• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2013

Lily is an important cut-flower in Korea and world as well due to it's a variety of flower colors and various sizes of flowers. To develop elite lily cultivars, conventional breeding techniques have been used so far. However, an introduction of tissue culture system in mass propagation of bulbs and regeneration of shoots with a high efficiency is prerequisite at this moment. Especially, growth of bulbs and shoots as well as reduction of browning is critical factor to proliferate bulbs with shoots of superior lines or cultivar in lily. For this purpose, we tried to test whether ascorbic acid, citric acid and silver nitrate in medium to facilitate growth of bulbs and shoots as well as reduction of browning of bulb scales in lily. As a result, ascorbic acid and silver nitrate showed no significant differences compared to control plants in the growth of bulbs and shoots. When bulb scales were treated with $150mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ of citric acid, formations of shoots and bulbs showed best result. While, bulb scale treated with $100mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ of citric acid showed the growth of shoot and root as well as increasing of fresh weight compared to other treatments. Regarding the reduction of browning, $150mg{\cdot}l^{-1}$ of ascorbic acid showed the best result with the less than 2%. Although more experiments with several commercial varieties are needed in the future to establish mass propagation of bulbs of lily, results obtained in this study are supposed to provide the basic knowledge and contribution in tissue culture system of lily.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.46
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• pp.63-86
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• 2016

The object of this study is to propose a study on the Private Investigator usage for Cyber Crime. The latest trend of cyber crime is being evolve in sophisticated and complex way over the global, like internet fraud, cyber gambling, hacking and etc. Hence national investigative authority mobilize high specialized skills and method of criminal investigation by each nation. But it is hard to respond in rapid and effective way because of propoor, distribution of group and insufficient of related legal system. Already in other countries, not considerable amount of services are given to private investigators in detection and tracking part which is inefficient by nation. So it has significantly meaningful to compensate the defect and study about private investigator usage as companion of cooperation policing for effectively respond to cyber-crime. The way to effectively deal with the cyber-crime is reevaluate meaning of partnership policing and need of private investigator usage. Also it is to analyze the main issue about introduction of a system and suggest the effective way of introduction. First, legislation of private investigator usage which is based upon partnership policing should be made up. Moreover, to establish the range of private investigator's business and enhance the reliability, it is to propose introduction of leading professional global certificate and license system with sufficient education and test. We are expecting introduction of private investigator usage can improve efficiency of investigation and promote effective countermeasures of cyber-crime.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 2010

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have advantages to reduce the processing time and mineralize contaminants dissolved in groundwater. Recently, remediation techniques for organic contamination in groundwater have been studied, and technology using $UV/H_2O_2$ is generally accepted as one of the most powerful and reliable alternative for the remediation of groundwater contamination. In this study, $UV/H_2O_2$ technology, which generates hydroxyl radical ($\cdot$ OH) as known for strong non-selective oxidant, was used to degrade chlorinated solvents (TCE and PCE), and it was expanded to apply continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system (i.e. combinations of three CSTR). The tested parameters for CSTR system were retention time and groundwater/$H_2O_2$ injection volume ratio. To find optimum parameters for CSTR system, various retention time (6 min ~ 90 min) and groundwater/$H_2O_2$ injection volume ratio (5/1 ~ 119/1) were tested. Other conditions for CSTR were adapted from the batch test results, which concentration of $H_2O_2$ and UV dose were 29.4 mM (0.1%) and 4.3 kWh/L, respectively. Based on the experimental results, the optimum parameters for CSTR system were 20 min for retention time and 119/1 for groundwater/$H_2O_2$ injection volume ratio. Applying these optimum conditions, chlorinated solvents (TCE and PCE) were removed at 99.9% and 99.6%. Moreover, the effluent concentrations of TCE and PCE are 0.036 mg/L and 0.087 mg/L, respectively, which are satisfied the regulatory level (TCE 0.3 mg/L, PCE 0.1 mg/L). Consequently, the CSTR system using $UV/H_2O_2$ technology can achieve high removal efficiency in the event of treatment of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated solvents (TCE and PCE).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

