• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.515-526
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• 2003

The object of this study was to investigate the relationship between the eating habits of high(4th, 5th, 6th) grade elementary school students and parental behavior characteristics(affection, rational guidance, overprotect and neglect). The parenting behavior scale and demographic variables, eating habits and food frequency were administered to the subjects. In this investigation, the subjects were 396 boys and 337 girls in Chunju city in Korea, 50.1% of the mothers was in the age from 35 to 39 years and 57.8% of the mother had an occupation. Data were analyzed by using a SPSS PS package. Significant differences and correlation among variables were determined by the frequency, $x^2-test$ and pearson's correlation coefficient. Eating habits was significantly influenced by mother's employment status, but was not affected by the levels of mother's education and income. Parental behavior characteristics was significantly related to the children's snacks habits(p<0.05, p<0.01), but have no connection with dietary habits and the eating out. The survey revealed higher percentage of the children who had taken affectionate, reasonable and positively reinforced child care, answered they enjoy meals and the other groups answered they did not. Also frequency of having soup, green vegetables, fruits, dairy products had positive relationship with affective, reasonable rearing attitude, but negative relationship with neglective rearing attitude. And the survey showed children who were reared in overprotect had chocolate, candy and the like in large quantities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2010

외식과 건강상태와의 관련성을 파악하고자 대학병원 건강검진센터에 내원한 20세 이상의 대전시민 137명을 대상으로 2008년 12월 6일부터 2008년 12월 15일까지 외식빈도와 체위, 혈압 및 혈청성분, 영양소 식품군 섭취량을 조사하고, 외식 빈도를 주 1회 미만, 주 1회, 주 2~3회, 주4회 이상의 4개 구간으로 분류하여 외식빈도에 따른 건강 및 영양상태의 차이를 비교하였다. 1) 외식 빈도에 따라 체위와 혈압, 혈청지질과 혈당 수준, 혈청 GPT와 GOT활성도의 평균치가 모두 정상 범위 내에 속하면서 외식 빈도가 높은 주 2~3회 외식군에서 수축기 혈압과 혈청LDL콜레스테롤과 혈청총콜레스테롤 농도가 높은 경향을 보였고, 혈청중성지방은 낮은 경향을 보였다. 2) 총단백질 (p < 0.01), 동물성단백질 (p < 0.01), 동물성 지방 (p < 0.05), 인 (p < 0.05), 비타민 $B_2$ (p < 0.05)의 평균 섭취량은 외식 빈도가 높은 주 4회 이상 외식군에서 높게 나타났으며, 비타민 C (p < 0.05)의 평균 섭취량은 외식 빈도가 낮은 주 1회 미만 외식군에서 높았다. 3) 탄수화물 에너지 비율은 주 1회 미만 외식군에서 높았고 (p < 0.001), 단백질 에너지 비율은 주 4회 이상 외식군에서 높았다 (p < 0.01). 4) 외식빈도에 따라 영양소의 평균필요량이나 충분섭취량 미만자의 분포에서 칼륨은 주 1회 미만 외식군에서 부족자의 비율이 높았고 (p < 0.05), 식이섬유소 (p < 0.05), 비타민 C (p < 0.05)는 주 4회 이상 외식군에서 부족자의 비율이 높았다. 5) 음료 차류 및 주류의 섭취량은 주 4회 이상 외식군에서 주 4회 미만 외식군들에 비해 높게 나타났으며 (p < 0.01), 감자 및 그 제품류는 주 2~3회 외식군에서 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 또한 총동물성식품군, 기타식품군 중 음료 차류 주류의 섭취량은 주 4회 이상 외식군에서 다른 외식군보다 높았다 (p < 0.01). 비록 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 채소류 및 과실류, 총식물성식품군의 섭취는 주 1회 미만 외식군에서 높은 경향을 보였고, 당류와 유지류의 섭취는 주 4회 이상 외식군에서 높은 경향을 보였으며, 육류, 어패류, 우유류는 주 2~3회 이상 외식군에서 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 위의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 외식횟수가 과다하면 총동물성 식품군과 음료 차류 주류 등의 기타식품군의 섭취를 증가시켜 총단백질, 총지방, 인의 과다 섭취를 초래하고, 비타민 C와 철분, 아연의 미량영양소의 섭취부족을 초래하는 것으로 나타나서 비타민 C가 많은 채소류 음식 등 식물성 식품의 식단을 보강시키도록 요식업체에 대한 계몽과 지도가 필요한 것으로 보여진다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sodium intake of office workers using 24-hour urine analysis and to analyze the correlation matrix between variables. The sodium intake of the subjects (n = 137), based on a 24-hr sodium excretion period, was male (n = 56) 6072.4 mg and female (n = 81) 5,168.2 mg. Urinary sodium excretion showed significant positive correlation with BMI, frequency of eating out, expenditure of eating out, salty taste assessment and high-salt dietary behavior. Analysis of urinary sodium excretion showed significant positive correlation with intake frequencies of cabbage kimchi, broiled fish, feast noodle and rice with leaf wraps. Based on the results of multiple regression, urinary sodium excretion was found to be related to intake frequencies of cabbage kimchi, broiled fish, rice with leaf wraps and high score of high-salt dietary behavior.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HMR use and eating habits in young Korean adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 575 adults (232 men, 343 women) in their 20s and 30s in Korea. Their use of HMRs (classified as ready-to-eat, ready-to-cook, and fresh convenience foods) and eating habits were surveyed. The main reasons for HMR use by men and women were convenience (54.7%, 64.4%) and promptness (24.2%, 24.2%), respectively. The most frequent place for HMR purchase was a convenience store (74.1% and 65.0%, respectively). Regarding the frequency of HMR use, 1~2 times a week was the highest for ready-to-eat (40.9%) and ready-to-cook (30.1%), while no eating was the highest for fresh convenience foods (41.0%). HMR preference was the highest (3.8 out of 5 on a 5-point scale) for ready-to-eat, followed by ready-to-cook (3.3 points) and fresh convenience foods (3.3 points). The use frequency and preference of total HMRs, ready-to-eat foods, and ready-to-eat foods were positively correlated with unfavorable eating habits, including unbalanced eating, overeating, salty eating, spicy eating, skipping, and irregular meals. However, fresh convenience foods showed negative correlations with unbalanced eating, overeating, and salty eating. The use frequency and preference of total HMRs, ready-to-eat foods, and ready-to-cook foods were positively correlated with undesirable eating habits. However, fresh convenience food showed a negative correlation with eating habits such as unbalanced, overeating, and salty eating. These results should be considered for favorable food production and consumer guidance to promote healthy food choices.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.280-290
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• 2015

