• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.447-467
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• 2009

Lakoff(2002)의 가족으로서의 국가 은유(nation-as-family metaphor)에 따르면 미국의 보수주의와 진보주의의 도덕성은 각각 국가를 "엄격한 아버지(strict father)" 또는 "자애로운 부모(nurturant parents)"로 보는 서로 다른 가족 은유에 기반을 두고 있으며 보수주의와 진보주의 진영의 입장은 이러한 가족 은유의 가치와 연합되어 있다고 본다. 이 연구는 점화 기법을 사용하여 가족 은유가 실제로 경제적 어려움을 겪고 있는 사람들에 대한 판단에 영향을 미칠 수 있을지 살펴보았다. Lakoff가 언급한 "엄격한 아버지(strict father)"의 도덕성을 점화했을 경우에 비해 "자애로운 부모(nurturant parents)"의 도덕성을 점화한 경우에 참가자들은 사회 보장 프로그램을 필요로 하는 사람들의 성품을 좀 더 긍정적으로 평가하며 그들이 처한 경제적 어려움을 개인의 책임으로만 돌리지 않는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 보수주의와 진보주의적 태도와 관점을 구성하는 요체가 무엇인지 되짚어 보게 하며 특히 사회 정책의 결정 및 정치적 판단에 미칠 수 있는 상황적 요인의 역할에 대한 시사점을 제공한다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2024

As a phreatophyte, pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is widely grown in water-limited conditions and recognized as an economically valuable crop in semi-arid regions. In Tajikistan, pistachio grows naturally and artificially in 79,000 ha, but the nut yield is very low due to less-developed plantation technologies. In this study, differences in pistachio plantation technologies of the major pistachio-producing countries and Tajikistan were analyzed to suggest ways to improve plantation technologies in Tajikistan. In the major pistachio-producing countries such as Iran, the United States and Turkey, seedlings of high nut-yielding varieties are grafted before planting. As a result, annually 349-4,479 kg ha^-1 of nuts are harvested in those countries. On the other hand, Tajikistan annually produces only 0.6-3.7 kg ha^-1. While seven suitable high nut-yielding varieties (Albina, Dangarinka, Saboh, Green girl, Mountain pearl, October, and Orzu) have been identified as suitable for Tajikistan's environment, the plantation area with grafted individuals using these varieties is limited to only 1.5 ha, necessitating widespread adoption. The low utilization of the high nut-yielding varieties is attributed to the lack of grafting specialists and skills, which have hindered increasing pistachio nut production in Tajikistan. Therefore, improving the basic capability of pistachio grafting should be prioritized to expand the economic profits from the pistachio forests in Tajikistan.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2024

IT 관련 분야는 너무나도 다양하다. 2018년 현재 4차 산업혁명으로부터 이루어진 IT 혁명은 이전과는 다른 새로운 분야들의 등장을 이루어 냈을 뿐만 아니라 과거에 이미 이슈가 되었지만 파묻혀 있던 여러 분야들의 재조명 또한 이루어 냈다. 기업이나 공공기관에서는 이러한 현 상황에 맞추어 IT 동향 파악에 큰 관심을 가지고 있기에 본 논문에서도 국내의 논문들이 제공하는 키워드를 분석하는 방법으로 IT 동향을 파악하였다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 이루어졌던 산업 동향 분석이나 경제 분석과는 달리 직접 이루어진 IT 관련 연구에 대한 석박사들의 논문들이 제공하는 키워드를 분석하는 방법에 초점을 맞추어 더 원초적이며 직접적인 IT 동향을 파악한다. 이러한 분석은 IT 업계 쪽으로 나아가려는 학생들 혹은 이러한 학생들에게 방향을 제시하려는 교육자들에게 IT 기술을 연구한 학술적인 논문들을 분석한 데이터를 토대로 앞으로의 비전을 예측하고 제시한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.279-294
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• 2024

