• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to help care workers to do their best as first respondents by analysing their recognition, knowledge, and self-efficacy on basic CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) that is directly connected to the lives of patients and thus their education and methods can be improved for their positive basic lifesaving work. Method: For this purpose 360 structured questionnaires were used to the subjects in the eastern area of Jeonnam province from June 20 to July 4, 2011. Of these questionnaires 217 were used excluding 113 incomplete, 27 error, and 3 male ones. The collected data were analysed by the real number, the percentage, the average, the standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey with SPSS WIN 18.0. Results: 1. In the view of subjects, those aged over 51 accounted for 96(44.2%) as the majority, high school graduates, 95(43.8%), worked for 1 or more than 1 year-less than 2 years, 66(30.4%), experienced to see persons collapsed losing their consciousness, 46(21.2%), took the education, 184(85.7%), had 1 session of education, 80(43%), got the last education for 2 or more than 2 years 68(37%), and practiced through mannequin for the education aids, 86(46.7%). 2. There was significant difference in the view of recognition with the length of work (p=.010) and experienced to see persons collapsed losing their consciousness (p=.020), in the view of knowledge with academic background (p=.040) and the length of work, and in the view of self-efficacy with academic background (p=.002), the length of work (p=.010) and experienced to see persons collapsed losing their consciousness (p=.000). 3. There was significant difference in the session of education (p=.000), last education (p=.025) and education aids for basic CPR. Self-efficacy had significant difference according to the session of education for basic CPR (p=.001) and the time of education (p=.000). 4. There was correlation between recognition and self-efficacy (r=.41). The higher the recognition is, the better the self-efficacy improves. However the correlation between knowledge and self-efficacy was so low that the former did not have influence on self-efficacy. Conclusions: It needs to offer education to the lifesaving workers based on their experiences. If there is education more than 2 sessions in a year with mannequin and the simulation providing sufficient hours, care workers' recognition would be increased resulting in higher self-efficacy and thus they could keep the role of active lifesaving worker at the first practical site.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.69-78
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• 2004

In this study, the back analysis program was developed by applying the genetic algorithm, one of artificial intelligence fields, to the direct method. The optimization process which has influence on the efficiency of the direct method was modulated with genetic algorithm. On conditions that the displacement computed by forward analysis for a certain rock mass model was the same as the displacement measured at the tunnel section, back analysis was executed to verify the validity of the program. Usefulness of the program was confirmed by comparing relative errors calculated by back analysis, which is carried out under the same rock mass conditions as analysis model of Gens et at (1987), one of back analysis case in the past. We estimated the total displacement occurring by tunnelling with the crown settlement and convergence measured at the working faces in three tunnel sites of Kyungbu Express railway. Those data measured at the working face are used for back analysis as the input data after confidence test. As the results of the back analysis, we comprehended the tendency of tunnel behaviors with comparing the respective deformation characteristics obtained by the measurement at the working face and by back analysis. Also the usefulness and applicability of the back analysis program developed in this study were verified.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to suggest how we can get over the difficulties of practical drill under experimentation concerning the units of making clothes in the curriculum of home economics. The import of this study was based on the results of the preceding studies the field of the making Korean clothes, from the standpoint of the teaching tools and teaching materials by the use of VTR, is one of the most insufficient. On the one hand, the teaching procedure here a VTR, running 34 minutes or so, was made up with the process of making Korean men’s slacks, and was led by the researcher’s own. The contents of the lesson are as follows： the shape of Korean clothes, the name of each part, the process of drawing, cutting and sewing, and the items of evaluation and arrangement. On the other hand, the two comparative groups were made to compare one with the other： One group was taught by help of VTR media, and the other by the model performance and explanation of the instructor’s own. All of the statistical data were analyzed in terms of SPSS/PC, and t-verification was made, to make difference between the two, after standard deviation was calculated according to the classified domains. The consequences of the test research are shown as below： 1. The difference of understanding was obviously made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in understanding to process of making Korean clothes. 2. The difference of skill was highly made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the practical drill of making Korean clothes. 3. The difference of interests was evidentally made in considering that the group made a better score than the comparative one in the stage of making Koran clothes. Such means that the motivation and attitude of the learners was made stimulate by the Audio-Visual material than by the traditional cramming method. 4. The difference of frequency was fairly made in considering that the experimeatal group made a better score than the comparative one in the frequency of individual teaching. 5. The difference of the efficiency of time-consumption was clearly made in considering that the experimental group made a better score than the comparative one. As the results of the research above, the medium of VTR proved to more effective to the achievement of schoolwork and the strategies of teaching. Therefore, more use of VTR media will help the instructors with the difficulties of practical drill in the whole process of making Korean clothes； Widely use of VTR media in teaching will be surely more fruitfull to the unit of making Korean clothes than teaching by explanation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1568-1574
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• 2012

