• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2014

The purposes of this research are to review the current economic measures to be used to assess the economic effects of agricultural infrastructure projects, to find some effects not included into the current measures, and to suggest new additional economic measures. So thus, economic assessment for agricultural infrastructure projects has been criticized to be overestimated. For example, some research reported that the projects enhanced rice productivity by 20% or 30%. We suggest four new measures to evaluate economic effects of agricultural infrastructure projects: (1) enhancement in productivity, (2) switchover from low-income crops to high-income crops, (3) rises in land price, and (4) lower fluctuation in production.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.35-52
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• 2022

Air transport is at the core of global economic growth. There is a close relationship between the flow of regional elements and the growth of the regional economy. It is easy to misestimate the impact of airports on the regional economy without considering spatial spillover effects. This study attempted to establish an asymmetric economic geographical weight matrix by applying the Spatial Durbin Model with cargo volume and passenger numbers as indicators. The influence of spillover effects on the regional economy, including direct spillover effects and indirect spillover effects are studied. The results revealed that passenger numbers and cargo volume have significant positive spillover effects on the regional economy. The driving effect of the airport on the regional economy was considered from a wider space scope. This study contributes to the scientific evaluation of the aviation economy.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.125-135
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• 2022

This study is to analyze the economic effects of tariff reduction using computable general equilibrium(CGE) model. We set up the social accounting matrix for five-base equilibrium year. Our main findings are as follows. First, the impact of tariff reduction on GDP was different from time to time. It meas that the differentiated economics structure was affected by tariff reduction. As our economic grew up, the impact of tariff reduction was measured much higher. Second, until 1995 the impact of tariff reduction on total export and import was increased, then while 1995 the increase was dropped. This is because we reduced the tariff by the WTO negotiations. Third, the tariff reduction affected the price of imported goods, so it contributed to substitute effects between domestic and imported goods. According to these results, we found out the importance of the linkage between the tariff reduction and economic structure.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.45-72
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• 2019

Purpose - This study examines the mediating effect of switching costs (economic risk costs and setup costs) on the relationships of country image with product attitude and product attachment. Switching-cost effects for the Korean Wave, which are insufficiently addressed in the literature, were investigated using the country image of Korea as a proxy for the Korean Wave. Moreover, this study examined the economic effects of the Korean Wave and the negative effect of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) deployment on these economic effects. Design/methodology - A total of 302 Chinese consumers were surveyed using a questionnaire. Because this was an exploratory study and was not based on a classical model, the PLS-SEM method was employed to test the stability of the model and its hypotheses. Findings - Switching costs had mediating effects on the relationships of country image with product attitude and product attachment. The switching-cost effects for the Korean Wave were verified. However, neither the economic image nor cultural image of Korea had significant effects on the economic risk costs. Moreover, the economic image of Korea had no significant effect on the set-up costs. Originality/value - This study broadened the understanding of the relationships among country image, switching costs, product attitude, and product attachment and advanced the knowledge of relevant theories. The results contribute theoretically to the literature on switching-cost effects for the Korean Wave. The results confirmed the negative effect of THAAD deployment on the economic effects of the Korean Wave. In the rapidly developing international environment, these research results could serve as theoretical reference guidelines for suppliers when developing marketing strategies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

The study investigates the effect of trade openness on the economic growth of agricultural countries. The information of export, import, gross domestic product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and population of 72 agrarian nations generated by the World Bank from 2011 until 2020 is used for data examination. Then, before panel data analysis, a preferred model is chosen from among common-effects, fixed-effects, and random effects. The best model turns out to be a fixed-effect model. The result reports that from 2011 to 2020; 16 out of 72 nations have succeeded in experiencing positive economic growth, the value of GFCF was US$ 2,859.04 billion, and later grew by 19 percent to US$ 3,393.73 billion, the population tends to increase continuously year by year, and 2 out of 72 countries experienced export plus import exceed their GDP. Moreover, trade openness is positively associated with economic growth, with a coefficient of 3.81. Besides that, an increase in GFCF may boost economic growth by approximately 3.32 percent. On the contrary, one percent additional population significantly delivers around 25.46 percent negative economic growth. To sum up, the higher intensity of products or services sold and bought abroad may enhance the economic performance.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2019

