CW for females and males, respectively. In the relationship between CW and body weight, a sharp break at 53~55 mm CW indicates that morphological changes associated with maturity have occurred.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.171-175
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of anthelmintics against gastrointestinal parasitic infestation in periparturient dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and quality. Sixty pregnant cows of 1st & 2nd parity were divided into four groups. The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment was evaluated by counting faecal egg per gram (EPG) compared with pre-treatment values. The milk yield of each cow was recorded in pre and post treatment lactations. Cows of group A were treated with Nitroxynil 10 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously 30 days before parturition, group B were treated with combination of triclabendazole and levamisole 19.5 mg/kg body weight orally at calving and group C treated with $Endex^{(R)}$ at calving and 42 days after. The mean change in EPG 14 days after treatment was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated (79.1%) cows than control. Average milk yield of group C ($2.8{\pm}0.8$) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than group A ($2.6{\pm}0.7$). Similarly, the average milk yield in all the treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher in treated lactation ($2.5{\pm}0.7$) than in the previous lactation ($2.2{\pm}0.7$). The average milk yield in all treated cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control cows. Although, milk yields were higher in second parity than the first, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). The milk protein percentage was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated group than the control group. Therefore, it may be concluded that periparturient anthelmintic treatment effectively reduced the gastrointestinal parasitic load and improved milk yield.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to investigated the short-term effects of early weaning and protein intake on organ and cell growth, nitrogen metabolism and physiological functions of rats. Five groups of early weaned rats separated from the dam on the 15th day postpartum were each given one five diets consisting of either one of the three levels of casein-low(8%), -normal (16%), and -high(32%), or a normal level (16%) of isolated soy protein(ISP) or egg yolk protein, for 7 days. The normal weaned rats were fed maternal breast milk for three weeks from birth. On the 22nd day postpartum , all the rats were sacrificed . The weight gain of the early weaned rats, especially the ones fed high protein, was observed to be significantly lower than that of the normal weaned rats. By the 15th day, of early weaning and especially in the ISP-fed rats, the total DNA contents of liver and kidney, which may be said to represent an index of cell numbers, significantly decreased, but their fresh and dry weight and protein/DNA ratio, allegedly representing an index of cell size, significantly increased , not affecting the cell number and cell size of brain. There were no differences in total serum protein and albumin concentrations between early and normal weaned rats. In the early weaned rats observed , the serum urea N and $\alpha$-amino N concentrations significantly increased in high protein-fed rats, and decreased in low protein-fed rats. Another observation was that no significant difference was noticed as regards to serum GOT activity, total bilirubin, uric acid, and creatinine concentration, which may represent indices of liver and kidney functions, among rat groups, GPT activity was an exception . These results suggest that premature weaning and the quality and quantity of dietary protein significantly affect organ and cell growth and nitrogen metabolism but does not seriously affect physiological functions in the neonatal development of rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 1996

Dry weight and body fluid osmolarity of embryo, and maternal ovarian fluid and the ovarian inner tissue of the viviparous teleost, Ditrema temmincki, changed considerably during the gestation period. After the complete absorption of the egg yolk, average dry weight of the embryo increased to 373.76 mg, and the range of total length (TL) was from 6.0 to 60.0 mm. Osmolarity of the embryonic body fluid was 796,8 mOsmol/kg with TL 64.0 mm right before parturition. Ovarian outer membrane started to swelling clearly after fertilization, and maximized in March. The swelling of ovigerous folds was maximized in late April. Expansion of blood vessels and increase of hemocytes reached to their maximum right before parturition. The results of this study indicated that these changes are related to the nutritional and environmental adaptation of both the embryo and the maternal body during the gestation period.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 1996

A total of 31 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported in Korea. Authors experienced two more human cases of Diphyllobothrium latum infection, especially due to eating raw freshwater trout. Two cases were husband and wife in a famil residing in Chunchon city, Kangwon-do, who raw fish in October 1994. A 43-year old male(husband) was 69kg in body weight and healthy. A worm (6.65m in length; 8-l3mm in width) was expelled from him after, anthelmintic treatment. The second case(wife) was a 39-year old female who weighted 56kg. She complained about gastrointestinal trouble and abdominal discomfort. A worm (5.50m in length; 9-l3mm in width) was Obtained her after anthelmintic treatment. No scolex was collected from the two worms. Two patients were administrated with praziquantel(15mg/kg of body weight) and 15gm of magnesium sulfate as a purgative. Two worms identified as D. latum, .based on the following biological characters: extermal morphologies, coiling of uterus, the number of uterine loops, position of genital opening, morphologies of cirrus and cirrus sac and seminal vesicle on the histological sections, positions of vagina and uterine pore, distribution patterns of vitellaria, and microscopical and SEM morphologies of the egg.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.1090-1095
• /
• 1999