According to the agreement on WTO/TBT, we are under the situation to adopt international standard (ISO standard) as a national standard if it exists. However, in case of environmental area, it is a domestic legal obligation to use Korean environmental standard method(KESM) for analyzing various contaminants. Therefore it is necessary to assess the comparability between KEM and ISO standard prior to apply ISO standard to soil conservation law in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to assess the comparability of both methods for analyzing heavy metals in soil. We looked over various aspects like pre-treatment, calibration curve range, detection wavelength, soil organic matter content and so on. Apparently, the procedure of both methods is almost same. However in details, both methods are different in stationary time before aqua-regia extraction using reflux system, calibration curve range for Cu, Pb, Ni and measuring wavelength for Pb. According to the results of comparison test, the results were significantly different when the different calibration range was used. In case that all the extracts independent of methods were reanalyzed with the same calibration range of each method, both methods showed statistically same results. Other conditions like different stationary time, measuring wavelength of AAS and soil organic matter content did not have any influence on the analytical result. Therefore, we suggest to extend the calibration curve range to 0~8 mg/L which is used in KS I ISO standard(Korean standard related with environment which is translation version of ISO standard without any technical change). In case of $Cr^{6+}$, the results showed no significant differences between two methods even though the pretreatment, instrumentation and other analysis conditions were different. In addition to UV/Visble spectrometry of KESM for soil contamination, we suggest to adopt ion chromatography of ISO 15192(US EPA method 7199) for analyzing $Cr^{6+}$ with the consideration of laboratory work efficiency.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Cotinine, one of nicotine metabolites, has been blown to reduce 4-(methylnitro samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK)- induced $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts significantly in A/J mice when administered together with NNK. In order to examine the effects of phyto-extract mixture on the conversion of cotinine from nicotine, cellular and clinical experiments were carried out. When the phyto-extract mixture was added to culture media, human liver cells (FLCFR5) produced cotinine from nicotine 2~3 times compared to the control. The phyto-extract mixture which was microinjected into Xenopus oocyte along with nicotine showed the almost similar production of cotinine compared with the results of hepatic cell culture. In clinical test employing 17 to 20 healthy men, concentrations of urinary cotinine derived from smoking after taking photo-extract mixture increased up to 2 times compared to the control group. These results indicatethat the phyto-extract mixture can increase the metabolic efficiency of nicotine to cotinine, leading to the reduced formation of $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

In this project, the efficiency of localized heating for micro systems packaging is developed by using a forced potential scheme microheater. Less than 0.2 Mpa contact pressure was used for bonding with a 200 mA current input for $50{\mu}m$ width, $2{\mu}m$ height and $8mm{\times}8mm$, $5mm{\times}5mm$, $3mm{\times}3mm$ sized phosphorus-doped poly-silicon microheater. The temperature can be raised at the bonding region to $800^{\circ}C$, and it was enough to achieve a strong and reliable bonding in 3 minutes. The IR camera test results show improved uniformity in heat distribution compared with conventional microheaters. For performing the gross leak check, IPA (Isopropanol Alcohol) was used. Since IPA has better wetability than water, it can easily penetrate small openings, and is more suitable for conducting a gross leak check. The pass ratio of bonded dies was 67%, for conventional localized heating, and 85% for our newly developed FP scheme. The bonding strength was more than 25Mpa for FP scheme packaging, which shows that FP scheme can be a good candidate for micro-scale hermetic packaging.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2013

