• Archives of design research
• /
• v.18 no.4 s.62
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 2005

In the perspective of hybrid, design contains confused forms and styles. Thus, the question is what 'decisively affects' on life, happiness and peace of human beings: In the past scientific ecology that tries to solve the problem in the aspect of functional design was important. Now the question is beyond the scientific ecology because human has a different way of environmental adaptation from animals. From this point of view, design is defined as something beyond materialistic standard. Terry Eagleton said, 'Creative ability deviating oneself and transcending is the very standard to measure human beings' A tendency to hybridize one's own section off genre or pursuing dismantlement is found on such creative perspective. In other words, it focuses on making a space of human's cultural behavior by unifying creatively natural environment and architecture space in the organic aspect. Such phenomenon provides a new chance and possibility in environmental design through a new molding experiment according to the development of digital technology. As experiments of environment design using digital technology are actively implemented, ecological and cultural views hybridize to create a new cultural space of various functions and features. Such experiment in environment design highlights the connections of ecological view, recognition of value, and relation-centered ideas, and enables a tool pursuing a new cultural development. This study focuses on the paradigm of such digital hybrid design and purposes to set the system by analyzing the application styles and principles of environment design through theoretical and case studies. In addition, it promotes a new possibility to develop environment design in the history of civilization.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2009

Dokdo was formed since when four million six hundred thousand to two million five hundred thousand. Dokdo, Ulreung Island and the mainland in Korea are not touch each other since the formation, therefore, Dokdo are very important island for discussion of plant evolution from plant geography point of view. Plants of Dokdo was enlisted as 60 taxa, 27 families, 52 genera, 50 species and 10 varieties. The naturalized plants of a wide sense is composed of 25 taxa, two tree species as Lonicera morrowii and Elaeagnus macrophylla, and 23 herbs. The naturalized plants were identified of 5 species as Sonchus oleraceus, Brassica juncea var. integrifolia, Rumex crispus, Chenopodium album, and Bromus unioloides. Total naturalized plants are 32 taxa, ratio of total naturalized plants per a existing species was 60 percentage. Accordingly Vegetational environment of Dokdo was interpreted very incomplete state as well as severe ecological disturb by invade species. Preparation of a regulating plan on naturalized plants and concern of a policy decision are requested in the conservational dimension for native species in Dongdo. For the conservation of native species in Dokdo, there are prepared that a regulating plan as block of the influx and eradication etc. and a policy decision of naturalized plants are prepared for view of the conservation for native species in Dokdo.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.225-238
• /
• 2020

The agricultural landscape is considered an important space to provide service functions, but the reality is that environmental and ecological problems are being reported in the creation of a facility horticulture complex. Therefore, this study was conducted to contribute to sustainable agriculture by creating a more eco-friendly facility horticultural complex. The elements of planning for eco-friendly development of the facility horticultural complex were derived from literature and expert surveys. The master plan and the bird's-eye view were then applied to the Saemangeum area by applying the planning elements. After analyzing the method of selecting and deploying input elements for improving functions, it was suggested that low-flow areas, wetlands, artificial storage facilities, green spaces, and waterways should be placed in harmony with the landscape and that the building-to-land ratio should be applied at 55%. The final design was prepared by applying the ecological service function improvement plan proposed by experts. The final bird's-eye view also reflected water purification facilities, connection of wetlands to waterways, packing of pitchers, and connection of green areas. The results of the research are expected to be used as basic data for policy and budget allocation for the eco-friendly creation of horticulture facilities and contribute to sustainable agriculture by contributing to national biodiversity and environmental preservation.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.123
• /
• pp.281-307
• /
• 2012

In the modern society, we have come to recognize human emotions such as anxiety, fear, pain, anger, sadness, longing, desire and pleasure as important topics of philosophy. How shall we study the 'problem of emotions', or in a bigger sense, the 'problem of empathy'? With this critical mind, the research into empathy can be called as a starting point for studying the deepest feelings and thoughts of human beings in connection with the feelings of other people. Most of all, in order to understand other people and to understand human being itself, the role of sympathy or empathy has been emphasized among the problems of emotions, and this trend is especially distinctive in the philosophy of psychology. I definitely acknowledge that empathy or sympathy takes loneliness and agony away from a human being and therefore it is the starting point of communication between people. However, the very fundamental question of 'what are human beings, and who are they?' is once again reminded. In other words, this thesis focuses on the fact that humans are viewed not only as the existence with a soul or heart, but also as a "unique existence" containing something "material-, life- and spiritual", and in that sense, this world is an ecological organism that contains organic connections of humans, material things, plants and animals, which should be the point of view for approach. And it is also emphasized in this study to approach the question about human beings from the religious spirituality point of view that the society with true love for neighbors could be achieved through religious practices that provide principles and value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2000

