• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to suggest an efficient human-resources direction for the management of dental hygienists, the study analyzes the influential relationship between superior's coaching leadership as perceived by dental hygienists and their on the job satisfaction, and proves the moderating effects of leader trust and of followership in the process. Methods : To test the empirical model, data were collected by survey using structural self-administered questionnaires that were distributed to 300 dental hygienists working at dental clinics in the Busan, Ulsan, Gyeongnam, and Gyeonggi areas, from 27 March to 10 April, 2015, 286 cases were used in final analysis. Results : Coaching leadership is found to have a significant influence on job satisfaction. Trust in a leader showed a significant main moderating effect on job satisfaction, on the other hand, followership showed a significant main effect, but no significant moderating effect, on job satisfaction. Conclusions : The results of this study imply that leadership factors such as coaching leadership and leader trust are crucial for improving the job satisfaction of dental hygienists, therefore, a program for enhancing the leadership skills of dental managers is needed in dental health organizations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2000

Results of environmental monitoring for 35 steel industry welders exposed to manganese and chromium fume were evaluated. Efficiency of respiratory protectors, welding face shields and local exhaust ventilation were also evaluated to establish more efficient preventive measures that can protect welders from occupational disease as related to welding fume. The results are as follows; 1. Total fume from $CO_2$ arc welding with mild steel occurred 1.5 to 2.2 times more than that from shielded metal arc welding. Chromium and nickel fume from welding with stainless steel occurred 27 to 59 times and 18 to 30 times, respectively, than those with mild steel. 2. Proportions of water-soluble chromium(VI) and insoluble chromium(VI) Compare to total chromium occurring from $CO_2$ arc welding with stainless steel were 10.5% and 8.7%, respectively, while those with mild steel were 57.1 to 63.2% and 31.6 to 38.1%, respectively. 3. The efficiencies of 4 types of respiratory protectors to reduce welding fume exposure were evaluated as 54.4 to 64.4%. 4. The reducing effect of head type welding face shield was 67.6%, and that of hand type welding face shield was 58.5%. The highest reducing effect was shown in air supply welding face shield as 99.2%, although it is not convenient to wear. 5. When welding face shield and respiratory protectors were worn together, the reducing efficiency increased to 79.0 to 87.5%. 6. When local exhaust ventilation was installed in workplace, the reducing efficiencies varied from 31.5 to 73.1% according to the types of welding.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2005

To evaluate the effect of lead biomarkers including bone lead on neurobehavioral test in lead workers, 652 lead workers without any occupational exposure to organic solvent, mercury and arsenic were agreed to participate this study. For the control subjects 102 non-occupationally lead exposed blue collar workers in general manufacturing industries were also joined this study. All study subjects joined this study with written informed consent. The study variables of lead exposure were blood and patella lead. For the general characteristics of study subjects, standardized questionnaire regarding age, sex, past disease history, job duration, body mass index (BMI), drinking and smoking habit were provided. For the past history of neurotoxicity related diseases, all study subjects were interviewed by qualified occupational health physician. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Compared with controls without occupational lead exposure, lead exposed subjects had worse performance on all tests(p<0.05). 2. After adjustment for covariates (age, sex, job duration, education level, BMI, smoking and drinking status), the signs of the regression coefficients for blood lead were negative for 13 of the 14 tests. Blood lead was a significant predictor of poorer scores on 8 tests (simple reaction time(ms & root MSD), Trail-Making Test B, Digit Symbol Substitution, Purdue Pegboard assembly, Digit Span Test, Benton Visual Retention, and Purdue pegboard both hand). 3. After adjustment for covariates (age, sex, job duration, education level, BMI, smoking and drinking status), the signs of the regression coefficients for patella lead were negative for 12 of the 14 tests. Patella lead was a significant predictor of poorer scores on 8 tests (simple reaction time(ms). Purdue Pegboard assembly, Digit Span Test, Benton Visual Retention. Pursuit Aiming rest (no. of correct & no. of incorrect), Purdue pegboard non-dominant hand and both hand). With above results, blood lead and patella lead were associated with poorer performance of neurobehavioral tests. In addition, patella lead was confirmed to be better predictor of manual dexterity test in neurobehavioral test battery in lead workers

