• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.49-62
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to find out the catalogue and online-order apparel shoppers' impulsive purchase orientation and impulsive purchase stimuli. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to women over than 20 years, and collected from middle to the end of November in 2000. Frequencies, percentages, and mean were calculated. One-way ANOVA, chi-square test, factor analysis, and cluster analysis were used, and Duncan's Multiple Range test was followed. 1. Factors of impulsive purchase orientation were relax from negative moods, design property, inducement from neighbors, taste congruence, price property of apparel, positive moods, and loose-control, and were segmented into the low impulsive purchaser, the reasonable purchaser, the fulfilled with positive moods, and the high impulsive purchaser. The factors of impulsive purchase stimuli were apparel property, consumer service, sales promotion on the point of sales, and low price. 2. The low impulsive Purchaser was affected little by impulsive purchase stimuli, spent a little money on apparel, and the married with high education level were the most. The reasonable purchaser was affected by sales promotion on the point of sales or low price, spent a little money on apparel, and students or house-wives were the most The fulfilled with positive moods was affected by low price, and students or career women with high education level were the most, but spent less money on apparel. The high impulsive purchaser was affected by various impulsive purchase stimuli, the young unmarried with high education level were the most, and spent more money on apparel. 3. The younger, the unmarried, students or career women, and shoppers with higher income or apparel expenditure showed a higher impulsive purchase tendency for relax from negative mood, design property, for inducement from neighbor, taste congruence, and positive moods. 4. The older, the married, house wives, and shoppers with higher apparel expenditure were stimulated by apparel property or consumer services.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.85-103
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to figure out the urban low-income consumers' present possesion condition of electric appliances, the way of purchasing, shopping scope of groceries and electric appliances, and the shopping scope and information seeking behavior of groceries and electric appliances according to the socioeconomic variables, and the shopping scope of electric appliances according to the way of paying price. For this purpose 129 low-income consumers living in Inchon were interviewed through questionnares. Finally 100 questionnares were analyzed. The first major of this study is that the possesion rates of color television set and refrigerator are comparativelyl high, while those of washing machine, record player and camera are low. In case of electric appliances, consumers usually purchase things on credit and as a shopping place, they usually go to a commercial agent. In case of groceries, they usually buy things for cash, and in case of one price labeled groceries they usually buy things at a supermarket. Second, according to the way of paying price, the shopping scope of some electric appliances is broader in case of purchase for cach than in case of purchase on credit. Third, the shopping scope and information seeking behavior classified by the socioeconomic variables according to the income, age and education. That is as the income and education become higher and the age becomes lower, the shopping scope becomes broader, mass media information source is much more uaed and the frequency of seeking becomes higher. Through this study, I would like to suggest the followings. (1) The problem of low-income consumers is closely connected with the low education level, so it can be solved a bit through consumer education. (2) Especially the consumers' problem is more serious in case of those who are aged and get very low income and education. Therefore special attention is needed to those consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of the quality of school meals by parents of kindergarten children in Seoul, analyze the acceptance price and the optimal school meal cost using PSM (price sensitivity measurement) techniques, and provide basic data for improving the quality of kindergarten meals. The survey was conducted using descriptive statistics and PSM analysis of the responses of 1,272 parents of 779 kindergarten children belonging to the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education from April to May 2021 and prior research analysis related to kindergarten meals. 74.1% of the parents surveyed were women, with 61% of children attending kindergartens attached to elementary schools, followed by private kindergartens (28.9%) and public kindergartens (10.1%). According to a study of the quality of meals, private kindergarten parents are highly satisfied with all the quality attributes of meals, such as "sanitation of dining environment" and "nutritionally balanced food" (p<0.001, p<0.01). The analysis of the acceptance price range and the optimal price for school meals showed that there was no significant variation based on the type of kindergarten establishment, with parents' acceptance price range ranging from 3,596 won to 4,454 won with an optimal price of 3,948 won.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.483-492
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• 2015

This study involved elementary schoolchildren in Busan Metropolitan city and assumed the foundation of social cooperative associations that provide education services for meteorological fields, then we analyzed expected profits in a year for successful operation of first year. Twelve variables relating to profits and expenses were derived, and we used the decision tree for analyzing optimal expected profits. Profit-related variables were lecture's fee per hour and price of textbooks. Expense-related variables were production costs for the textbooks, annual salary for a teacher, education costs for a teacher, developing costs for the textbooks, traveling expenses, rental fees, and operating costs. Besides, by adding education demands, the number of grades, and the number of teachers, we analyzed changes in expected profits, considering variability of profits and expenses. As a result, despite of expected lower demands, to increase price of textbooks and education costs per hour was of advantage to enhance expected profits. The reason is that the more demand, the more increased production costs for textbooks, which is because not to make enough profits to offset the increased expenses due to lowered price of textbooks and education costs. Considering the value of public interest for social cooperative associations, price determination only concerning increase in demands will be avoided.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to estimate the own price elasticities for tobacco demand among Korean urban households. Using the expenditure data of smoking urban households, the quadratic almost ideal demand system is estimated. The estimated price elasticity of tobacco demand is -0.52 on the average value. The higher households income, the higher education level of households head, and the higher number of children, the tobacco demand gets more inelastic.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 2009