Agriculture has played a significant role in the national economy, contributing to food security, driving economic growth, and safeguarding the dietary habits of the population. Korean agriculture has been compelled to focus on intensive farming due to its limited cultivation area, excessive input costs, and the limitations of agricultural mechanization. In the Republic of Korea (R.O.K), the concept of environmentally friendly animal agriculture began to be introduced in the early 2000s. This concept ultimately aims to cultivate sustainable animal agriculture (SAA) through environmentally friendly production practices, ensuring the healthy rearing of animals to supply safe animal products. Despite the government's efforts, there are still significant challenges in implementing environmentally friendly agriculture and SAA in the R.O.K. Therefore, the objective of this review is to establish the direction that the animal agriculture sector should take in the era of climate crisis, and to develop effective strategies for SAA tailored to the current situation in the R.O.K by examining the trends in SAA in the U.S. The animal agriculture sector in the U.S. has been working towards creating a SAA system where humans, animals, and the environment can coexist through government initiatives, industry research, technological support, and individual efforts. Efforts have been made to reduce emissions like carbon, and improve factors affecting the environment such as the carbon footprint, odor, and greenhouse gases associated with animal agriculture processes for animals such as cattle and pigs. The transition of the U.S. towards SAA appears to be driven by both external goals related to addressing climate change and the primary objectives of responding to the demand for safe animal products, expanding consumption, and securing competitiveness in overseas export markets. The demand for animal welfare, organic animal products, and processed goods has been increasing in the U.S. consumer market. A major factor in the transformation of the U.S. animal agriculture sector in terms of livestock specifications is attributed to environmentally friendly practices such as high-quality feed, heat stress reduction, improvements in reproductive ability and growth period reduction, and efforts in animal genetic enhancement.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.719-729
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• 2024

Global pig production has increased by 140% since the 1960s. The increase in global population, coupled with improving socioeconomic conditions of many countries has led to an increased consumption of meat globally, including pork. To keep up with demand and capitalize on economic opportunities, the countries of China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) have become the top 3 pork producers globally. China is of particular interest, as it is the both the largest country in pork production and pig numbers, as well as being the largest importer of pork from other countries. Globally, the efficiency of pork production has improved, in relation to the integration of pig production and the dramatic increase in research efforts in pig nutrition and production. Through integration, large producers can consolidate resources and maximize profits and efficiency. The increased research interest and efforts in pig production have given scientists and producers the opportunity to collaborate to adapt to challenges and identify possible solutions to issues brought on by a volatile global market. Intestinal health (23%), general nutrition and growth (23%), and amino acid nutrition (15%) were the top 3 areas (61%) leading research trends in pig nutrition and production. Major dietary interventions with feed additives evaluated include functional amino acids, feed enzymes, pre-/pro-/post-biotics, and phytobiotics with a common goal to improve the growth efficiency by enhancing nutrient utilization and intestinal health. With increasing global issues with environment, pig producers and the supporting scientists should continue their efforts to improve the production efficiency and to reduce the environmental footprint from pig production.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.755-774
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• 2024

The main objective of this study was to present data on the current situation and future trends of pig meat production in the European Union-27 (EU). Pig production has played an important social and economic role for centuries in many states of the EU. In 2022, pig meat production in the EU reached 23 M tons, which represented 21% of total production worldwide. The two key reasons that justify such amount of pork produced, are the acceptance and high consumption of the meat by the local population and the high quality of the meat produced which facilitated pork export. However, current data show a reduction in pork production for the last three years, as a consequence of a series of events that include i) problems with the chain of ingredients supply, ii) uncontrolled increase in African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreaks, iii) fast recovery of pig production in China, iv) increasing concerns by the rural population on the high cost to meet future requirements of the EU legislation on farm management, environmental sustainability and animal welfare, v) increased cost of all inputs involved in pig production and vi) limited interest of the new farmer generation to work on the pig sector. Consequently, pork production is expected to decrease in the EU for the next years, although sales will be maintained at a relative high level because pork is the meat preferred by local consumers in most EU countries. In order to maintain the favourable position of the pork industry in the near future, strategies to implement include: i) maintain the quality of the meat destinated to export markets, ii) improve the control of outbreaks of ASF and other swine diseases, iii) implementation of technological innovations to improve working conditions making more attractive to work in the pork sector of the food chain to the new generation of farmers and workers.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2024

