• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.73-84
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to apply fundamental data of impression formation research by analysing and observing the various facial image that can be effected from hair style as well as be helpful for choosing suitable hair style for T.P.O in modern society. This study targeted 305 college women in Daegu and Gyung-book area. Hair Style Image Scale(HSIS)was used the scale of seven point modified the S-D(Semantic Differential) method. The analysis of impression formation effect of hair style using SPSS WIN package have completed from the principal component analysis by Varimax perpendicular rotation method and ANOVA was used to recognize the difference in impression formation according to hair style change. In the case of statistical difference was appeared, LSD post-verification was applied for that. The conclusions of this study is as followed ; 1. The factors of impression formation effected by hair style were classified as goodwill factor, refinement factor, elegance factor and individuality factor. 2. In terms of goodwill factor, long hair style showed highest level and short cut hair, bobbed hair in an order. In refinement factor, there was no difference between short cut hair and bobbed hair and both of them was higher than long hair. In elegance factor, long hair was highest and bobbed hair was lowest. In individuality factor, short cut hair and bobbed hair higher than long hair and no difference between short cut hair and bobbed hair.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.701-712
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• 2015

This study analyses "Survey of Health and Behavior of Children and Adolescents" which is conducted by National Youth Policy Institute that investigated influential factors in difference between actual obesity and perceptional obesity. GLM (Generalized Linear Mode) was carried out to estimate the effects on the eating habits and physical activities and multinomial logit analysis was carried out to examine the influential factors in difference between actual, obesity and perceptional obesity. The results of this study are shown as follows. First 72.0% of total respondents showed the congruence between actual obesity and perceptional obesity and 24.6% of total respondents perceived them fatter than actual. The remaining 3.5% perceived them thinner than actual. Second, the main effects of actual obesity and perceptional obesity on eating habits were statistically significant, but interaction effect between them was not statistically significant. The main effects of actual obesity and perceptional obesity on physical activities and interaction effect between them were all statistically significant. Third, the influential factors in difference between actual obesity and perceptional obesity were gender, age, school record, education of parents, subjective economic status, and living together with family.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2015

This study classifies vanity into groups, analyzes age differences and categorizes price attitudes toward apparel products. Questionnaires were administered to 461 college students living in Daegu City and Kyungbok province. Data were collected using frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and t-test. The findings were as follows. College student vanity was classified into three groups of appearance/ achievement pride, low vanity, and appearance/achievement concern. Vanity showed a significant correlation with sub-variables of age difference and price attitude towards apparel products. Appearance pride and achievement concern (sub-variables of vanity) had a significant effect on the conspicuous of price attitude toward apparel products. Appearance pride and Appearance concern (sub-variables of vanity) had a significant effect on information of price attitude toward apparel products. Gender of college students showed a distinction insub-variables of vanity factors such as appearance concern and price attitude toward apparel products such as information, quality, and using coupons. Male students were distinct in look and health as well as age differences by group; female students were distinct in age perception differences (a sub-variable of age difference). Both male and female students showed differences in conspicuousness (a sub-variable of price attitude) toward apparel products by group.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.71-79
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• 2018

For 299 patients who had undergone cataract surgeries we investigated the difference in visual acuity and refractive power before and after cataract surgery and the clinical change of the visual acuity and the refractive power according to age, gender, hospital visit time and specific medical history. We found the factors affecting preoperative and postoperative outcomes of the cataract patients in metropolitan hospitals by input, process, and outcome and analyzed medical characteristics and patient characteristics as the input variables. T-test and ANOVA have been performed for statistical analysis of functional status, and general status and the technical characteristic as the process variable and the outcome variable of diagnosis. Visual acuity improved significantly in patients who had undergone cataract surgery. However, the change in refractive power did not show a statistically significant difference but only a slight difference. The improvement of male patients was greater than that of female patients. The difference in age was more effective in patients under 50 years old and the effect of cataract surgery was relatively high in patients without the presence of specific medical history. Cataract surgery did not seem to help all of the patients, but it is more effective in improving visual acuity and refractive power. We conclude that simultaneous cataract surgery in both eyes is reasonable in order to have at least the better effect.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 2023

