• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of vertical movement of mandible according to Angle's molar relationship and by skeletal factors affect to vertical movement of mandible. 172(age ranged from 20 to 30) subjects who go to college within territory of Kwangju city without any experience of temporomandibular disorder, extraction and orthodontic treatment. were selected for this study. The subjects were classified into class I(male:30, female:49), class II(male:18, female:24) and class III(male:18, female:33) according to Angle's molar relationship. The distance was measured between incisal edge of maxillary and mandibular central incisor and between bottom of central fossa of maxillary and mandibular 1st molar with ruler. The arch length and width were measured on the diagnostic cast. Cephalometrics were taken and then traced. Landmarks were identified and analyzed. 1. Maximal interincisal opening of male is larger than that of female in class I, class II and class III. Among each group maximal interincisal distance is the largest in class III. Maximal intermolar distance of male is superior to that of female in class I, class II, and class III, but there is no siginficant difference among them. 2. On maximal opening movement of Angle's classification class I and class II, total mandibular length, mandibular ramal length, madibular inferior border length and upper arch width were important variables and facial length, upper arch length and lower arch length had negative relationship to that. On maximal opening movement of Angle's class III, the upper arch length, the lower arch length and anterior facial length were important variables especially when compared with class I and II, and upper arch width had negative relationship. These results suggest that maximal opening movement is affected by facial morphology in all classes, but each group is affected by different facial skeletal variables. Accordingly, facioskeletal variables might be considered as diagnosis and treatment to improve the amount of mouth opening.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.1693-1702
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• 1999

This paper proposes the use of an adaptive Wiener filter for edge-preserving image filtering. Images are partitioned into a set of blocks of pixels which is divided into five subsets of blocks according to their edge contents and orientations. Each subset of blocks is used to define a covariance matrix, from which a Wiener filter is derived. Five covariance matrices and Wiener filters are thus obtained. An image-block classifier using the five sets of covariance matrices of the class is designed to classify each incoming block of pixels according to its edge content in the presence of noise. Experimental results are included to verify the usefulness of the proposed method.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.947-959
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• 2021

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy in the water boundary automatic extraction of islands from GF-2 remote sensing image with high resolution in three bands, new water edges automatic extraction method in island based on GF-2 remote sensing images, genetic algorithm (GA) method, is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the GA-OTSU threshold segmentation algorithm based on the combination of GA and the maximal inter-class variance method (OTSU) was used to segment the island in GF-2 remote sensing image after pre-processing. Then, the morphological closed operation was used to fill in the holes in the segmented binary image, and the boundary was extracted by the Sobel edge detection operator to obtain the water edge. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was better than the contrast methods in both the segmentation performance and the accuracy of water boundary extraction in island from GF-2 remote sensing images.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 1988

To investigate edge vegetation structure and edge species in Chiak Mountain National Park, field survey was executed from July to September, 1988. Canonpy drip-line type, cantilevered type and advancing type of edge vegetation were observed on site. The relative importance values of major species in each crown layer were changed along distance from edge to forest interior differently by aspect and present tree layer vegetation. Especially light-oriented edge species as codominant species were observed in Pinus densiflora forest interior at south slope and moisture - oriented species as codominant species were observed with light-oriented species in north edge beside torrential stream. No. of species and individuals by crown layer, species diversities and dissimilarities were decreased according to the distance from edge to forest interior, and edge depth was estimated as 15-20m. Dominant species of edge in shrub and ground layer were different by altitude and topographic locations; valley, ridge, summit and edge species at summit were not observed at other area. Floristic similarities between edge vegetations at different environments were affected by altitude, aspect and topographic location. Frequency classes of edge species were different by aspect, altitude and topographic location. Weigela subscssilis showed high frequency class in all environment conditions and Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Symplocos chinensis for, pilosa, weigela subscssilis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Actinidia arguta, Rubus crategifolius. Pinus densiflora, Aralia elata etc, were observed as edge species at all environmental conditions, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.4684-4692
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• 2022

