• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.763-770
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• 2018

Bioremediation in situ is heavily dependent on the oxygenic environment which would privide the dwelling microorganism with sufficient oxygen. The situation could be easily resolved with supply of an Oxygen Releasing Compound (ORC). In this paper we prepared that sort of material out of oyster shell powder (mostly calcium carbonate) that prevails every shore areas of the country. We used two different oxidizing methods in the first step of the whole manufacturing process-conventional heating in a furnace and an ultrasound generator to obtain calcium oxide. Then that calcium oxide was further oxidized into calcium peroxide which may release oxygen under a moisturized condition. The oxygen releasing experiments were run to test the performance of our products, and to determine the gas kinetics during the experiments. Interestingly, calcium peroxide derived from ultrasound treatment was much more energy-effective as ORC than that from furnace heating although the heat derived process was better than that of ultrasound in terms of oxygen content and its releasing rate. We also found that most of the data collected from the gas releasing experiments fairly supported an ordinary $1^{st}$ order kinetics to oxygen concentration, which shaped a sharp discharge of oxygen at the very early moment of each test.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

The effect of hand hygiene was measured by hand culture before and after hand hygiene for 86 nurses, doctors, and nurses aide/housekeepers in Surgical Intensive Care Unit. The subjects were asked to press their dominant hand in hand-shaped Mannitol salt agar immediately after patient contact and then washed their hand by preferred hand hygiene agents [soap and water, waterless alcohol gel, or 4% chlorhexidine gluconate detergent (CHG)], and cultured one hand again Amount of isolated microorganism was calculated by counting the number of divided areas ($1{\times}1cm$) which is culture positive in hand culture plate. The amount of microorganisms were significantly reduced from 58.1(${\pm}38.59$) to 27.4(${\pm}30.4$) cells after hand hygiene. The staff nurse's hand hygiene was more effective compared to medical doctors and nurses aide/housekeepers. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was isolated in 41(47.1%) subjects ; but only removed 100% in 28(32.2%) subjects. When the amount of hand microorganisms was compared by subject's preferred hand hygiene agents, it was decreased in order of 4% CHG, waterless alcohol solution, soap and water, and water. The hand hygiene practice was inadequate to reduce hand microorganisms and significantly different by occupations. Further research and development of hand hygiene improvement program which emphasize the quality of hand hygiene is recommended.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.463-466
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• 2009

Streptococcus constellatus (S. constellatus) is a commensal microorganism belonging to the "Streptococcus milleri" group, but may cause infections in different locations in immunocompromised patients. The infection of S. constellatus has high mortality and morbidity due to its tendency to cause abscesses in infected patients, which require immediate surgical drainage for effective treatment. We report on a 72-year-old woman with end stage renal disease, who suffered from dyspnea and general weakness that had developed over 7 days. Chest CT showed loculated pleural effusion. S. constellatus was cultured from exudative pleural effusions and confirmed by an analysis of 16S rRNA sequence. The patient was treated with drainage of pleural effusion and piperacillin/tazobactam for 5 weeks.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.224-232
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• 2010

The natural dyeing of fabrics with persimmon juice(astringent persimmon, sweet persimmon, astringent and sweet persimmon mix) was investigated. After dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics with persimmon juice, we evaluated the dyeability of persimmon juice, the observation of fabric surface with high magnification video microscope, physical properties and color fastness with the conditions of repeating times of dyeing and variables of mordants. The results obtained from this study were as follows: The fabrics dyed with astringent persimmon have shown the highest color difference, while the fabrics dyed with sweet persimmon and the fabrics dyed with astringent and sweet persimmon mix have shown similar color differences. With the increase of repeating times of dyeing, the brightness of fabric decreased. However, $a^*$ value increased gradually, so that it became dark brown color. The $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of dyed fabrics with Fe-mordant have dropped significantly, so that they have shown achromatic colors. But the fabrics treated with other mordants have shown yellowish brown colors. On the surface of the fabrics, threads were bonded together by the viscosity of persimmon juice. Regardless of the types of persimmon juice, stiffness was increased after dying, while crease resistance was decreased. The water repellency of silk fabrics were improved than cotton fabrics after dyeing with sweet persimmon juice, but in case of cotton, it hasn't changed. Washing fastness was improved with the EM(Effective Microorganism)-fermented liquid treatment, and rubbing fastness of two fabrics was better in dry condition than in wet condition.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2007

This study was conducted to select and screen for an antifungal bacterial strain showing pathogen inhibitory activity against Diaporthe actinidiae, which causes stem-end rot in kiwi fruit. Four bacterial strains were isolated which strongly inhibit Diaporthe actinidiae from among two hundred and fifty bacterial strains screened from the soil where kiwi fruit were grown. By co-culturing bacterial strain #72 and the pathogen causing the stem-end rot of kiwi fruit, bacterial strain #72 showed 81.0% antifungal activity against Diaporthe actinidiae. Bacterial strain #72 was identified to be from the genus Bacillus sp. based on morphological and biochemical characterization. The bacterialization of culture broth for Bacillus sp. #72 which was sterilized at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes and than purified by $0.45{\mu}m$ membrane filter showed almost all of the antagonistic activity against Diaporthe actinidiae. We have also confirmed that in vitro treatment of Bacillus sp. #72 cultured in SD+B+P(sugar 5%, soy sauce 3%, beef extract 0.2%, peptone 0.2%) medium efficiently inhibited the growth of Diaporthe actinidiae responsible for stem-end rot in kiwi fruit.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.662-668
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• 2005