Duck farming restriction refers to a program in which duck farms suspend their operations for a certain period at times when the risk of avian influenza (AI) is high and receive compensation from the Korean government. This study analyzed the effect of this duck farming restriction on the incidence of AI using data on regional AI incidence rates, the program participation rate, and characteristics of poultry farming in 2016 (before the implementation of the restriction), as well as data from 2020 and 2021 (when new AI outbreaks occurred). In this study, the treatment group was divided into five subgroups according to the policy participation rate and a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation was conducted using certain covariates, in this case the average number of ducks raised, the land area, the number of high-susceptibility farms, the number of low-susceptibility farms, the average number of farms within a 3 km radius, the average distance to the nearest farm, and a year dummy. The results showed that when more than 30% of all duck farms in a region participated in the farming restriction, it had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of AI. Specifically, when more than 30, 40, 50, and 60% of all duck farms participated in the farming restriction, the AI incidence rate decreased by 0.7184, 1.0025, 1.5844, and 1.5843%p, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1225-1236
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of aromatherapy, showing how the composition handling of aromatherapy and abdominal massage treatment reaches body ingredient transformation. The subjects for this research were total 18 middle-aged females in Seoul; aroma massage group of 7 females, aroma inhalation and water bathe group of 5 females, abdominal massage group of 6 females by jojoba oil without any medical effect. This clinic trial was held from July 1, 2008 to Aug.14, 2008. I held this clinic trial under the same condition after and before this clinic. A standard tape and OLYMPIA 3.5 of S hospital were used at the body measuring for subjects after and before clinic trials. I got Average and standard deviation by data analysis by SPSS Win. Ver.14.0. I did paired t-test for the comparison of before and after, and repeated measure ANOVA for between two groups or among three groups'. The verification was held Duncan Test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Body mass quotient (F=2.86, p= .063) and Body region (F=1.34, p= .279) among three groups showed no meaningful difference, but weight meaningful difference and aroma massage group showed the greatest difference of body measure change quantity. 2. In change quantity of abdomen girth, Waist circumference and WHR, abdomen girth (F=4.56, p= .012) and Waist circumference (F=4.37, p= .031) showed a meaningful statistical difference. The result of subsequent inspection showed that there was a meaningful difference among three groups and aroma massage group was best. 3. In Cell quantity, Body region quantity and Muscle volume, Body region quantity (F=2.76, p= .182) and Muscle volume (F=3.12, p= .054) showed no difference, but Cell quantity (F=3.79, p= .040) showed a meaningful difference. In the comparison of three groups there was no difference, but aromatherapy group showed more change quantity than any other group. According to the result of this study, the composition handling of aromatherapy and body massage was effective in the decrease of Abdominal fatness and Waist circumference, Weight and the increase of Cell quantity. so I suggest that woman use this therapy in the program of obesity management for her health improvement.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.98-113
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• 1995

The purpose of this study were two fold : first, to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on BP, pulse rate, body fat, body weight, symptoms of sterss response: and secondly, to apply the aerobic exercise on nursing practice in the healthy or ill subjects. In an attempt to investigate the physiological and psychological effect of exercise, a quasi -experiment, non-equivalent control group pre-test & post-test design was planned. Experiments were carried out from July 4, through August 30, 1994 with 37 subjects conveniently sampled from K & Y sports center located in Taejon. The 37 research subjects were assigned to experimental(16 subjects) and control(21 subjects) groups. Aerobic exercise was carried out for experimental group from three times to five times a week for 6 weeks in aerobic center. Data were analyzed with t-test, mean, per centage of change using SAS program. Results were obtained as follows: 1) Systolic blood pressure (M=123.75mmHg, % of change=1.12%) and diastolic blood pressure (M=74.38mmHg, % of change=5.79%) was increased on that of experimental group after 6 weeks experiment. But there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 2) Body weight was decreased on that of experimental group(M=56.54Kg, % of change=-1.60%) and that of control group(M=52.05, % of change=-0.99%) after 6 weeks. But there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 3) Body fat was decreased on that of experimental group(M=30.53%, % of change=-3.60%) and that of control group (M=28.75%, % of change=-3.52%) after 6 weeks. There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. 4) Pulse rate was decreased on that of experimental group(M=69.19회/min, % of change -8.43%) and that of control group(M=76.0회/min, % change -0.07%) after 6weeks. There was significant difference(t=-2.621, P<0.05) between experimental group and control group. 5) Symptoms of stress response were decreased on that of experimental group(M=0.97) and that of control group(M=1.15) after 6 weeks. There was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. Therefore, adherence to aerobic exercise for 6 week seem to be affected mainly pulse rate of subjects. A futher study is necessary to determine the difference in the effect of variety exercise, programs, to study over 6 weeks, to produce professional educational program for exercise speciality nurses.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2016