Environmental pollution has become more and more serious in urban areas since industrialization as most streams and rivers were developed heavily because of economic opportunism. Recently river restoration techniques, applied in advanced countries, have been introduced to Korea. But the application of river restoration techniques developed in advanced countries, has a lot of limitations in respect of economic loss during construction, suitability for the domestic situation and the problem of flood control. The method of minimizing the problems must take into consideration these issues, including economic considerations. So from these points of view this study intends to plan ecological river restoration and to create a nature friendly river in the case of the Chungrang river. The subject site is the upper part of Chungrang river, from the Nokchun bridge to Sang-kye bridge, where the ecosystem is well preserved in comparison with other parts of the river. The subject site is divided into 10 sections for plant state investigation. The result of plant-state investigation showed pioneer water plants such as Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe jaranica, Rumex crispus. appeared very often. On the basis of the existing plant state, this study has planned an appropriate plant state for the river and has planned for bank protection using a method of construction, which is suitable for natural river. In this study, first of all, it is intended to investigate the plant growth state of Chungrang river and try to plan a particular ecosystem for the river for the purpose of the revival of the natural river.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.51-66
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to develop detailed evaluation indicator as a way for evaluating sustainable urban ecosystem health focused on ecological urban elements from an eco-cultural point of view after the appearance of Eco-cultural City to meet various needs. And this study was also conducted to search for ways to utilize the detailed evaluation indicator like institutionalization. Eco-cultural City was defined as a city where ecological environment and cultural environment coexist and was aimed to derive applicable planning indicators in Korea. For this, FGI was executed, planning indicators were derived, and suitability was examined. The weights were calculated based on the selected indicators through AHP expert survey. After getting the result of FGI, experts reviewed the adequacy of definition from Eco-cultural City and its necessity, and the applicability of planning indicators was examined with evaluation of suitability. As a result of evaluating suitability, it was judged that 41 indicators based on an overall average of 4 areas were relatively high on suitability and also important among sectors. As for the analysis result, the priority order in multistage classification was as followed : harmony between human and environment(B) 0.349, environmental resources(A) 0.266, city environment and quality of culture(C) 0.208, and role division and citizen participation(D) 0.177. In the second level of relative importance, environment protection and infra in the role and citizen participation section was the highest, 0.449, harmonization policy and system in calculating weights was the highest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.240-250
• /
• 1998

This study is to have attempted to analyze the characteristics of the change in forest landscape pattern of Seoul for 18 years by grasping it through satellite image data on the forest area in Seoul where a rapid change according urbanization and industrialization is going on. On the basis of Landsat MSS data- satellite image data, this writer analyzed the change in the number and size of patch and the mean edge length of each forest land, and the index of patch shape by each year from a landscape -ecological point of view. The results are as follows; First, in the pattern change of the forest patch of Seoul, the highest patch fragmentation area is the forest of the Yangchon-gu district where is decreasing it forest area by 654ha, 511ha, 495ha, 402ha each year from its total size of 742ha in 1979. Second, the change tendency shows that the average forest size decreased at 552.58ha in 1983, 435.03ha in 1988, 396.23ha in 1992, and 379.96ha in 1996. And analysis showed that even in the number of patches, the forest fragmentation phenomenon was presenting by the increase of development disturbance. Third, the mean edge by year was longest at 23,385m in 1979, but it is decreasing continuously. This shows the regular and artificial uniformity of forest landscape by disturbance-effect increase of the built-up development and shows low portion against edge effect by the time-series change like 1979>1983>198>1992>1996. Finally, in the analysis of a shape index indicated by ratio of size and edge, total averages were 2.56, 2.33, 2.17, 2.14, 2.14 each year, so that it is considered that the disturbance and ecological health status against forest landscape can be grasped according to being examined as 1979>1983>1988>1992, 1996 by the time-series change of the landscape.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Healthcare is on the whole a personal and critical service that consumer's use, whereas hospitalization is as a rule painful, because nature nurtures and Sun Light Luminosity for healthcare settings is considered healing. The performance and design of climate responsive buildings such as AKU requires a detailed study of attributes of climate both at micro as well as macro level. The therapeutic value of contact with nature through window view, greenery and landscape is calculated there. Method: A two prong strategy is been devised for this article, at micro level three typical morphologies are analysed by creating same environment of neighboring building on sun shading chart, radiation and temperature range. Since the analysis of local climate helps to determine the design strategies for hospital Healing Environment which is suitable for Karachi climate; in order to track the macro climatic behaviour, a considerable analysis of psychometrics chart for AKU Karachi are designed on Climate Consultant (CC) and analysed by Machine Learning. Climate Consultant proposes different design strategies suitable for Karachi. And on the other hand time wise illumination sources for clinical area which are then measured on psychrometric chart- according to singular space: multi patient admission, secondly: acute ambulatory ward, and tertiary: multi windowed space according to the mushrabiyah and sky light pattern. Result: Our findings support the hypothesis that windowed wall is 75-80% more healing wall; an accelerated evidence was found for healing at macro level if the form of the hospital is designed according to the climatologically preferences, whereas at micro level: the light resource becomes the staff attentiveness determinant. In Conclusion evidence was provided that the actual form of luminosity results consequently in satisfaction while light entering from several set of windows and other sources might be valued if design according to the healing environment. The data added on the sun shading chart to calculate rays entraining into space in patient room equal to 124416.21 Watts/ meter $m^2$ is calculated as precise healing rate-and is confirmed by questionnaire from patients belonging from each clinical stage having different illnesses.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 1970

