• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.314-315
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• 2008

We have studied a property change of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED)s due to a surface reformation of indium-tin-oxide(ITO) substrate. An ITO is widely used as a transparent electrode in light-emitting diodes, and the OLEDs device performance is sensitive to the surface properties of the ITO. The ITO surface reformation could reduce the Schottky barrier at the ITO/organic interface and increase the adhesion of the organic layer onto the electrode. We have studied the characteristics of OLEDs with a treatment by a wet processing of the ITO substrate. The self-assembled monolayer(SAM) was used for wet processing. The characteristics of OLEDs were improved by SAM treatment of an ITO in this work. The OLEDs with a structure of ITO/TPD(50nm)/$Alq_3$(70nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al(100nm) were fabricated, and the surface properties of ITO were investigated by using seneral characterization techniques. Self-assembled monolayer introduced at the anode/organic interface gave an improvement in turn-on voltage, luminance and external quantum efficiency compared to the device without the SAM layer. SAM-treatment time of the ITO substrate was made to be 0/10/15/20/25min. The current efficiency of the device with 15min. treated SAM layer was increased by 3 times and the external quantum efficiency by 2.6 times.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1696-1702
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• 2008

A MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a multi-hop routing protocol formed by a collection without the intervention of infrastructure. So the MANET also depended on the property as like variable energy, high degree of mobility, location environments of nodes etc. Generally the various clustering technique and routing algorithm would have proposed for improving the energy efficiency. One of the popular approach methods is a cluster-based routing algorithm using in MANET. In this paper, we propose an algorithm techniques which is TICC (Time Interval Clustering Control) based on energy value in property of each node for solving cluster problem. It provides improving cluster energy efficiency how can being node manage to order each node's energy level. TICC could be able to manage the clustering, re-configuration, maintenance and detection of Node in MANET. Furthermore, the results of modeling shown that Node's energy efficiency and lifetime are improved in MANET.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.117-138
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• 2008

This study lies on building the International Standardization of China Arbitration System for improving a relationship of mutual trust and the safety trade between China and other worldwide countries, especially, South Korea as their one of the biggest trading partners through the comparative analysis of China and UNCITRAL Arbitration Law. In this analysis, the differences from China and UNCITRAL in arbitration law are like belows ; lack of arbitrator's international mind, the limitation of private property right, prohibition of Ad. hoc arbitration, arbitrator's biased nationalism, localism, and their short specialties. a deficiency of the objectiveness for arbitrator's election, a judgement rejection of claimants by using nonattendance and walkout, impossibility of prior and temporary property custody for execution of arbitration award. etc. For the improvement of the International Standardization of China Arbitration, this paper propose as follows: 1) Extension of private property right, reorganization of tax system, realization of open competition, exclusion of 'Sinocentrism', globalization of arbitration system 2) The abolition of old fashioned bureaucracy with approval for ad.hoc arbitration 3) An education for arbitrator's internationalization, specialty, and to promote legal knowledge 4) A settlement of the third country arbitrators' selection for reflecting interested party's decision by the court in a selection system of arbitration committee. 5) Institutionalization of arbitration judgment that prevent for claimant's avoidance by using a withdrawal and an intentional absent 6) A permission of the right of claimant's court custody directly before the begging of arbitration request for the prevention for destruction of evidence and property concealment 7) Grant of the arbitration tribunal's interim measures of protection for private property preservation to the third party, proof security, prevention from the loss that selling the corruptible goods 8) Improvement of arbitration's efficiency from the exclusion of the obstacles that are forgery, concealed evidence, and arbitrator's bribe taking Lastly, I hope that this study will serve to promote friendly economic relationship between China and South Korea and strive for international equilibrium through the achievement of China Arbitration's International Standardization. I will finish this paper with a firm belief that this will lead to more advanced studies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.137-144
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• 2009

On July 23th, 2009, the newly-revised copyright law was reflected the free trade agreement which occurred between the United States and the Republic of Korea. The agreement is expected to have positive effects such as competition as well as the social efficiency in the field of intellectual property. Nevertheless, Korean government should pay much costs, Therefore, we should minimize the cost in a short run and maximize the benefits we could obtain out of the agreement in a long run. However, we are not prepared to improve economic value of the intellectual property rights. Specifically, it should be noted that the aspects of law execution to protect not only the intellectual property rights. If we manage to get the utmost out of the agreement, we could be going through the transition from a consumer nation of intellectual properties to a producer nation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.428-434
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• 2016

