• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

Recently, pollution by development in coastal areas is going from bad to worse. The Korean government is attempting to make policies that prevent water pollution, but it is still difficult to say whether such measures are lowering pollution to an acceptable level. More specifically, the general investigation that has been done in KOREA does not accurately reflect the actual conditions of pollution in coastal areas. An investigation that quantitatively assesses water quality management using rational prediction technology must be attempted, and the ecosystem model, which incorporates both the 3-dimensional hydrodynamic and material cycle models, is the only one with a broad enough scope to obtain accurate results. The hydrodynamic model, which includes advection and diffusion, accounts for the ever-changing flow and (quality) of water in coastal areas, while the material cycle model accounts for pollutants and components of decomposition as sources of the carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycles. In this paper, we simulated the rates of dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen(T-N) and total-phosphorous(T-P) in Korea's Ulsan Area. Using the ecosystem model, we did simulations using a specific set of parameters and did comparative analysis to determine those most appropriate for the actual environmental characteristics of Ulsan Area. The simulation was successful, making it now possible to predict the likelihood of coastal construction projects causing ecological damage, such as eutrophication and red tide. Our model can also be used in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of future development projects in the ocean.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

Atmospheric N deposition has far-reaching impacts on forest ecosystems, including on-site impacts such as soil acidification, fertilization, and nutrient imbalances, and off-site environmental impacts such as nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission. Although chronic N deposition has been believed to lead to forest N saturation, recent evidence suggests that N retention capacity, particularly in the forest floor, can be surprisingly high even under high N deposition. This review aims to provide an overview of N retention processes in the forest floor and the implications of changing C-N interactions for C sequestration. The fate of available N in forest soils has been explained by the competitive balance between tree roots, soil heterotrophs, and nitrifiers. However, high rates of N retention have been observed in numerous N addition experiments without noticeable increases in tree growth and soil respiration. Alternative hypotheses have been proposed to explain the gap between the input and loss of N in N-enriched, C-limited systems, including abiotic immobilization and mycorrhizal assimilation, both of which do not require additional C sources to incorporate N in soil N pools. Different fates of N in the forest floor have different implications for C sequestration. N-induced tree growth can enhance C accumulation in tree biomass as observed across temperate regions. C loss from forests can amount to or outweigh C gain in N-saturated, declining forests, while another type of 'C-N decoupling' can have positive or neutral effects on soil C sequestration through hampered organic matter decomposition or abiotic N immobilization, respectively.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2018

연구목적 : 본 연구 대상부지는 1973년에 해안매립이 완료되어 30여 년 동안 선박 수선업 등의 사업활동이 진행되어 왔다. 연구방법 : 2013년에 실시한 토양정밀조사결과, 대상부지의 오염면적은 $10,000m^2$, 오염심도는 GL(-) 3.0 m의 고농도 TPH로 유류오염이 확인되었고, 시간경과에 따라 오염범위가 확산되고 있었다. 연구결과 : 정제된 석유제품에 의한 토양오염은 종종 생태계와 인간의 건강에 해로운 영향을 미치기 때문에 신속한 정화가 이루어져야 한다. 결론 : 따라서 고농도의 TPH로 오염된 대상 부지에 대하여 수리지질학적 조사를 통해 지하수유동과 오염의 확산방향을 평가함으로써 잠정적인 오염원인자를 추정할 수 있다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

$Kalopanax$ $pictus$ is a long-lived deciduous perennial tree in the family Araliaceae mainly distributed in the East Asia. In Korea, this species is of ecological and medical importance. Because typical populations of this species are small and distributed in patches, $K.$ $pictus$ has been considered as a narrow habitat species. To understand the genetic diversity and population structure of this species, the sequence variation of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was analyzed among 18 different $K.$ $pictus$ populations in the present investigation. The nrDNA ITS sequences of Korean populations investigated in this study showed identical of 616 bp in length, and no any nucleotide variation was found in the entire nrDNA ITS region sequence. This result suggested that the $K.$ $pictus$ populations in Korea might belong to the same isolate, and no mutation was found in the nrDNA ITS region. Compared with other known ITS sequence sources from $K.$ $pictus$ populations, only four variable nucleotide sites were found within the entire ITS region. Very narrow genetic diversity appearing in the population level of $K.$ $pictus$ makes us hypothesize that their relatively isolated habitats. The long-lived traits might be one main reason. However, another probability was that the nr-DNA ITS region might be noneffective in classifying populations of $K.$ $pictus$. Thus, to further understand the phylogenetic relationship of $K.$ $pictus$ populations, more samplings should be performed based on more DNA sequences.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2013

In this study, the deriving optimum conditions for decolorization of Acid Orange II solution was carried using $TiO_2$ advanced oxidation process. After that, on base of the deriving results, the range of dye concentration was estimated. In addition, acute toxicity test was also carried to assess toxicity unit according to decolorization and TOC removal. In case of the blockage of light, 20 mg/L of dye solution, and 0.5 g $TiO_2$, the effect of decolorization at pH 3 was larger than at pH 6 and 10, so it was shown that decolorization is dependent on pH. The use of 5 g $TiO_2$ showed best performance of decolorization, but that of 3 g $TiO_2$ was chosen to optimum condition in considering of economical aspects. Four light sources, sun, fluorescent lamp, BLB lamp, and UV-B lamp, were used and decolorization was 99.4% and 100% at 50 mg/L, 98.6% and 99.7% at 100 mg/L for sun and UV-B lamp, respectively. In spite of the optimum condition of decolorization at pH 3, the evaluation of acute toxicity test showed highly toxic. In conclusion, although the optimum treatment of dye solution is performed, water ecology can be polluted in discharging it into water system. Therefore, it is needed to study of water ecological system with dye water treatment, and it takes all the circumstances into consideration.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.426-437
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• 2013