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 2017

Objectives : This study tried to examine whether there is any difference between the middle-aged men and women in terms of the effect of health-related and oral health-related characteristics on their depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Methods : We used the 2nd year data of the 6th session of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2,008 adults(aged40~64 years) for fulfilling the research objectives. Results : The analysis showed that among middle-aged male and female respondents, household income, subjective health conditions, and stress perception among health-related characteristics had common elements affecting their depressive symptoms. The self-reported oral health conditions affected depressive symptoms for male respondents. On the other hand, chewing problems and contraction of periodontal disease affected depressive symptoms of female respondents. Conclusions : Thus, it is necessary to consider the effect of sex in the relationship between health-related and oral health-related characteristics, and to make efforts to develop differential programs to manage and prevent depressive symptoms among men and women.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effect of bone demineralization and tibia lead on blood lead in retired lead workers. Two hundred thirty five(126 females and 109 males) retired lead workers who worked in 4 different lead factories and 101 non-occupationally lead exposed subjects(51 females and 51 males) were recruited from March 2004 to October 2004. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured at left calcaneous bone area by broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA) method with QUS-2(Metra Biosystems Inc, USA). The BUA value transformed into T-score by WHO standard conversion criteria. Tibia bone lead was measured for skeletal bone lead with K-xray fluorescence(K-XRF) and blood lead was analyzed with flameless atomic spectrophotometer. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and iron were also analyzed. In addition, information for smoking and drinking status and basic personal data such as age, gender and lead exposure were also collected using questionnaire inquiry. Blood lead was correlated with tibia lead (r=0.664) and these two variables were negatively correlated with BMD in bivariate analysis. BMD showed significant main effect on the change of blood lead independent to tibia lead without any effect modification of age or gender; the one T-score unit decrease of mineral bone density made $0.43{\mu}g/dl$ increase of blood lead. On the other hand, tibia lead showed effect modification with gender on blood lead; the slope of tibia lead on blood lead in male was steeper than in female and crossed at around zero of tibia lead. In the multiple regression analysis of blood lead and tibia lead on BMD after adjustment of related covariates, only blood lead showed statistically significant effect on BMD. This study confirmed that BMD and blood lead were significantly associated. To verify the causal association of BMD on blood lead and vice versa, further longitudinal studies are needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3512-3523
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• 2014

This study verified the effects of 'the education and training course for Aestheticians(Skin)' suggested by 'NCS', which is an outcome of the government's efforts to change from an 'educational background-centered society' to a 'capability-centered society' on the 'profession' and 'practice suitability' of actual aestheticians(skin) positively. As a result, three factors except for hygiene-related subjects and basic occupation capability had significant effects on the practical capability, and 4 factors except for the 'basic occupation ability' had significant effects on the 'profession' of skin beauticians. This suggests that people understand as a concept related to professionalism, even though hygiene-related subjects are associated with the customer's health, so it is very important. This means that awareness should be exchanged from practical capability, not professionalism, for hygiene-related subjects. In addition, the basic occupation capability is difficult to acquire for a short time and is organized by the capabilities, which are expected to have synergy effects when combined with professionalism knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare concrete measures to cultivate the basic occupation capability. When the government currently presents the 'NQF' establishment, it will be necessary to check the 'NCS' based on it. On the other hand, there has been no action of the academic world and government. In addition, the subjects related to common occupation capability, skin-related subjects and nail-related subjects are judged to cultivate manpower focusing on the capability, but hygiene-related subjects and basic occupation subjects are judged to seek a new direction to apply as a curriculum for cultivating manpower focusing on capability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.43-70
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• 1994

The effects of potassium chromate (500ppm/500ppm), potassium dichromate (500ppm/500ppm), cobalt chloride (100ppm/10ppm), methylmercuric chloride (100ppm/10ppm) on the biosynthesis of phospholipid and their composition of fatty acids in E.coli and B.subtilis were analyzed. The contents of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and total lipids in treatment with metal compounds were lower to compare with the control. The major fatty acid utilized for biosynthesis of phospholipid was palmitic acid in control of E.coli and B.subtilis. However, in treatment with metal compounds, changes of fatty acid composition utilized for phospholipid formation were as follows. In E.coli major fatty acids were palimitic acid (ave. 26.26%) and cis-vaccenic acid (ave. 10.94%) in treatment with potassium chromate, palmitic acid (ave. 31.41%/31.42%) and stearic acid (ave. 17.92%/19.41%) in treatment with potassium dichromate and cobalt chloride. And in treatment with raethylmercuric chloride, palmitic acid (ave. 26.66%), stearic acid (ave. 15.50%) and cis-vaccenic acid (ave. 20.59%) were used in phospholipid formation. In B.subtilis, the major fatty acid was palmitoleic acid (ave. 15.29% /10.22%) in treatment with potassium chromate and cobalt chloride, and stearic acid (ave. 16.01%) in treatment with potassium dichromate. On the other hand, cis-vaccenic acid (ave. 9.09%), palmitic acid (ave. 17.23%), stearic acid (ave. 6.66%), myristic acid (ave. 6.34%) and lauric acid (ave. 4.75%) were analyzed into major fatty acids in treatment with methylmercuric chloride. As shown in results, specific fatty acid pattern was came out in treatment with metal compounds according to bacteria and treatments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2020