This study analyzed consumers' willingness to pay for price increases to avoid the purchase of GM foods by the expansion of GMO labeling. The subjects were asked about their knowledge of GM, concerns of potential hazards, and sources of obtained GM information. The logit model was employed and marginal effects were calculated to interpret the results. The results showed that consumers who perceived the safety of GM technology were less likely to pay for price increases, while consumers who had concerns about GM foods were more likely to pay. In addition, the study demonstrated that consumers residing in urban areas and with low levels of education and income were also less likely to pay for price increases.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.607-612
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• 2021

This study estimated the impact of the shock of housing price increase on the total fertility rate and the contribution of each variable to changes in the TFR. This study is differentiated by estimating the contribution rate of each variable to the fertility rate through the Shapley decomposition and the panel VAR's forecast error variance decomposition, which previous studies have not attempted. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the decline in the TFR in Korea has been strongly influenced by the recent decline in the total fertility rate, and this influence is expected to continue in the future. In the case of housing costs, in the past, housing sales prices had a relatively small contribution to changes in the total fertility rate compared to the jeonse prices, but their influence is expected to increase in the long term in the future. It has been demonstrated that private education expenses other than housing sale price and Jeonse price also acted as a major cause of the decline in the total fertility rate.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-118
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• 1997

Main findings of this study are as follows. Time-space model of Korea for urban growth model is established. The variables of space model resulted in job and education, which both are significant at 0.01 level and positive. The effect of job and education on the urban growth are 0.76 and 0.29 respectively in average. the determinants for deciding the influences for job variable are income variable and price-level variable. Income variable contributes 68.66% and the direction is negative while contribution of price-level variable is 29.90% and the direction is positive. The determinants for education variable are income, unemployment and wage difference between university graduates and high school graduates. The contribution and the high school graduates. The contribution and the direction of each variable for education variable are 63.6% and positive for the unemployment variable, 15.99% and negative for the income variable and 13.75% and positive for the wage difference variable. This study in different from previous works in three ways. The first is to establish the time-space model which could consider the time and space factor simultaneously. The second is to build data bases which contain the data of almost every city and every year in Korea during the objective period, which make the analysis continuous. The third is that the general analytic framework for the study is macrosocial one rather than a behavioral one, which means the unit of analysis is the metropolitan community and each city occupies population actively through it's potential power such as jobs, education and so on rather than a city population is the passive result of migration.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 2008

This study is intended to analyse the economic sensitivity of imported fishery products due to decrease in or elimination of tariff rates through the progress of free trade. Forty-seven species of fishes were selected for this study on the basis of the HS Code. The substitution and price effects were calculated using the price elasticities of both domestic and imported demands for fishery products under the assumption of 5% decrease in a tariff rate. Seven main economic variables were extracted from the fishery industry which can mediate the substitution and price effects. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to obtain the influence weights of these main economic variables on both effects. The order of sensitivity of the fishes was calculated using these weights. The 47 fish species were classified into four groups according to their sensitivity based on the means and the standard deviations of their total scores on seven main economic considerations. Nine fish species such as squids, hair tails, shellfishes, and crabs belonged to the hyper-sensitive group, whereas 15 fishes such as eels, sea breams, and sea weeds belonged to the sensitive group. Twelve species including common sea basses, cods, and abalones were among the less-sensitive group, and 11 species including skate rays and mud fishes comprised the non-sensitive group.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.414-432
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• 2012

Land price is a kind of text to read urban spatial structure. The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the characteristics of Daegu's urban structure and its change in time through exploring spatio-temporal variations of land price with a detailed spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this, land value surfaces were represented using the officially assessed land price every other year from 1995 to 2011. Through mapping and exploring spatio-temporal patterns and fluctuation rates of land price for this period, changes in urban structure, the effects of local decision makings such as Greenbelt adjustment, housing site development, and gentrification, and the effects of business fluctuations or policies at global or national scales could be caught. In addition, the trends for suburbanization and multi-centric urban form could be examined from the results of a negative exponential model explaining the effect of distance from an urban center on spatial variation of land price. These results demonstrate that urban analysis using land price mirroring spatial decision making at various scales could deepen understanding for internal structure and change of a city and provide useful information for establishing regional and urban development policies and evaluating their effects.