Objective: Gotjawal refers to a special geographical designation found in Jeju Province, Korea, where vegetation forms over a rocky area. Due to the important ecological value of Gotjawal, international concern about such areas is growing. However, only limited information is available regarding environmental contamination of Gotjawal. This study was conducted in order to investigate the levels of contamination and associated ecotoxicological effects of surface water bodies in Gotjawal. Methods: Surface water samples were collected at three sampling sites in two Gotjawal areas and were analyzed for several pharmaceuticals and pesticides in consideration of the potential sources of contamination. The ecotoxicity of the samples was measured using water fleas (Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). In addition, effects on the gene transcription of zebrafish were investigated following exposure to the samples. Results: Nine pharmaceuticals were detected in the samples, but none of the target pesticides were detected. Following acute exposure to two surface water samples, the survival of waterfleas was significantly reduced, but reproduction was not affected. In zebrafish, time-to-hatch was delayed and fry survival was decreased in some samples. On the other hand, at the transcriptional level, there were no genes significantly influenced by exposure to the samples. Conclusion: This is the first study investigating environmental contamination in Gotjawal areas and associated ecotoxicities. Further studies are warranted to identify the cause of acute Daphnia toxicity and to determine potential consequences of longer-term exposure in Gotjawal areas.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.27-42
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• 1992

IN urban areas, public outdoor recreation opportunities are limited, traditional funding sources are being eraded, and crowding as well as ecological damage appear inevitable, these developments may require new analysis on the prospective policy of park, with the evaluation of the trend of amenity resources and recreation values, 16 parks were taken as informants in Deagu city area, the data for this research were collected 2,942 samples by the on-site-interview. The abstracted results of amenity elements were revealed as institutions and resource types, the attraction of resources was about twice as much as that of institutions. The resources is to be classified into two items ; national resources and human resources. The former is about five times as mcuh atractive as the latter. The attraction of natural resources consists in the atmospheric factors(35%), the biological factors(28%), the topographical factors(19%), and the scenery factors(18%). While, the attraction of human resources consists in the cultural factors(54%), the social factors(46%). The attraction of the base institutions is very low. The attraction of the static institution is three times as much as that of that of the dynamic institution. The above tendency is a general trend in Daegu city. But when we are taking into consideration in datail, we find that there is great difference among the green tract of land of the park. When the amenity resources of one's destination was used for the value of recreation, the pattern of attraction variables as a physical characteristics could explain 58%. Based on those result, this study is a small but important guidence for decision makings concerning to the allocation of scarce amenity resources.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2016

In recent years, the population structure has been changed by the progresses of 6th-industrialization and transportation in farming areas. This study aims to suggest a regional development plan of farming areas in accordance with the demographic changes. Population structure indicators were derived from previous studies and literature review in order to identify the types of farming areas. Demographic indicators separated to depopulation and population growth in farming areas through a standardized scoring method. This research found that the division of economy is not only the most important division in any other regional development divisions but also necessary to develop new sources of non-farm income through traditional culture, natural environment. In the social division, it is necessary to secure the facilities for the formation of a sense of community to multicultural families and existing residents in farming areas. In the environmental division, it is desirable to improve the quality and satisfaction of life for residents such as the sidewalk and park that utilize ecological environment, culture, history for both depopulation and population region. In the physical division, there is a need for improvement of the facilities of basic living infrastructure service such as roads, water supply and sewerage systems. In the institution division, sustainable financial support of the central government policy for farming areas is crucial for the improvement of residential environment in the farming areas of depopulation and population region.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

수소 에너지는 20 세기 대표에너지인 석유, 석탄의 대체 에너지로 각광받고 있다. 또한, 수소에너지가 가지고 있는 미세먼지 제로, 풍부한 에너지원 그리고 생태계의 무영향 등의 이점은 다른 신재생 에너지원보다 비교우의를 점하도록 하고 있다. 하지만, 수소 에너지의 명확하지 못한 제품 개발기준과 사용법은 수소 에너지 관련 제품군의 사고 위험도를 높이고, 수소의 높은 에너지 준위는 사고 발생 시, 큰 사회적 문제를 일으킬 요소를 내재하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 빠른 수소 에너지의 표준화 방안을 제시하여 신제품 개발이 대부분인 수소 에너지 관련 제품의 안전한 시장 정착에 도움을 주고자 한다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is recognized as a byproduct of industrialization that took place in the 20th century. The great attention to IAQ has been gained since 1980s, and led to numerous research studies that have mainly made in the developed countries. As the development of residential environment in Korea enters in the process of qualitative growth, IAQ has viewed as one of the core issues in the society, and research in relation to IAQ has been implemented until now in the fields of engineering and medical science. It is widely known that the sources and effects of indoor air pollution have been various, and IAQ research with multidisciplinary approaches is required. Nevertheless, few research embedded into a socio-behavioral approach to identifying interventive measures of residents and analyzing their choices is made. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of an interactive measure of residents in apartments that is air purification with phytoncide available in the market, and to investigate their self-reported effects of the air purifying substance on sick building syndrome symptoms. This study utilizes a field experiment design with pre-test and post-test, and the experiment is conducted in a natural field setting. A total of 87 test subjects from 32 households with already sick building syndrome are drawn via internet, and the participation is solely voluntary. The participants receive and use the air purifying substance, and are asked to use it continuously for two weeks and identify their self-reported symptoms of before- and after-use. The research findings indicate that air purification using phytoncide is effective to alleviate their symptoms in relation to sick building syndrome. Also it is noted that the participants report that the use of the air purification causes the positive impacts on their daily life. Further research is needed that compares the group with only humidifier and evaluates the mid-term and long-term use of the air purification and its effects.