Three Holstein steers in the growing phase, each with a ruminal cannula, were used to test the hypothesis that the synchronization of the hourly rate of carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) released in the rumen would increase the amount of retained nitrogen for growth and thus improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). In Experiment 1, in situ degradability coefficients of carbohydrate and N in feeds including Korean rice wine residue (RWR) were determined. In Experiment 2, three total mixed ration (TMR) diets having different rates of carbohydrate and N release in the rumen were formulated using the in situ degradability of the feeds. All diets were made to contain similar contents of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) but varied in their hourly pattern of nutrient release. The synchrony index of the three TMRs was 0.51 (LS), 0.77 (MS) and 0.95 (HS), respectively. The diets were fed at a restricted level (2% of the animal's body weight) in a $3{\times}3$ Latin-square design. Synchronizing the hourly supply of energy and N in the rumen did not significantly alter the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, NDF or acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p>0.05). The ruminal $NH_3$-N content of the LS group at three hours after feeding was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the other groups; however, the mean values of ruminal $NH_3$-N, pH and VFA concentration among the three groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). In addition, the purine derivative (PD) excretion in urine and microbial-N production (MN) among the three groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). In conclusion, synchronizing dietary energy and N supply to the rumen did not have a major effect on nutrient digestion or microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in Holstein steers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.551-564
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• 2016

Earthworks are the fundamental steps in a construction job, and are mainly comprised of smaller tasks performed by construction machinery. The productivity of the construction job can be improved by optimizing excavation, filling, and other such operations. Earthworks involve a lot of mechanical work performed by the collaboration between various kinds of construction equipment, which in turn leads to higher fuel consumption. Actual earthworks depend mostly on the intuition and experience of the driver of the machines, thus leading to inefficiency and environmental problems caused by unnecessary emission of carbon, Recently automated and information-oriented technologies are consistently being researched towards the improvement of efficiency of earthworks in the construction industry. The present research involves the introduction and understanding of the decision-making elements of heuristics which can be applied to the earthwork planning. A method is also suggested for creating an effective work path for construction machine to perform task packages (TP) for cutting and filling processes. A simulation test is performed to verify the effectiveness of suggested methods in terms of space interference and total moving distance of construction equipment.