In order to minimize the occurrence of fatty liver, this study investigated how adding a high level of dietary choline or methionine affected the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks. Feeding trials were conducted with sixty Tsaiya ducks during their growing period, when they were 8-12 weeks old, and during their laying period, 10-14 weeks after the onset of laying when they were 26-30 weeks old. The ducks were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group (basal diet), a group in which methionine was added to the basal diet, and a group in which choline was added to the basal diet. The levels of methionine and choline added were twice as high as the levels recommended by the NRC for layer-type chickens. Experimental results indicated that adding choline to the basal diet of growing ducks significantly (p<0.05) increased their body weight, while adding methionine significantly (p<0.05)reduced their body weight. Adding either choline or methionine reduced the ducks' liver fat content in both the growing and the laying periods (p<0.05). Ducks receiving added methionine or choline in their diets displayed enhanced egg production (p<0.05). Adding choline increased serum triacylglycerol (TG) in the laying period (p<0.05). Adding either choline or methionine did not significantly (p>0.05) affect the t-globulin level. Adding methionine increased the activity of liver malic dehydrogenase in both the growing and the laying periods, and increased fatty acid synthetase in the laying period (p<0.05). While adding choline markedly (p>0.05) increased VLDL and apo B in both the growing and the laying periods, it decreased HDL and apo A in the laying period (p<0.05). This study found that adding a high level of choline to the basal diets of Tsaiya ducks in both the growing and the laying periods had beneficial effects. Furthermore, adding methionine affected the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks to a lesser extent than adding choline.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2000

The green lacewing, Chrysopa pallens (Rambur), was reared on artificial diets supplementedwith natural products such as lyophilized beef liver, silk worm pupae powder and drone honey beepowder. The performance of the green lacewing was improved siginificantly on only the diet to whichadded 1 % of silk worm pupae powder (wt/v). Larval developement was completed in 15.6 f 0.99 days,cocoon weight was 16.4f2.94 mg, and suvival to adult was 89.3% at 27$^{\circ}$C. And another diet made bymixing 4 part of lyophilized beef liver powder, 4 part of lyophilized beef powder, 3 part of lyophilizedchicken egg, 4 part of sucrose, and 50 mg each of vitamin C and Vanderzant's vitamin B mixture waspromising. Larval development of the green lacewing on this diet was completed in 12.7 f 1.45 days at27"C, pupal weight was 18.1 f 2.24mg, suvival to adult was loo%, and 633f70.4 eggs were laid in 20days after beginning of oviposition.ginning of oviposition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.937-942
• /
• 2009

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects on growth and muscle development during the growing period of the sex-linked dwarf gene in the background of a Taiwan Country chicken strain, L2, selected for egg production. Eight crossbred males, heterozygous for the DW*DW mutation, were each backcrossed to six females of the L2 strain to produce two genotypes of BC females, either normal (DW*N+/-) or dwarf (DW*DW/-). The experiment included 251 normal and 207 dwarf pullets. The effect of the dwarf gene on body weight and shank length was highly significant from 2 weeks of age. The reduction of body weight by the dwarf gene reached 34.8% and 37.4% as compared to normal sibs at 16 and 20 weeks of age, respectively. Parameters of the growth curve were estimated: the age at inflection (TI) was higher in normal pullets (66.9 days) than in dwarf pullets (61.2 days). A significant effect of the dwarf gene on single muscle fiber cross-section area was found from 12 weeks of age onwards, whereas the dwarf gene had no effect on the total number of muscle fibers. Comparing the effect of the dwarf gene on shank length at different ages revealed an earlier effect on skeleton growth, observed from 2 weeks of age, than on muscle development, which was affected from 8 to 12 weeks of age.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2008

Incubation routine and sex role of Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas at Sasudo Island, in Jeju, South Korea, were studied during the incubation period, June to August in 2002. Incubation routine in Procellariiformes represents a sequence of alternating shifts taken in turn by female and male in a species-specific pattern. Hence, coordination of individual incubation rhythms between partners is crucial for successful breeding attempt. In Streaked Shearwaters, incubation routine represents a sequence of alternating shifts taken in turn by male and female. The first incubation shift was made by male after female had laid the egg. The mean incubation period was 50.8 days until hatching. Males had spent on average 26.5 days incubating and females 24.3 days accordingly. The mean duration of incubation shifts decreased progressively from 6th and 7th shift to hatching. Overall, males had spent more time incubating than females during the incubation period, but the mean duration of the incubation shift 5.6 days for males and 5.7 days for females did not differ between males and females. There were no effect of the body size of the breeding pair on incubation performance. For males the mean of body weight decreased during the incubation, whereas for females it remained approximately stable. In Streaked Shearwaters, the duration of incubation shift and subsequent foraging trip are related to loss of body weight during the period of fasting. In addition, coordination of individual incubation rhythms affects their incubation behaviour.