• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2013

Forest fires are expected to increase in severity and frequency under global climate change and thus better understanding of fire dynamics is critical for mitigation and adaptation. Researchers with different background, such as ecologists, physicists, and mathematical biologists, have developed various simulation models to reproduce forest fire spread dynamics. However, these models have limitations in the fire spreading because of the complicated factors such as fuel types, wind, and moisture. In this study, we suggested a simple model considering the wind effect and two different fuel types. The two fuels correspond to susceptible tree and resistant tree with different probabilities of transferring fire. The trees were randomly distributed in simulation space with a density ranging from 0.0 (low) to 1.0 (high). The susceptible tree had higher value of the probability than the resistant tree. Based on the number of burnt trees, we then carried out the sensitivity analysis to quantify how the forest fire patterns are affected by wind and tree density. The statistical analysis showed that the total tree density had greatest effect on the forest fire spreading and wind had the next greatest effect. The density of the susceptible tree was relatively lower factor affecting the forest fire. We believe that our model can be a useful tool to explore forest fire spreading patterns.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2007

The acute toxicity of several pesticides on 4 Korean water flea was investigated to develop a new standard species used for ecological risk assessment of pesticide. Four Korean freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia obtusa, Daphnia sp., Moina macrocopa and Simocepholus vetulus were exposed to five different pesticides during 48 hours to compare their sensitivity with a standard test species, Daphnia magna, endorsed formally by the major international organizations. The synthetic pyrethroid, fenpropathrin was the most toxic pesticide to cladocerans. Diazinon, carbofuran, iprodione and myclobutanil were in the order of their toxicity to cladocerans tested. There was no consistent difference in sensitivity to five pesticides for four Korean cladocerans tested. In conclusion, the ecological risk assessment using single species toxicity referred to base set data should not be enough to protect to every species in the field environment.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.292-302
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• 2012

This paper reviews comparison analysis of current and latest application for stock identification methods of Todarodes pacificus, and the pros and cons of each method and consideration of how to compensate for each other. Todarodes pacificus which migrates wide areas in western North Pacific is important fishery resource ecologically and commercially. Todarodes pacificus is also considered as 'biological indicator' of ocean environmental changes. And changes in its short and long term catch and distribution area occur along with environmental changes. For example, while the catch of pollack, a cold water fish, has dramatically decreased until today after the climate regime shift in 1987/1988, the catch of Todarodes pacificus has been dramatically increased. Regarding the decrease in pollack catch, overfishing and climate changes were considered as the main causes, but there has been no definite reason until today. One of the reasons why there is no definite answer is related with no proper analysis about ecological and environmental aspects based on stock identification. Subpopulation is a group sharing the same gene pool through sexual reproduction process within limited boundaries having similar ecological characteristics. Each individual with same stock might be affected by different environment in temporal and spatial during the process of spawning, recruitment and then reproduction. Thereby, accurate stock analysis about the species can play an efficient alternative to comply with effective resource management and rapid changes. Four main stock analysis were applied to Todarodes pacificus: Morphologic Method, Ecological Method, Tagging Method, Genetic Method. Ecological method is studies for analysis of differences in spawning grounds by analysing the individual ecological change, distribution, migration status, parasitic state of parasite, kinds of parasite and parasite infection rate etc. Currently the method has been studying lively can identify the group in the similar environment. However It is difficult to know to identify the same genetic group in each other. Tagging Method is direct method. It can analyse cohort's migration, distribution and location of spawning, but it is very difficult to recapture tagged squids and hard to tag juveniles. Genetic method, which is for useful fishery resource stock analysis has provided the basic information regarding resource management study. Genetic method for stock analysis is determined according to markers' sensitivity and need to select high multiform of genetic markers. For stock identification, isozyme multiform has been used for genetic markers. Recently there is increase in use of makers with high range variability among DNA sequencing like mitochondria, microsatellite. Even the current morphologic method, tagging method and ecological method played important rolls through finding Todarodes pacificus' life cycle, migration route and changes in spawning grounds, it is still difficult to analyze the stock of Todarodes pacificus as those are distributed in difference seas. Lately, by taking advantages of each stock analysis method, more complicated method is being applied. If based on such analysis and genetic method for improvement are played, there will be much advance in management system for the resource fluctuation of Todarodes pacificus.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2015