Radionuclide identification is an important part of the nuclear material identification system. The development of artificial intelligence and machine learning has made nuclide identification rapid and automatic. However, many methods directly use existing deep learning models to analyze the gamma-ray spectrum, which lacks interpretability for researchers. This study proposes an explainable radionuclide identification algorithm based on the convolutional neural network and class activation mapping. This method shows the area of interest of the neural network on the gamma-ray spectrum by generating a class activation map. We analyzed the class activation map of the gamma-ray spectrum of different types, different gross counts, and different signal-to-noise ratios. The results show that the convolutional neural network attempted to learn the relationship between the input gamma-ray spectrum and the nuclide type, and could identify the nuclide based on the photoelectric peak and Compton edge. Furthermore, the results explain why the neural network could identify gamma-ray spectra with low counts and low signal-to-noise ratios. Thus, the findings improve researchers' confidence in the ability of neural networks to identify nuclides and promote the application of artificial intelligence methods in the field of nuclide identification.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.17A no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

Even networks were introduced as a class of fault-tolerant multiprocessor networks and analyzed so many useful properties and algorithms such as simple routing algorithms, maximal fault tolerance, node disjoint path. Introduced routing algorithms and node disjoint path algorithms are proven to be optimal. However, it has not been introduced to constructing scheme for edge-disjoint spanning trees in even networks. The design of edge-disjoint spanning trees is a useful scheme to analyze for measuring the efficiency of fault tolerant of interconnection network and effective broadcasting. Introduced routing algorithm or node disjoint path algorithm are for the purpose of routing or node disjoint path hence they are not applicable to constitute edge disjoint spanning tree. In this paper, we show a construction algorithm of edge-disjoint spanning trees in even network $E_d$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

In a distribution of the digital image, there is a serious problem that is distributed an illegal forgery image by pirates. For the problem solution, this paper proposes an image forensic decision algorithm using an edge energy information of forgery image. The algorithm uses SA (Streaking Artifacts) and SPAM (Subtractive Pixel Adjacency Matrix) to extract the edge energy informations of original image according to JPEG compression rate(QF=90, 70, 50 and 30) and the query image. And then it decides the forge whether or not by comparing the edge informations between the original and query image each other. According to each threshold in TCJCR (Threshold by Combination of JPEG Compression Ratios), the matching of the edge informations of original and query image is excused. Through the matching experiments, TP (True Positive) and FN (False Negative) is 87.2% and 13.8% respectively. Thus, the minimum average decision error is 0.1349. Also, it is confirmed that the performed class evaluation of the proposed algorithm is 'Excellent(A)' because of the AUROC (Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve is 0.9388 by sensitivity and 1-specificity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2008

Region-based image retrieval techniques, which divide image into similar regions having similar characteristics and examine similarities among divided regions, were proposed to support an efficient low-dimensional color indexing scheme. However, color image segmentation techniques are required additionally. The problem of segmentation is difficult because of a large variety of color and texture. It is known to be difficult to identify image regions containing the same color-texture pattern in natural scenes. In this paper we propose an automatic color image segmentation algorithm. The colors in each image are first quantized to reduce the number of colors. The gray level of image representing the outline edge of image is constructed in terms of Fisher's multi-class linear discriminant on quantized images. The gray level of image is transformed into a binary edge image. The edge showing the outline of the binary edge image links to the nearest edge if disconnected. Finally, the final segmentation image is obtained by merging similar regions. In this paper we design and implement a region-based image retrieval system using the proposed segmentation. A variety of experiments show that the proposed segmentation scheme provides good segmentation results on a variety of images.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.760-767
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• 2015

First annulus formation and age determination of otoliths were examined for chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected in Korean waters over the one year from January to December in 2009. Translucent zone was regarded as an annual mark. Age interpretation criteria was based on the data of the number of translucent zone, capture date, and edge type of the otolith, assuming the nominal birthday to be 1 January. Monthly changes in mean marginal index indicated that translucent zone was formed once a year, mainly in June. The otolith of 0-ring group was detected comparing the progression by month of the smaller fish length, appearing to be a single first opaque zone. The average distance from the core to the first translucent zone was ~1.77 mm, provided as supplementary information to increase ageing accuracy. The ageing criteria for chub mackerel was made to determine correct year-class with the purpose of effective stock assessment. This method using nominal birthdate and edge type analysis could estimate age of fish closer to the true age than purely counting the number of translucent zone on a whole otolith.

• KSCI Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.130-139
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• 1995

This paper suggests the method to shorten the search area by using edge detection and subimage partition. For the purpose reduce encoding time, The Domain areas are reduced 1/64 by partitioning original image to subimage, and classified them into edge area and shade area so that detect only the area in the same class. for achieving an encoding with good fidelity, tried to differ the search method as the threshold value of edge which is included in subimage, and compared the compression rate and fidelity when set the size of range block as $4{\times}4$ and $8{\times}8$.