• Composites Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

The electrospun PVDF containing CNT was made for fabricating materials of the actuator. The electrochemical and their actuating movement were evaluated for the actuator performance in the electrochemical environment. The actuator (which was fabricated by electrospinning) had some advantages, i.e., good dispersion and flexible properties. In the electrospinning process, the final product would have different forms based on different essential factors. In this work, electrospun nanofibers were aligned by using the drum-type collector, and the morphology was identified via the field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The uniform dispersion of CNT in PVDF nanofiber was observed by electron probe X-ray micro-analysis (EPMA) test. The results of tensile strength and electrical resistivity provided the aligned state. The electrospun CNT/PVDF nanofiber sheet on the aligned direction showed better mechanical and electrical properties than the case of the vertically-aligned direction. The efficiency and electrical capacities of electrospun CNT/PVDF nanofiber sheets were compared with the cast PVDF sheet for actuator application. Electrospun CNT/PVDF nanofiber sheet exhibited much better the case of actuator performance than cast neat PVDF actuator, due to the excellent electrical connecting areas.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.354-365
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to identify and compare levels of recognition of empowerment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment between Advanced Practice Nurses(APN) and Registered Nurses(RN) of hospitals. Data collection was done by the 85 APN and 120 RN of six large hospitals, four medium sized hospitals in Seoul and Incheon. T-test and ANOVA using SPSS 18.0 were performed. There were no significant differences of empowerment between APN($3.56{\pm}0.53$) and RN($3.50{\pm}0.54$)(t =-. 861, p = 0.390). job satisfaction between APN($3.36{\pm}0.53$) and RN($3.25{\pm}0.46$)(t =- 1.575, p = 0.117), organizational commitment between APN($3.11{\pm}0.34$) and RN($3.05{\pm}0.36$)(t =- 1.301, p = 0.195). Empowerment, job satisfaction, organizational commitment of APN and RN showed no significant differences. There are some reasons why it resulted in no significant difference between APN and RN. APN's role in Korea is not clearly established and distinguished from RN, lack of appropriacy of employment and reward, and lack of the institutional foundation for APN's operation and efficiency.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.421-431
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• 2008

Recently XML is becoming a de facto standard for online data exchange between heterogeneous systems and also the research of streaming XML data filtering comes into the spotlight. Since streaming XML data filtering technique needs rapid matching of queries with XML data, it is required that the query processing should be efficiently performed. Until now, most of researches focused only on partial sharing of path expressions or efficient predicate processing and they were work for time and space efficiency. However, if containment relationship between queries is previously calculated and the lowest level query is matched with XML data, we can easily get a result that high level queries can match with the XML data without any other processing. That is, using this containment technique can be another optimal solution for streaming XML data filtering. In this paper, we suggest an efficient XML data filtering based on prime number indexing and containment relationship between queries. Through some experimental results, we present that our suggested method has a better performance than the existing method. All experiments have shown that our method has a more than two times better performance even though each experiment has its own distinct test purpose.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.155-174
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• 2005

Oh and Kim (2004) and Woodman and Lurk (2004) demonstrated that spatial working memory (SWM) load Interfered concurrent visual search and that search process also impaired the maintenance of spatial information implying that visual search and SWM task both require access to the same limited-capacity mechanism. Two obvious possibilities have been suggested about what this shared limited-capacity mechanism is: common demand for attention to the locations where the items f9r the two tasks were presented (spatial attention load hypothesis), and common use of working memory to maintain a record of locations have been processed(SWM load hypothesis). To test these two hypothetical explanations, Experiment 1 replicated the mutual interference between visual search and SWM task in spite of difference of procedure with preceding researches; possible areas where the items for two tasks were presented were not separated. In Experiment 2, we presented the items for visual search either in the same quadrants where the items for SWM task had appeared (same-location rendition) or in the different quadrants (different-location condition). As a result, search efficiency was more impaired in the different-location condition than in the same-location condition. The memory accuracy was worse in the different-location rendition than in the same-location rendition. Overall results of study indicate that the mutual interference between SWM and visual search might be related to the overload of spatial attention, but not to that of SWM.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 1996

This paper presents a comparison of recognition performance of the features used inthe recent handwritten korean character recognition.This research aims at providing the basis for feature selecion in order to improve not only the recognition rate but also the efficiency of recognition system.For the comparison of feature performace,we analyzed the characteristics of theose features and then,classified them into three rypes:global feature(image transformation)type,statistical feature type,and local/ topological feature type.For each type,we selected four or five features which seem more suitable to represent the characteristics of korean alphabet,and performed recongition experiments for the first consonant,horizontal vowel,and vertical vowel of a korean character, respectively.The classifier used in our experiments is a multi-layered perceptron with one hidden layer which is trained with backpropagation algorithm.The training and test data in the experiment are taken from 30sets of PE92. Experimental results show that 1)local/topological features outperform the other two type features in terms of recognition rates 2)mesh and projection features in statical feature type,walsh and DCT features in global feature type,and gradient and concavity features in local/topological feature type outperform the others in each type, respectively.