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the most serious pathogens of persimmon in Korea. In 2013, 67 isolates of C. gloeosporioides were isolated from infected fruits, leaf and twigs of persimmon (Diosprosi kaki) at Sangju, Gyeongsangbukdo and fungal responses against five fungicides (prochloraz manganese complex, tebuconazole, mancozeb+myclobutanil, fluquinconazole+prochloraz, and tebuconazole+tolyfluanid) were evaluated by their growth on the fungicide-medium. All isolates were inhibited mycelium growth on the medium with each recommended application concentration of flied. $EC_{50}$ (${\mu}g/ml$) of tebuconazole was from 0.02 to 1.04 and average was 0.31. $EC_{50}$ (${\mu}g/ml$) of prochloraz manganese complex was 0.02~0.23 average was 0.078. Average $EC_{50}$ values (${\mu}g/ml$) of Fluquinconazole+Prochloraz (FP) was 0.029. On the basis $EC_{50}$ (${\mu}g/ml$), the correlation coefficient (r) between tebuconazole and prochloraz manganese complex, prochloraz manganese complex and FP, tebuconazole and FP were 0.42, 0.44 and 0.27, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.16-27
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• 2020

This study presented a plan for the establishment of conservation areas and the ecological management of those areas in the stream based on the Marxan with Zones Program for a Jungrangcheon Stream in downtown Seoul. The application of the Marxan with Zones Program included the stage of planning unit setting, application of mapping indices, numerical correction for repetitive analysis, creation of scenario-specific optimizations through analysis, analysis of sensitivity by scenario, review, and the selection of optimal plans among the scenarios considered. As a result of the establishment of a conservation area near Jungrangcheon Stream, which has several watershed areas, including an upper-middle-class wildlife protection zone, which was previously designated and managed as a conservation area, and the migratory protection zone downstream of Jungrangcheon Stream were designated as key conservation areas. A number of wild birds were observed in the upper reaches of Jungrangcheon Stream, adjacent to the forests of Suraksan Mountain and Dobongsan Mountain. The downstream area is a habitat for migratory birds that travel along the stream and the adjacent river ecosystem, including the Hangang River confluence and Cheonggyecheon Stream confluence. Therefore, the upper and lower reaches of Jungrangcheon Stream are connected to forest ecosystems such as Dobongsan Mountain, Suraksan Mountain, and Eungbongsan Mountain, as well as urban green area and river ecosystems in the basin area, which influence the establishment of conservation areas. This study verified the establishment and evaluation of existing conservation areas through the Marxan with Zones Program during the verification of the conservation areas and was presented as in-stream management and basin management method to manage the basin areas derived from core conservation areas determined through the program.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

This study examined the possibility of using dark-striped field mice as a biological indicator for the environmental radio-surveillance. For this study, dark-striped field mice were caught from five areas of Kyonggi, Kyongsang, Chungchong and Cholla provinces. The external morphological characteristics and isoenzymic types of dark-striped field mice were studied after they were captured. Among the external morphological characteristics, the dark-brown coat, dark back stripe, head-to-tail length, tail length, and ear length matched the taxonomical characteristics of dark-striped field mice. The analyses on L-lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malate dehydrogenese revealed that one species of dark-striped field mice, called Apodemus agrarius, was inhabitated throughout a wide range of Korea. On the other hand, the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral polychromatic erythrocytes to survived mice after irradiation also analyzed. The LD50/30 of A. cgrarius and ICR mice were approximately 5 Gy and 7.9Gy, respectively. The results of the study reveal that wild A. asrarius have a high potential as a biological monitoring system to determine the impact of radiation in areas such as those within the vicinity of nuclear power plants.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-107
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• 2012