Objectives: For testing asbestos stabilizer products which are used for the maintenance and management of asbestos-containing materials, durability assessment should accompany the evaluation of basic properties and performance. Therefore, in this study we designed a testing method and constructed a database of durability performance, thereby providing basic data for reliability studies of asbestos stabilizer. Methods: Since the ceiling materials targeted in this study are interior materials, test conditions of 95% relative humidity and 60℃ temperature were designed in consideration of the effect of high relative humidity in summer and seasonal indoor temperatures. Plate-shaped specimens treated with asbestos stabilizers were maintained in a thermo-hygrostat for 5, 10, and 20 days, and then the asbestos scattering prevention rate was measured by air erosion testing. Results: The scattering concentration tended to increase with time under the single humidity condition, and exceeded the indoor air quality standard of 0.01 f/cc, during the 20 days of maintenance. On the other hand, there was little change according to the temperature condition. In the case of a complex condition with temperature and humidity, the results were similar to the humidity test, but the scattering concentration increased more sharply at 20 days. Conclusions: The main deterioration factor that affects the durability of asbestos stabilizer is humidity, and the deterioration is caused by a mechanism in which the stabilizer coated on the surface is re-dissolved by moisture and evaporates or the coating layer is peeled off, which is accelerated by high temperatures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2011

Methylcyclohexane is frequently used in industrial sites (2,592tons/year) as rubber adhesives, ink, paint thinners, organic solvents, and so on. However, there are limited data on the toxic evaluation of methylcyclohexane. This study aims to predict the hazards and neurological effects of methylcyclohexane using SD rats in order to prevent health disorders of workers. The OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals (OECD, 2001) was used as a reference during the tests. For 13 weeks (once a day, five days per week) 0, 10, 100 and 1,000mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane was injected to SD rats to observe any changes in the body or organ weight, hematology, histopathology, mobility, blood pressure, and neurotransmitter. As a result, some male and female SD rats injected with 1,000mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane died. On the other hand, surviving rats showed significant changes such as hematological changes involving the decrease in the number of red blood corpuscles, and the decrease or increase in the weight of the lungs, kidneys, spleens, and livers (p< 0.05, p<0.01). Also histopathological lesions were observed in the hearts and kidneys. In the test for the effect on the nervous system, SD rats injected with 100mg/kg/day of methylcyclohexane had higher blood pressure levels compared to the control group. However, no abnormal effects was observed in the mobility, serotonin, neurotransmitter, and the biopsy of the brain and coronary arteries. The study results revealed that the livers, hearts, and kidneys were affected by methylcyclohexane. The absolute toxic dose of methylcyclohexane is 1,000mg/kg/day, NOAEL is 100 mg/kg/day, and it is not a toxic substance to the nervous system.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.257-270
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• 2014

This article tried to find how they foster their emotion and promote their health, as examining the effect of self-esteem and self-efficacy on self-esteem and self-efficacy in middle-aged women. This paper conducted a survey for women in 40 50s who live in Daegu Metropolitan for one month from the 1st of May, 2013. As the result of analysis on primary factor, it was classified into 5factors of organizing such as the physical behavior for preparing their old age, the behavior for preparing their old age of participation in social activities, the behavior for preparing their old age of preparing death, the emotional behavior for preparing their old age and the economic behavior for preparing their old age. The self-efficacy had the positive effect on the physical, emotional and economic behavior for preparing their old age, on the other hand, the self-esteem and the self-efficacy had the positive effect on the behavior for preparing their old age of participation in social activities and of preparing death. It can be said to be more important that the middle aged-women have to make an effort to develop self-esteem and self-efficacy for improving the behavior for preparing their old age, in addition, this article suggests to develop a systematic program that may inspire a belief for the behavior that needs to get the desired result, and to require continuing interest.