This paper presents a dynamic crack propagation algorithm with Rayleigh damping effect based on the MLS(Moving Least Squares) Difference Method. Dynamic equilibrium equation and constitutive equation are derived by considering Rayliegh damping and governing equations are discretized by the MLS derivative approximation; the proportional damping, which has not been properly treated in the conventional strong formulations, was implemented in both the equilibrium equation and constitutive equation. Dynamic equilibrium equation including time relevant terms is integrated by the Central Difference Method and the discrete equations are simplified by lagging the velocity one step behind. A geometrical feature of crack is modeled by imposing the traction-free condition onto the nodes placed at crack surfaces and the effect of movement and addition of the nodes at every time step due to crack growth is appropriately reflected on the construction of total system. The robustness of the proposed numerical algorithm was proved by simulating single and multiple crack growth problems and the effect of proportional damping on the dynamic crack propagation analysis was effectively demonstrated.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.198-223
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean medicine treatment on facial asymmetric treatment in 5 cases of facial asymmetry correction by non - surgical treatment such as acupucture, chuna treatment, FCST (Functional cerebrospinal technique) and cranial osteopathy. Methods: We analyzed the initial charts of 5 patients who had undergone facial asymmetry in a Korean medicine clinic and measured the position and distance using the photograph, lateral cephalograms, and whole body radiograms. The results were as follows. Results: To quantify both soft and hard tissues to confirm the results of Korean medicine treatment of facial asymmetry, soft tissues quantitatively measure the displacement of the face, the slope of the left and right eyes, and the slope of the lip in order to grasp the positional displacement of the mandible. As a result, on the average, the correction effect as measured by the angle difference between A and C is $1.8{\pm}0.57$, the correction effect as measured by the angle difference between B and C is $1.4{\pm}0.89$, and the angle difference between D and the horizontal plane is $1.9{\pm}0.89$, and the angle difference between E and the horizontal plane is $1.9{\pm}0.89$. The result of reduced angle difference between A and C means that the head position shifted from the center of the body to the unilateral side was shifted to the center. The decrease in the angle difference between B and C means the restoration of the maxillary distortion relative to the mandible. In hard tissues, numerical values were measured based on the skull standard. The average distortion of the skull was $1.9{\pm}0.67$, and the distortion of the lower eye was $1.4{\pm}0.41$. Conclusion: General studies on facial asymmetric treatment are limited to treatments such as surgery and orthodontics. However, this study confirmed the possibility that facial asymmetry could be corrected by Korean medical treatment consisting of reversible non-surgical treatment rather than irreversible treatment such as surgery or orthodontic treatment. In particular, Korean medicine treatment is effective for muscular asymmetry, soft asymmetry, functional asymmetry, etc. The facial asymmetric treatment of Korean medicine is not limited to the face-centered correction, but the asymmetry of the whole body may be corrected as well.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-123
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand path of internal narcissism toward SNS addiction tendency of middle school students. The study intended to test the hypothesis that internal narcissism personality would lead to the SNS addiction tendency through interpersonal problems and that the internal narcissism effect on the interpersonal problems can depend on Gender difference The subjects of the study were 240 middle school students (95 male and 145 female students) in Gwangju area. The descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and SPSS Macro PROCESS Model were used. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was a significant positive interpersonal problems mediation efffect between inner narcissism and SNS addiction tendency of middle school students. Second, as a result of examining Gender difference moderatiing effect between internal narcissism, and interpersonal problems relationship. according to gender difference statistically significant. Third, Moderated mediation effect of gender difference and interpersonal problems between internal narcissism personality and SNS addiction tendency relationship is statistically significant. Recently, social networking has become a serious problem in our society and it shows the highest rate of addiction in early middle school students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of psychological factors of inner narcissism and interpersonal problems on the SNS addiction tendency, focusing on the gender differences in middle school students, and to provide basic data to prevent adolescent SNS addiction problems have.