The movie WALL-E shows the Earth which has been overrun with garbage and devoid of plant and animal life, and humans who try to restore the ecosystem. The aim of this study is to find the implications of children's education with a detailed analysis of the movie's theme. The analysis method is the interpretive analysis model that is one of the qualitative methods of data analysis based on the concept of Wolcott. First, the Earth is an abandoned planet covered in trash: the Axiom is a haven for morbidly obese and indolent people. The main area of the earth's destruction, and the captain's cabin is the place to find a clue to awakening and change. Second, with the lapse of time, the Axiom becomes a ship allowing their return to earth. The Earth, recognized as their homeland, turns in to the land of hope when people return. Third, the cleaning robot Wall-E, as a main agent of change, has changed humans as well as itself. The results showed that we found nature-friendly development, destruction of nature, the criticism of modern civilization, the sanctity of life, ecological consciousness, coexistence, symbiosis and a win-win principle in our research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.419-424
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to study the relationship between exposure to nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) in the ambient air and breast cancer incidence. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the MOOSE guideline for review of observational studies. We searched five online databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Scopus) from their conception to June 2014. A pooled estimate of the correlation between $NO_2$ exposure and breast cancer incidence was calculated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 654 titles were retrieved in the initial search of the databases. Further refinement and screening of the retrieved studies produced a total of five studies from four countries. The studies included three ecological studies (aggregate level) and two individual based studies (one prospective cohort and the other one a case-control study). The ecological studies were pooled and the meta-analysis of correlation coefficient without z transformation showed a pooled estimate of r = 0.89 with 95% CI of 0.84 to 0.95. Using z transformation, the pooled r was 1.38 with 95%CI of 1.11 to 1.59. No significant heterogeneity between studies was observed. Following a sensitivity analysis and the removal of each study from pooled analysis we did not see any significant change in the pooled estimate. Conclusions: It was concluded that there is a tendency toward a weak association between exposure to $NO_2$ in ambient air and breast cancer at the individual level and a significant association at the aggregate level.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.117-124
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• 2019

Vibrio cholerae is a very important pathogenic bacterium that has to be monitored in seafood and ships' ballast water. Various methods have been developed to identify this bacterium, yet these methods are time-consuming and have limitations for their sensitivity to detect contamination. The purpose of the present study was to develop a robust and reliable method for identifying V. cholerae. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes were developed to use for PNA-based asymmetrical real-time PCR techniques. The toxigenic Cholera enterotoxin subunit B (ctxB) gene was selected as a target for detecting V. cholerae and the gene was synthesized as a positive template for conventional and real-time PCR. Real-time PCR primers and PNA probes were designed and standard curves were produced for the quantitative analysis. The selected PNA probes reacted specifically to V. cholerae without any ambiguity, even among closely related species, and the detection limit was 0.1 cfu/100 mL. Taken together, the PNA probes and asymmetrical qPCR methods developed in this present study could contribute to the rapid, accurate monitoring of V. cholerae in marine environments, and as well as in seafood and ships' ballast waters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.386-393
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• 1984

This study was carried out to identify the ecological characters easily changeable with the conditions of temperature and day-length and to ascertain the managable means which can optimize the barley plants to secure the maximae yield and early heading under controlled condition. Yield and yield components were greatly varied with temperature. Especially, effective tiller formation and grain filling of sub-tillers were more favorably affected by thermal treatment than those of main tiller. In thermic response, 'Kangbori' was less susceptible than others, while 'Sacheon #6' showed particular susceptability. The varietal differences of photoperiodic response were recognized on all investigated traits and their degree of response were similar to those with temperature. Among varieties, 'Kangbori' was comparably sensitive on several characters while 'Sacheon #6' displaying low light-sensitivity. The turning point at which heading might be radically stimulated was estimated as about 10.5 hour day-length in 3 tested varieties and above 18 hours of irradiance was considered ineffective for more rapid heading. The condition under which barley varieties may obtain maximal yield and resonably early heading was 15$^{\circ}C$ in temperature and 12 to 15 hours of day-length, regardless of varieties. of day-length, regardless of varieties.