• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.77-97
• /
• 2002

Research libraries have been facing serials crisis, that is the difficulties in providing information which caused by high and rapidly increasing cost of scientific journal subscriptions. This economic problem resulted in the imbalance between scholarly Publication and library resources. University libraries recognized that the commercialization of research information is at the core of the economic problem. This paper analyzes the trials and suggestions of faculty, universities, and professional societies in the United States to reforming scholarly communication system to take back intellectual property from commercial publishers and to improve scientific information exchange.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 2009

This paper presents the newly developed Pareto-based multi-objective Bees Algorithm with weighted sum technique for solving a power system multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem. Specifically, the Pareto-based Bees Algorithm with memorized zone has been developed to alleviate both difficulties from classical techniques and intelligent techniques for multi-objective problems (MOP) and successfully applied to an Environmental/Economic (electric power) dispatch (EED) problem. This multi-objective Bees Algorithm has been examined and applied to the standard IEEE 30-bus six-generator test system. Simulation results have been compared to those obtained using other approaches. The comparison shows the potential and effectiveness of the proposed Bees Algorithm for solving the multi-objective EED problem.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.257-277
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to suggest policy implications of providing public function of organic farming. Define the difficulties of rice farmers to provide public utility of organic farming. We estimated the amount of the farmers would like to receive for the practice of organic agriculture using choice experiment methods. By evaluating individual economic values through WTA estimates, its meaningful to grasp farmers preference for organic farming practice and conversion. These results could be used as useful data for future organic agriculture policy. For the expansion of organic farming, it is required to evaluate correct and accurate economic value and reflect this in policy.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.139-141
• /
• 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently in progress. Although it is difficult to predict the end of currently increasing COVID-19, it is expected to last for a long time. The COVID-19 is making a lot of changes. Due to physical distancing and living distancing, non-contacts such as wearing facial masks, online lectures, online medical services, telecommuting, and telemarketing are becoming common. In the era of post-COVID-19, online and offline will coexist. Many countries following China's lockdown strategy, which is agreed with the World Health Organization, should be changed to Taiwan's facial mask strategy for reducing the economic problems. The prolonging COVID-19 will add to the economic difficulties, and the US-China confrontation will be difficult to rebound the global economy. COVID-19, such as plaque, smallpox, and Spanish influenza, will be a historical momentum. How to respond to the crisis of COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 will determine the future of the world and Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.1145-1150
• /
• 2004

Dust phenomenon is a critical thing in the East Asian countries. However, it is quite recent that Asian dust has drawn much attention and the scientific investigation of dust particles began. In this study, the recognition for Asian-dust in Northeast Asia region was analyzed. The survey results show that the people generally recognize the origins and seriousness of Asian dust and understand the difficulty in solving the dust related problems. However, approaches to figure out Asian dust have many difficulties and limits in scientific, economic and political points of view and more detailed road map is needed based on government policy.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.83-97
• /
• 1993

Since the last decade, the fisheries industry in Korea has faced many difficulties in terms of comparative economic advantage partly because of marine environmental damage caused by Pollution and coastal reclamation, and partly because of too expensive production factors like labor. In addition, new order of world trade created by Uruguay Round will force the Korean fisheries industry to prepare some remedies including a joint-venture business with China for international compatativeness. As a result, this paper mainly deals with an analysis on feasibility of Sino-Korean joint cooperation in fisheries business. Especially, the Shandong Province in China is expected to take advantage of its geographical proximity to Koreas well as of its abundance in marine natural resources in order to achieve a fast economic growth. Thus, for the next decade to come, it would be very important for the Korean fisheries industry to cope with the international fisheries market by the Sino-Korean joint-venture combining the capital and technology from Korea with the cheap labor and favorable marine environment for aquaculture from China.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1994.11a
• /
• pp.15-17
• /
• 1994

The economic operation in power systems has long been in keen interests for power system engineers. The classical equal incremental fuel cost rule is still the basis for it, even though more elaborate tools such as optimal power flow have been developed already. The classical method requires usually many iterations, while the optimal power flow shows often some difficulties. This paper suggests a single step solution based on the classical method revisited. The concept is shown graphically. Three sample systems are compared. The proposed approach has shown a single step solution regardless system sizes, while the conventional methods require many iterations.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.285-309
• /
• 2019

Unlike the popular belief, digital transformation mainly gets stymied by legal and regulatory issues related with legacy institutions in Asia rather than technical difficulties. The real challenges triggered by the PSD2 (Payment Services Directive 2) are how the region would overcome the overly fragmented, centralized, and hierarchical legacy framework to allow necessary changes to respond to the digital single market initiatives as promulgated by the European counterpart. The PSD2 is expected to bring about substantial changes in the payment ecosystem by allowing payment service providers to access customers' accounts and transactions information via API that have been traditionally controlled by banks. This paper suggests an incentive-compatible mechanism design for open collaboration among legacy institutions in the region to help them adapt to the PSD2. As evidenced by case studies in Korea, the Asian equivalent of PSD2 can be implemented and further expanded to create region-wide PCS (payment-clearing-settlement) network by reconnecting the dots of legacy infrastructures. These decentralized, diverse, small payment networks can be further combined with the expanded RTGS-CDS platform to evolve into the next phase of Asian Financial Network.

• Proceedings of the Korea Port Economic Association Conference
• /
• 2003.07a
• /
• pp.193-218
• /
• 2003

Today, the marketplace environment is changing faster and more dramatically than ever before. With the rapid growth of Internet Shopping mall, electronic commerce transaction, we have big changes on distribution fields. At this circumstances, traditional markets cannot help suffering from serious contraction and market failure between highly advanced department store and internet based shopping mall giving lower prices and higher customer satisfaction program. In addition, traditional markets have made an critical role on our retail markets for a long time, but they confront a crucial crisis on nationwide owing to external markets circumstance change and internal factors. In this study, we made efforts to suggest rational political scheme to recover many difficulties as analyzing market factors affecting traditional market, such as, modernized management skill, specialized items, customers satisfactions program, and so forth.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.66 no.1
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a significant negative effect on the quality of life due to permanent neurologic damage and economic burden by continuous treatment and rehabilitation. However, determining the correct approach to ensure optimal clinical outcomes can be challenging and remains highly controversial. In particular, with the introduction of the concept of early decompression in brain pathology, the discussion of the timing of decompression in SCI has emerged. In addition to that, the concept of "time is spine" has been added recently, and the mortality and complications caused by SCI have been reduced by providing timely and professional treatment to patients. However, there are many difficulties in establishing international clinical guidelines for the timing of early decompression in SCI because policies for each country and medical institution differ according to the circumstances of medical infrastructure and economic conditions in the surgical treatment of SCI. Therefore, we aim to provide a current review of timing of early decompression in patient with SCI.