Nano-silica's growing use in construction, known for enhancing strength and durability by reducing porosity, drives this research's significance, especially considering Ecuador's reliance on cement in construction. A comprehensive comparative study on mortars made with General Use cement and aggregates from Pifo and San Antonio quarries has been studied. It explores the impact of incorporating nano-silica in varying proportions (0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%) on mortar properties, contrasting them with conventional and prefabricated mortars. laboratory Testing is conducted according to standards to assess both fresh and hardened state properties, and microscopic analysis reveals the optimal nano-silica proportion's effects on mortar characteristics. Results shows that Incorporating 0.75% nano-silica resulted in a 61% increase in compressive strength at 7 days and. For a nanosilica content of 1.25%, a 14% increase in compressive strength was observed at 28 days in relation to the conventional mortar and the permeability of the mortar decreased by 30% when adding 0.75% nanosilica. It discusses economic viability and provides insights through SEM and EDS analyses. Overall, it underscores nano-silica's potential to enhance mortar properties and its relevance in creating more efficient and durable construction materials.

• 수완나부미
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.185-211
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• 2024

Southeast Asian cities like Manila, the Philippines, and Singapore have witnessed economic, political, and cultural changes over the years, especially after periods of colonization. States control their urban fabric-that is, its organization, planning, and design of cities-and thus dictate the flow of capital and forces of labor. Urban poor settlements, an offshoot of capital accumulation, are (re)moved around these cities in accordance with governing visions of development. For populations that are forced into changes brought about by urban development, practices of remembering are also controlled by dominant powers. These "monuments" are established in/as spaces to oblige an image of membership into a society ruled by such powers. Nevertheless, alternate sites of remembering counter these monumental spaces. This paper takes an interest in two novels that feature such places. Liwayway Arceo's Canal de la Reina (1972) and Suchen Christine Lim's The River's Song (2013) both figure rivers in Manila and Singapore, respectively. The eponymous river is the central axis of Canal de la Reina, entangled in class conflict and swift urban change in post-Commonwealth Manila. In The River's Song, the famous Singapore River provides a refuge for reminiscing about Singapore before the city-state's independence. Comparing these novels to what Filipino comparatist Ruth Jordana Pison calls fictional "counter-memory," we argue that their rivers remember personal and embodied experiences eliminated from hegemonic accounts of the city. Thus, they function as what we call "counter-monuments" for the urban poor marginalized in the history of the Philippines and Singapore.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.349-384
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• 2013

1957년 스푸트니크 1호 발사 이후 세계는 우주활동에 대한 국제적 규범의 필요성을 인식하였으며, 유엔은 우주의 평화적 이용위원회를 설립하여 이러한 문제들을 검토하여 왔다. 1960년대는 미소가 군사적 우주활동을 중심으로 하여왔으나, 최근에는 민간의 우주활동들도 상당히 증가되고 있다. 특히, 우주활동으로 인한 사회적, 경제적 혜택은 더욱 가시화됨에 따라, 각국은 우주 활동에 대한 민간 지출을 계속 증가 시키고 있다. 거의 모든 새로운 우주활동에 참여하는 국가들은 사회 및 경제 개발을 지원하기 위해 우주기반 활동에 더욱 중점을 두고 있다. 위성 항법 및 지상관측과 같은 우주활동들은 기존의 민간 우주 프로그램의 핵심이다. 이와 더불어 달 탐사는 중국, 러시아, 인도, 일본 등 우주력이 있는 국가들에게 우선순위가 되어가고 있다. 최근 위성 및 지상 장비를 제조하는 회사들은 상당한 성장을 하고 있다. 중국은 2012년 2월 25일 자체 개발한 지구항법 위성시스템을 위한 열한 번째 위성을 성공적으로 발사하였다. 중국은 1986년에 중국 만리장성 산업주식회사에 부여된 우주활동으로부터 발전하기 시작했다. 중국 항천공사는 1993년 중국의 국가우주국의 설립에 이어, 창설되었다. 일본의 민간우주활동은 1960년에 창설된 국가우주활동위원회에 의해 이루어졌다. 대부분의 활동은 동경대학, 국립항공 우주 연구소 항공과학연구소 및 국립 우주 개발 기구에 의해 수행 되었다. 2003년에 이 모든 활동들은 일본 우주항공개발연구기구(JAXA)로 통합되었다. 일본은 군사적인 우주개발에 대한 제한을 완화하였다. 2012년 6월 일본은 우주기본법을 수정하여 JAXA을 포함한 일본의 우주 정책과 예산을 통제할 수 있는 권한과 조직을 개편하였다. 과거 문화체육부에 소속되어 있던 우주 프로그램의 개발에 대한 책임을 수상직할로 변경하였다. 그리고 JAXA를 규율하던 우주기본법 제4조의 "평화적인 목적으로만 사용" 한다는 조항을 삭제함으로써 비공격적인 군사적 우주활동을 할 수 있게 되었다. 이로써 동아시아의 긴장이 증대되는 시점에서 국가방위를 강화하기 위한 목적에서 우주를 이용하기 위한 가능성을 열어놓았다. 이러한 점에서 아시아의 상업적 우주활동을 발전시키기 위한 협력적 기구 창설이 필요하다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12spc호
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• pp.664-674
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• 2021