Purpose - Since the opening of Korea's distribution market, the domestic network marketing market has been continuing to grow. In this context, research on network marketing independent operators, which plays the most important role in the network marketing industry, is insufficient. This study was to identify the effects of Independent Operator's Company Selection Attributions on the Economic and Non-Economic Satisfaction, Trust, and Recommendation. The results will provide strategic direction, theoretical and practical implications for companies and operators in the network marketing industry. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to verify the research hypotheses, the data were collected from Independent Operators of Network marketing industry using questionnaires. The pretest was conducted from January 8 to 19, 2018, and the main survey was conducted from February 1 to 28. A total of 210 questionnaires, of which 193 copies were collected. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0. and AMOS 21.0. Results - The results are as follows; product competitiveness and system competitiveness have significant effects on economic satisfaction and non-economic satisfaction. Economic and non-economic satisfaction have significant effects on business trust. Economic and non-economic satisfaction did not influence recommendation intention directly, but influence it indirectly. Business trust has a significant effect on business recommendation intention. Conclusions - After starting network marketing business as an independent operator, the competitiveness of the company is meaningless, and product competitiveness and system competitiveness are important factors for economic and non-economic satisfaction. Therefore, network marketing companies and independent operators should prioritize product competitiveness and system competitiveness between business development. The findings show that trust in the business is very important for active business Recommendation to others. Therefore, network marketing firms and independent operators need to make efforts to meet economic and non-economic satisfaction, which have a significant impact on business trust.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.211-225
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• 2020

It is important to understand what affects community satisfaction. Because community impacts and participation is a central aspect of fostering local community development, it is important to understand how these processes occur. The study aims to identify the factors influencing community satisfaction and to examine the moderating effects of community participation between community perceived impacts and community satisfaction. Data were collected from 328 usable questionnaires among community residents participating rural development projects in Buyeo and Chungyang county, Chungnam province. Results of a factor analysis yielded four dimensions of community perceived impacts which were negative socio-economic impacts, positive economic impacts, positive environmental impacts, and positive social impacts. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that negative socio-economic impacts, positive economic impacts, and positive environmental impacts affected significantly for community satisfaction. it reveals that there are moderating effects on community participation of negative socio-economic impacts and positive economic impacts. It was suggested that negative socio-economic impacts, positive economic impacts, and community participation should be considered to implement rural development projects and its policy decision making.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.43-63
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• 2008

This study developed an experience-based economic education program and examined its effects on young children's economic concepts and purchasing behavior. Subjects were 60 5-year-old kindergarteners assigned to an experimental or a control group. Instruments for pre- and post-tests were the Economic Concept Task (Laney, 1995) and the Purchasing Behavior Task (Jang, 2004). Experimental group children participated in the economic education program for 5 weeks; control group children listened to economic stories. Differences between pre- and post-test in the experimental group showed that the economic education program was effective in development of concepts of scarcity, opportunity cost, resource/production, goods/services, and complements/substitutes. Children's purchasing behavior changed partially after application of the program.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.123-136
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• 2020

This study attempted to propose a method of determining a project implementation area according to the purpose of the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement after analyzing the regional economic effects in advance targeting the candidate regions for the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: first, in comparison with the overall effect of the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement to 2013, the production inducement coefficient increased by 0.08 in the region, but decreased by 0.39 in other regions and by 0.33 in the whole country. The value-added inducement coefficient increased by 0.01 in the region and by 0.06 in other regions, increasing 0.27 for the whole country. In the case of the employment inducement coefficient, the number of workers in the region decreased by 9.48 and increased by 0.3 in other regions, resulting in a decrease of 9.1 people in the whole country. Second, depending on the purpose of the Offshore Project for Fishery Stock Enhancement, an aggregating indicator of economic effects within the region, an aggregating indicator of economic effects in other regions, and an aggregating indicator of economic effects across the country were prepared to be used to determine the priority of the project implementation region. There was a little difference between the 2013 and 2015 regional rankings according to the standardization method, indicating that the analysis results were somewhat consistent. In conclusion, the results of this study may contribute to determine the project implementation area according to the purpose of a specific project after analyzing the regional economic effect in advance.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.201-219
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the economic effects of the S&T Innovation, R&D, human resources and investment on the economic growth using 18 countries. We have obtained the somewhat mixed results on the existence of unit root roots in variables. While most of Pedroni cointegration tests show that there are no panel cointegration among the variables, Kao cointegration test shows that there is the panel cointegration among the variables such as GDP, human capital, R&D investment and patent. Kao cointegration test result shows that human capital, R&D investment, patent economic growth seem to have the panel cointegration or the long-run relationship among them as a whole. The estimation results of individual OLS and panel estimation show that the human capital, R&D investment and technology innovation or patent had positively significant effects on economic growth or GDP.