This experiment surveys ecological and morphological phase on Prasiola sp. in the mountain torrent of Chodang-ri, Keunduck-myon, Samchuck-gun, Kangwon-do, Korea from November 1968 through January 1970 and the results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The temperature of the surface water was 12.4$\pm$2.3$^{\circ}C$, and pH was 7.25$\pm$0.2. 2. The external forms of thallus are very variable, but its basic form likely lanceolated and ovated. 3. The length of thallus is 0.6cm-8.8cm (3.6$\pm$1.72cm), and the width, 0.2cm-5.5cm(1.7$\pm$0.92cm). (The inside of the parentheses the average for 500 individuals). 4. It is observed that thallus at the time of formation of a monospore is a monostratum cell whose thickness is 21$\pm$3.2$\mu$. 5. Thickness of thallus at the transveres section at the time of heteroplanogametes formation is 29.9$\pm$2.2$\mu$, and that of the female gametes cell is 6.3$\pm$1.7$\times$6.3$\pm$0.8$\mu$, and that of the male gametes cell is 2.8$\pm$0.6$\times$28.1$\pm$1.1$\mu$. 6. As for growth, it begins with apical growth, followed by marginal growth. It seems to grow, through cell division when microsopical papillae are produced in growth line cell of marginal rigion thus by fusioning microscopical papillae. 7. The two kinds of thallus, one produced from a monospore and other from a planozygotes, are both haplonts and observed as n-3. 8. It seems that a thallus sprouts in April and increases its number through a asexual reproduction by a monospore and begins a sexual reproduction in November by forming gametes. 9. Female gametes are produced 16 from one thallus cell, whose structure shows 8 cells in the surface view and 4 layers in transverse section. Male gametes are produced 128 from one thallus cell, 16 cells surface, 8 layers in transverse section.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2017

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important policy implemented before starting development projects to estimate and reduce environmental impact. However, the difficulty of quantification on several rating categories has hampered comprehensive analysis. Instead of it, the current EIA just summarizes outcome of investigation. Therefore, EIA fails to definitively ascertain whether the development shold be approved or not. This study aimed at providing the way to comprehensive decision-making by applying Emergy analysis and Emergy indicators to EIA. Production (P), Emergy Yield Ratio (EYR), Environmental Loading Ratio (ELR) and Emergy Sustainability Index (ESI) were selected for indicators. The indicators of range approving the development were set up with comparing before and after development or according to circumstances of which view of average that was classified as region or industry is appropriate to analysis. As a result, the value after development of P should be higher than the value before development. EYR and ESI of the value before development should be higher than region or industry average. On the contrary to these, ELR of the value after development should be lower than region or industry average. To verify applying Emergy indicators to EIA comprehensive analysis, Emergy evaluation was conducted to real case. As a result, applying Emergy analysis could suggest whether the development is appropriate or not. These indices and the result of this research are expected to be applied decision-making on environmental impact for sustainable development.