Roundabouts have been operated in Europe, America and Australia since the 1970s, and many relevant researches continually was carried out. Though many studies regarding roundabout have been recently conducted in korea, most of them have focused on its operational safety and efficiency. Moreover, roundabout design guideline did not define a clear criteria related to pedestrian in roundabout, but seldom investigate the influences of pedestrian on crosswalk. In this study, we seek ways to operate the pedestrian crosswalk signal on roundabout maximizing their operational effects in exceptional case such as rush hour or intersection near the special facilities. We proved that roundabout signal operation is effective under certain circumstances in according to the number of pedestrian, and suggested the optimal signal timing plan for signalized roundabouts. For pursuing the above, we conducted the simulation test using the VISSIM model. The results show that the operational effectiveness of signalized roundabout was evaluated to be better than non-signalized roundabout in specific pedestrian volume condition. In addition, those results are confirmed using simulation analysis conducted on the real roundabout.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1349-1360
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• 2017

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters for common ketosis indicators (${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate acid, BHBA; milk acetone), feed intake efficiency indicator (energy-corrected milk, ECM), and milk yield (MY) in Korean Holstein. A total of 75,072 monthly test-day records from 14,397 first parity cows were collected, between 2012 and 2016, from Korea animal improvement association enrolled farms. Variance components were estimated using a multiple trait random regression model. The heritability of BHBA and acetone levels ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 at different DIMs. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between BHBA and acetone were between 0.73 and 0.90, and between 0.93 and 0.98, respectively. The phenotypic correlation between BHBA and MY, between acetone and MY, between BHBA and ECM, and between acetone and ECM ranged from -0.18 to -0.05, -0.23 to -0.05, 0 to 0.10, and -0.09 to 0.01, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between BHBA and MY, between acetone and MY, between BHBA and ECM, and between acetone and ECM also ranged from -0.55 to 0.05, -0.62 to -0.04, -0.10 to 0.11, and -0.20 to 0.00, respectively. We hope that these results would greatly assist in the improvement of ketosis disease in the local Holsteins.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.74-85
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• 2015

PCI Express is a well-known and widely used de-facto system bus standard for connecting among a processor and IO devices. PCI Express is originated from old PCI standard, and its most of applications are limited to be used within a PC or server system. But, because of its fast speed, low power consumption, and good protocol efficiency, it is considered as one of a good candidate for an alternate system interconnect for many years. In this paper, we present design, implementation and early evaluation of an alternate system interconnect by utilizing PCI Express. The developed alternate system interconnect using PCI Express (named PCIeLINK) utilizes non-transparent bridging (NTB) technic which generally used in fail-over system in PCI and PCI Express. By using NTB technic, PCI Express device can be extended to outside of a system without electrical and logical problems arising during system boot and enumeration. To build up an alternate system interconnect, we designed and implemented a network interface card having multiple PCI Express ${\times}4$ connections (theoretically 20 Gbps) and tested, The early test results revealed that an ${\times}4$ port in the card showed 8.6 Gbps peak performance for bulk transmission and 5.1 Gbps peak for normal TCP/IP transfer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

Event-based service technology integrate service to detect events that occur in real time by analyzing the response. Is the core technology for real-time business and ubiquitous service environment construction. Is required event-based service technology on business processes in real-time business environment that providing rapid response to changing and custom service using a variety of information real-time monitoring and analysis in ubiquitous service environment. Last event-driven business processes can be used as a CEP(Complex Event Processing). The core of CEP technology, the event from multiple event sources analysis of events affecting and the way to handle action, is detect complex event to user. In previous studies, an event occurs that continue to perform without the need for partial operations. so many operations and spend a lot of memory is a problem. To solve these problems, event detection technique is proposed that large streams of data without processing any events, registered to configure a complex event occurs when all events in the application layer, complex event processing. The proposed method, first using a bitmap index to manage the event occurs. The complex events of the last event in response to define a trigger event. The occurrence of an event to display a bitmap index, a composite event occurrence of all event to configure the test through the point at which a trigger event occurs. Is proposed, If any event occurs to perform the operation. The proposed scheme perform operations when all event occurs without events having to perform each of the tests. As a result, avoid unnecessary operations and reducing the number of events to handle the increased efficiency of operations.