The relevance of this scientific research is determined by the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the current trends and dynamics of world tourism development. This article aims to identify patterns of development of the modern tourist market, analysis of problems and prospects of development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. General scientific methods and methods of research are used in the work: analysis, synthesis, comparison, analysis of statistical data. The analysis of the viewpoints of foreign and domestic authors on the research of the international tourist market allowed us to substantiate the actual directions of tourism development due to the influence of negative factors connected with the spread of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Economic-statistical, abstract-logical, and economic-mathematical methods of research were used during the process of study and data processing. Results. The analysis of the current state of the tourist market by world regions was carried out. It was found that tourism is one of the most affected sectors from COVID-19, as, by the end of 2020, the total number of tourist arrivals in the world decreased by 74% compared to the same period in 2019. The consequence of this decline was a loss of total global tourism revenues by the end of 2020, which equaled $1.3 trillion. 27% of all destinations are completely closed to international tourism. At the end of 2020, the economy of international tourism has shrunk by about 80%. In 2020 the world traveled 98 million fewer people (-83%) relative to the same period last year. Tourism was hit hardest by the pandemic in the Asia-Pacific region, where travel restrictions are as strict as possible. International arrivals in this region fell by 84% (300 million). The Middle East and Africa recorded declines of 75 and 70 percent. Despite a small and short-lived recovery in the summer of 2020, Europe lost 71% of the tourist flow, with the European continent recording the largest drop in absolute terms compared with 2019, 500 million. In North and South America, foreign arrivals declined. It is revealed that a significant decrease in tourist flows leads to a massive loss of jobs, a sharp decline in foreign exchange earnings and taxes, which limits the ability of states to support the tourism industry. Three possible scenarios of exit of the tourist industry from the crisis, reflecting the most probable changes of monthly tourist flows, are considered. The characteristics of respondents from Ukraine, Germany, and the USA and their attitude to travel depending on gender, age, education level, professional status, and monthly income are presented. About 57% of respondents from Ukraine, Poland, and the United States were planning a tourist trip in 2021. Note that people with higher or secondary education were more willing to plan such a trip. The results of the empirical study confirm that interest in domestic tourism has increased significantly in 2021. The regression model of dependence of the number of domestic tourist trips on the example of Ukraine with time tendency (t) and seasonal variations (Turˆt = 7288,498 - 20,58t - 410,88∑5) it forecast for 2020, which allows stabilizing the process of tourist trips after the pandemic to use this model to forecast for any country. Discussion. We should emphasize the seriousness of the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many experts and scientists believe in the long-term recovery of the tourism industry. In our opinion, the governments of the countries need to refocus on domestic tourism and deal with infrastructure development, search for new niches, formats, formation of new package deals in new - domestic - segment (new products' development (tourist routes, exhibitions, sightseeing programs, special rehabilitation programs after COVID) -19 in sanatoriums, etc.); creation of individual offers for different target audiences). Conclusions. Thus, the identified trends are associated with a decrease in the number of tourist flows, the negative impact of the pandemic on employment and income from tourism activities. International tourism needs two to four years before it returns to the level of 2019.