In this study, benzyltrialkylammonium chlorides with different alkyl chain length were synthesized and applied to liposome. Prepared cationic surfactant embedded liposomes were measured particle size, zetapotential, release property and antibacterial activity. The average particle size of liposomes was 120~140 nm. As alkyl chain length was increased, the liposome size was increased. Zetapotential for the solution of liposomes added cationic surfactants were in the range of +80~90 mV. In release test, collagen release rate could be controlled by alkyl chain length. liposome embedded long alkyl chain surfactant had enhanced sustained release property. Entrapment efficiency of hydrophilic collagen were 25.9~27.5%.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.18-22
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• 2004

Boiler is one of the most important utilities providing steam to turbine in order to supply mechanical energy in thermal power plant. It is composed of thousands of tubes for high efficient heat transfer. The material for boiler tubes is used in such high temperature and pressure condition as $540^{\circ}C$, 22MPa. The boiler tube material is required to resist creep damage, fatigue cracking, and corrosion damages. 2.25%Cr-1Mo steel is used for conventional boiler tubes, and austenitenite stainless steel is used for higher temperature boiler tubes. But the temperature and pressure of steam in power plant became higher for high plant efficiency. So, the property of boiler tube material must be upgaded to fit the plant property. Several boiler tube material was developed to fit such conditions. X20CrMoV12.1 steel is also developed in 1980's and used for superheater and reheater tubes in supercritical boilers. The material has martensite microstructures which is difficult to evaluate the degradation. In this thesis, degrade the X20CrMoV12.1 steel at high temperatures in electric furnace, and evaluate hardness with Vickers hardness tester and strengths with Indentation tester.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

Heat treatment was performed to improve sound absorption properties for four tree species; Tulip tree, Korean Paulownia, Red pine and Costata birch, at temperature of $175^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$under vacuum condition. Sound absorption properties of two kinds of boards, which were in radial and tangential sections, were measured under a frequency range of 100 to 3200 Hz by the two microphone transfer function method. It was found that sound absorption properties were increased by heat treatment and the efficiency was higher at $200^{\circ}C$ than that at $175^{\circ}C$. Even Costata birch had a little effect on low temperature of $175^{\circ}C$, $200^{\circ}C$ heat treatment for sound absorption property, the efficiencies of sound absorption were 14, 19%, respectively. The efficiencies of sound absorption ranged 22 to 120% for heat-treated Tulip tree, Korean Paulownia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.27-41
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• 2009

Interpreting the phenomenon of Fast fashion that is prevalent these days, this research is meaningful in that it prepares the frame which suggests the vision to read the trend of 2000s and analyzes the property of phenomenon of Fast Fashion in the connection with society and culture. The so[io-cultural property can be largely characterized by consumption orientation, change orientation, efficiency, moment and multiculturism. Analyzing the phenomenon of fast fashion that emerged after 2000 on the basis of such sociocultural background, it is largely classified into imitation, fashionability, disposability, portability, transformation and convergence. Due to the hi-polarization of consumption, people tend to select imitated goods, and people accustomed to speed get interested in the fashionability of all Phenomena. Further, society that is transient and changing rapidly makes the habit of purchasing in disposability. The property of nomad society encourages to keep the habit of portability. Such change-oriented society and rapidly changing life pattern make them adapt in diverse transformation modes of Fast Fashion. Further, multi-cultural world integrates enterprises through combination of all cultures and the convergence of all factors.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

In this paper, a novel quantization method for wideband signal codec with 7 kHz bandwidth is proposed. In the transform-based wideband signal codecs, the signal is transformed to frequency domain and the spectral coefficients in each frequency band are quantized based on human perceptual model, followed by Huffman coding. However, the property of each band varies with frequency, and the codec has poor performance when all bands are quantized with the same method. Therefore, a selective quantization method is proposed, which analyzes the band property and selects the quantization domain between frequency domain and time domain based on the quantization efficiency. It is confirmed that the proposed method has better performance than the quantizer of G722.1 codec.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

The main objective of this study was to investigate the packing state and optical properties of coated paper prepared with different coating colors by varying the blending ratio of such pigment as clay, $CaCO_3$, and plastic pigment. To evaluate the effect of packing state of pigment on the properties of coated paper, the coating thickness, which was theoretically calculated by specific gravity, and packing volume of pigment were used. It was found that there exists close relationship between the coating thickness and surface property of coated paper. For instance, the macro roughness(smoothness) of coated paper is closely related to bulkiness. Plastic pigments used in this research has a high finishing efficiency on the light weight coatings. Especially, hollow sphere pigment was very effective for improving the property of coated paper produced in this test. And when HSP was blended with $CaCO_3$the surface property such as smoothness and gloss improved significantly.