• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.195-211
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• 2004

The innovation of information and communication technology has brought the emergence of the digital economy in which the growing importance of the Internet for the production and consumption of information has caused a rapid increase of commercial domains. Domains are basic form of Internet address for the delivery of information, but the location of registered commercial domains is not free from a spatial context. Utilizing a database of commercial domain registrations, spatial statistical methods and GIS, the spatial dimensions of the commercial domains are explored for the city of Seoul. Through this research, it was found that the commercial domains were unevenly distributed, namely 44% of commercial domains are located at 3 Gus in Seoul. The locations of commercial domains by themselves represented a strong spatial autocorrelation among adjacent places. In order to identify factors affecting spatial variation in the development of the commercial domains among Dongs, a conditional spatial autoregressive model which effectively eliminates a spatial autocorrelation was used. As a result of this research, it is clearly shown that the selective location of firms having commercial domains and their role in economic activities are influencing the spatial structure of urban with dynamic mix of spatial characteristic.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.285-304
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• 2017

This paper introduces household's decision for schooling and firm's decision for technology-specific training together into the second generation model of endogenous innovation, and analyses how schooling and technology-specific training interact each other, how they respectively affect innovation and economic growth, and also how the portfolio mix of schooling and technology-specific training changes as economy becomes more innovative. Main results are as follows: First, schooling and technology-specific training both have "inverted-U"shape growth effects. Second, schooling investment per labor required for growth maximization is always greater than that for firm profit maximization. Third, the optimal schooling for growth maximization decreases with technology-specific training. Fourth, the schooling effect on technology-specific training is "U"shaped, so that for firm's profit maximization schooling is substitutable for technology-specific training at the relatively lower level of schooling but complementary at its relatively higher level. Fifth, as economy becomes more innovative, the portfolio mix of education changes in favor of schooling.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2023

Efforts to build metaverse platform services and expand profit structure are developing in a more realistic direction. The metaverse, which has been centered on 'creation and economy' and 'discovery', will evolve into an 'experience' metaverse, creating tangible business effects where satisfaction with the user experience leads directly to purchase. In this paper, the condition of the avatar used as a medium of economic activity between the metaverse platformer and the user and the business utilization plan were sought. In addition, a new 'metaverse business model' was proposed based on 'experience, discovery, creation and economy', and in particular, it was intended to lay the foundation for the experience metaverse to further develop in the form of 'business experience'. In addition, a survey was conducted on the 'application of metaverse service and avatar' targeting the MZ generation, the main customer base of the current metaverse service. In order to provide a service that satisfies the user, it was concluded that the appearance of the avatar needs to be changed according to the purpose and function. Accordingly, we propose an 'selective switch mode' that can change the avatar's appearance at the desired timing according to the 'experience' and 'purchase purpose' of each metaverse service area. In addition, by strategically utilizing the 'Digilog' psychology, we believe that it will be possible to promote the influx of new users while increasing the loyalty of existing users to the platform. Through the establishment of 'avatar purchase system' by 'selective switch mode' and 'avatar decorating system' by 'digilog' strategy, the experience metaverse, which has been focused on 'digital twin experience' so far, is As it develops into 'business experience', it is expected that the user experience can be further satisfied.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.184-196
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• 2013

We need to develop new renewable energy that could fundamentally replace fossil fuel, since the volume of economy and industry of our time becomes uncontrollably enormous. One of the alternative is to develop energy based on marine biomass, which would meet environment and energy needs at the same time. The marine bio-energy productions is supposed to occupy 50% to 500 million TOE in bio-energy production that is based on the Korean 3rd new renewable energy technology development, utilization, supply plan until 2030. This study attempts to apply input-output analysis to investigating the economic impacts of marine bio-energy development project in the Korean national economy. More specifically, this study shows what national economy effect of production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, employment-inducing effect, and R&D-inducing effect are explored with demand-driven model. Furthermore, this study attempts to define and classify the marine bio-energy development project sector from I-O table. Also, this study pays particular attention to marine bio-energy development project by taking the industry as exogenous specification and then investigating its economic impacts. The Marine bio-energy development project case 223 billion won, production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect are 312 billion won, 87 billion won, 1,151 persons, and 5 billion won respectively. These quantitative information can be usefully utilized in the policy-making for the industrialization of marine bio-energy development project.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2013

Korean domestic electricity market is saturated through trying to find ways to overcome the limitations of the domestic electricity industry with overseas electricity markets. Korean electricity industry in the overseas market in order to pursue continuous growth, competitive and aggressive investment in overseas market is promoting. This paper attempts to apply input-output analysis to estimate the role of coal thermal power plant sector exports national economy. More specifically, this study shows what national economy effect of production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect are explored with demand-driven model. After define coal thermal power plant sector what small sized of Input-Output table 168 sectors among 17 sectors, this study pays particular and close attention to coal thermal power plant sector by taking the sector as exogenous specification and then investigating economic impacts of it. This study uses coal thermal power plant exportation case of Vietnam project, production-inducing effect, value-added inducing effect, and employment-inducing effect are 2,853 billion won, 973 billion won and 14,761 persons, respectively.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.27-67
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• 2012