To investigate the quality retention method of salted and semi-dried mackerel fillets, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA) and total bacterial counts in the fillets that were UV treated for 1, 3, and 4 hr were periodically measured during 48 days of refrigerated storage. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents were 45.46 %, 18.87 %, 33.75 %, and 2.99 %, respectively. The freshness as determined by pH measurement could be maintained up to 25 days for the control and 31 days for the UV-treated fillets. VBN contents were continually increased over the storage time. The control reached the initial putrid level after 21 days while the UV-treated fillets after $25{\sim}31$ days. A similar tendency was shown for the changes of trimethylamine TMA contents, although the period differed slightly and the increase of the UV treatment time could decrease the TMA contents. The changes on the total bacterial counts of the fillets were maintained under 105 CFU/g during 48days. Especially, due to the effective decrease of the microorganism count by UV treatment at the beginning of the storage, UV -treated fillets showed lower bacterial counts than control over the whole period. E. coli. and Listeria were not detected in any fillets. Combining the above data and the sensory changes, the storage period of the fillets could be prolonged from 15 days at present to 30 days by UV treatments.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 1996

The efficiency of bioremedation can be measured by the enumeration of microorganism, respiration rate and decomposition rate. The side-effect can be measured by using Daphnia, oyster larvae and rainbow trout. Oxygen transfer could be a problem in the on-site treatment. For these, hydrogen peroxide can be used for solvents such as benzenes. Oleophilic nitrogen and phosphorus can be added for the treatment of oil pollution. Mixed microbial population or pure culture can be used for the inoculum. The pure culture used is Pseudomonas and Phanerochate. Sometimes enzymes are added and Photodegadation is coupled to increase the efficiency. For the treatment of oil pollution residue on soil such as waste lubrication oil and machine oil sludges, top soil of 15cm∼20cm depth is plowed and oil residue with approximately 5% concentration is applied. The optimum pH range is 7∼8, the ratio of phosphorus to hydrocarbon is 1:800. Appropriate drainage is necessary. For the treatment of marine oil pollution residue, addition of oleophilic fertilizer is effective. Air pollutiant such as oder can be treated by bioremediation. In this case, biofilters or biosrubbers are used for the reactor.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2014

This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of gamma irradiation (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.5 kGy) on the microbiological, physicochemical and sensory qualities of imported oranges during storage at $20^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. Total aerobic bacteria and yeast/mold counts in non-irradiated oranges increase significantly with increasing storage time. Irradiation has effects on the reduction of microorganism of dose-dependent oranges. The vitamin C contents decrease significantly according to dose-dependent manners and storage times after the gamma irradiation. Sensory evaluation decreases according to dose-ependent manners and storage times, excluding the color. The results suggest that gamma irradiation is effective for ensuring the microbiological safety, but the irradiated oranges more than 1 kGy are not good for physicochemical and sensory qualities. Therefore, irradiated samples of 0.4~0.6 kGy are considered as the optimum-dose for maintaining quality.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.730-736
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• 2013

This study was to establish irradiation process for serving ginseng chicken porridge to immune-compromised patients. Raw chicken, glutinous rice, ginseng, garlic, dried jujube and carrot were used as raw materials for ginseng chicken porridge. The initial level of microorganisms contaminated in raw materials and their predominant species were determined. The level of microorganism detected in raw chicken and in ginseng were 3.4 Log CFU/g and 4.7 Log CFU/g, respectively. Major predominant microorganisms were Pseudomonas fragi in chicken, Enterobactor faecalis in carrot, and Bacillus subtilis in other materials. Chicken and carrot were excluded from irradiation treatment because ordinary thermal treatment can inactivate the microorganisms contaminated in those materials. Five kGy of gamma ray was the effective sterilizing dose required to inactivate B. subtilis in glutinous rice, garlic and jujube, and 10 kGy in ginseng. Ginseng chicken porridge was prepared with each of raw materials gamma-irradiated with the selected sterilizing doses. Control was ginseng chicken porridge prepared with non-irradiated materials. The growth of microorganisms was not observed in the chicken porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials. Sensory results showed that the score of flavor and off-flavor was slightly lower in ginseng chicken porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials than in control. This was considered to be due to the increase of TBARS values by gamma irradiation. However, there was no significant difference on overall acceptance between the porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials and control. The results showed that the individual gamma irradiation of raw materials can be applied to prepare ginseng chicken porridge as meals for the immunocompromised patients.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-152
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• 2000

In order to select an effective antibiotic substance against oral resident bacteria, we were isolated from soil and texonomically analyzed. Seven hundred and eighteen strains were isolated on humic acid- vitamin agar(HV agar) and 220 strains were on methanol medium from three each paddy forest, field and riverside soil samples. So, during the screening of antibiotics from soil, we isolated microorganisms showing powerful antagonistic activity against oral resident bacteria. Microorganism was tested against 25 strains of bacteria, yeast and fungi. Among them, No. 248 strain exhibited the most strongly growth inhibition. So, the taxonomical analysis the isolated strain was found to be unknown Actinomyces sp. and was named No 248. A production of the antibiotics from No. 248 begins at the early exponential phase developed at the 72th hour under the optinum conditions. The property of No. 248 antimicrobial compound was very stable under acid(pH 3.0) and alkali(pH 10.0) treatment, but it was instable in heat treatment at $120^{\circ}C$. For the improvement of antibiotic activity, two mutants were isolated from strain No. 248 by the treatment of mutagenic agents, NTG and hydroxylamine. As a result, the mutant strains excreted the potent antibiotics to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.