This paper analyzed the effect of transaction costs on the prices and trading volumes at the initial stage of emission markets and also examined how the size of the effect differs depending on the characteristics of the transactions. We built trading protocols modeling a recursive process to search the trading partner and make transactions with several behavioral assumptions considering the situations of early markets. The simulations results show that adding transaction costs resulted in reduction of trading volumes. Furthermore, the speed of reduction in trading volume to the increase of transaction costs is higher when there is scale economy. With a certain level of scale economy, the trading volumes abruptly fall down to almost zero as the transaction cost gets over a certain level. This suggests the possibility of a failed market. Since the scale economy is thought to be significant in the early stage of emission trading market, it is desirable to design a trading system that maximizes trading volumes and minimizes unit transaction costs at the outset. One of the alternatives to meet these conditions is to establish a centralized exchange and take measures to increase trading volumes.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

North Korea is currently undergoing an economic crisis of industrial productivity reduction, which resulted from decreased energy production and economic sanctions due to conflicts with the international society. This paper examined the technological status of North Korea's natural gas and coal industries which are essential sectors for recovery of the economy and North-South cooperation on energy industry. This paper also analyzed investment strategies in North Korean energy industries and calculated the size of economic ripple effect of the investment on North and South Korea. In order to analyze the effect of the investment on North Korean economy, we constructed an inter-industry relation table of North Korea for year 2014 and used an input-output model. The ripple effect of the investment in natural gas and coal industries turned out to be 1.012 billion dollars and 2.742 billion dollars respectively. In order to analyze the ripple effect of the investment on South Korean economy, we constructed an inter-industry relation table of South Korea for year 2013 and used a demand-driven model for inter-industry analysis. As a result, production, added-value and employment inducement coefficients of the investment were calculated as 2.02073, 0.62697 and 8.99409 for the natural gas industry and 2.02130, 0.62701 and 9.00413 for the coal industry respectively.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 2018

The Industrial Classification is a systematic taxonomy of industrial activities and the Standard Industrial Classification is used in all country by their own a consistent classification method. Therefore, it is employed to analyze current status of industry affairs using statistical investigations in terms industrial activities for making industrial policies and to compare industrial activity among countries. Since the Second Industrial Revolution, the need for the homogenous standard of industrial classification among countries emerged as the economic and industrial exchanges between the countries have became more active. In 1940, Colin Clark who british economist divided the industry into the first (primitive), second (processed), and third (service) industries. Based on this, the United Nations Office for Statistics (UNSD) established International Standard Industry Classification (ISIC) in 1948, which most countries invoke it. ISIC(International Standard Industry Classification) and the standard industry classifications of countries have reached the present after several revisions since the enactment of the Act. In the 2000s, the standard industry classification is amended to reflect the emergence of new industries and changes in industrial structure, mainly featuring the creation and segmentation of sections in the tertiary industry domains. It also shows that primary and secondary sectors are shifting to tertiary industry. In this study, the causes of these common phenomena are systematically identified and the problems present classification systems have been analyzed. Also proposed is the direction of formation of the industrial classification system from a service economy point of view and the conceptual model of the new classification system. In the future, it is necessary to validate the proposed model through this study and to carry out various new classification system studies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.413-440
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• 2010

Since 2000, as importance of sourcing energy emphasized caused by instability of international oil price, interests toward Caspian countries as an alternative markets has increased. Especially, Azerbaijan, as middle Asian emerging exporting country, has performed drastic economic boom because of massive amount of foreign capital flowed in and construction of BTC pipeline. However, despite this economic surge, there are unbalanced economy which is merely focusing on energy industry and pressure from increase in real exchange rate and inflation. In order to analyze the sustainability of Azerbaijan economy, the total sample time period of this paper is from January 2001 to December 2007 and the term is divided into before and after BTC line construction. Vector Error-Correction Model has been applied to analysis confirming short-term and long-term effect. As a result, Azerbaijan now face the symptoms of the recession during the time period and this is due to high oil price and increase in export influenced by BTC oil pipeline resulting in decrease in real interest rate. This conclusion is to affect competitiveness of manufacturing industry, base industry for economic proliferation, in a negative way.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.4 s.55
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• pp.831-842
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• 1996

Demand for high quality medical care has recently been increasing in step with high level of income and education. Patients prefer the use of large general hospitals to small community hospitals. Large hospitals, usually located at urban area, expand their capacities to cope with the increasing demand, therefore, they easily secure revenue necessary for growth and development of hospitals. However, small community hospitals are facing with serious financial difficulties caused from the reduction of patients in one hand and the inflation of cost in another. If small rural hospitals were closed, the closure would have negative impacts on local economies in addition to the decrease in access to medical care. Community leaders should have an insight on the contribution of community hospitals to local economies. They could make a rational decision on the hospital closure only with the understanding of hospital's contribution to the community. This study is designed to develop an economic model to estimate the contribution of rural hospital to local economies, and also to apply this model with a specific hospital. The contribution of a hospital to local economies consists of two elements, direct effect and multiplier effects. The direct impacts include hospital's local purchasing power, employee's local purchasing power, and the consumption of patients coming from outside the community. The direct impact induces multiplication effect in the local economy. The seed money invested to other industries grows through economic activities in the region. This study estimated the direct effect with the data of expenditure of the case hospital. The total effect was calculated by multiplied the direct effect with a multiplier. The multiplier was drown from the ratio of marginal propensity of income and expenditure. Beside the estimation of the total impacts, the economic effect from the external resources was also analyzed by the use of the ratio of patients coming outside the region. The results are as follows. 1. The direct economic contribution of the hospital to the local economy is 1,104 million won. 2. The value of multiplier in the region is 2.976. 3. The total economic effect is 3,286 million won, and the multiplication effect is 2,182 million won. 4. The economic contribution from the external resources is 245 million won which is 7.5% of the total economic effect.