Diet is closely related to an economic level, but few studies have reported on the relationship between the economic level and eating habits, especially in college students. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify differences in eating habits with a focus on processed foods according to allowance level in college students. This study was a cross-sectional survey of 500 college students using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics, eating behaviors, purchase of processed foods, and preference and intake frequency of processed foods. All subjects were classified based on monthly allowance: less than \300,000 (n=149), \300,000~400,000 (n=177), and more than \400,000 (n=124). All survey results were comparatively analyzed among the spending money groups. As the level of spending money of the subjects increased, the rate of skipping meals, eating out, and unbalanced diet increased (P<0.05). The reason for consuming processed foods was because they are easy to prepare. The factor considered the most when buying processed foods was price. However, these results showed no significant difference according to level of spending money. As spending money increased preference for retort, convenience, canned, and bottled foods significantly increased. Intake frequency of dairy products was lower, and the frequency of processed foods was significantly higher with more spending money. This study found that a higher level of monthly allowance in college students, was associated with higher rate of skipping meals, eating out, and unbalanced diet, and the preference and intake frequency of processed foods were also high. These results suggest that spending money level in college students, as an economic indicator, is relevant to intake of processed foods.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of the determinants for home meal replacement (HMR) purchase frequency before and after COVID-19. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to the 2018~2020 Consumer Behavior Survey for Food data from the Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI). Gender, age, number of households, monthly income, use of eating out, delivery and takeout order service, HMR food safety concern, the frequency of cooking at home, grocery shopping, and eating alone were applied as the explanatory variables to explain HMR purchase frequency. The results are as below. Compared to the previous year, the growth rate of HMR purchase frequency in 2020 was relatively high, indicating that the COVID-19 outbreak acted as a catalyst. Unlike in 2018 and 2019, there was no statistical difference in the HMR purchase frequency between single- and multi-person households in 2020, with indicating multi-person households began to emerge as one of the major HMR consumption groups. Unlike 2018, the 2020 HMR purchase frequency showed a statistically positive relationship with those of grocery shopping and eating alone. There was a positive relationship between the frequency of eating out/food delivery orders and HMR purchases. The more often cooking at home occurred, the less HMR food was purchased.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to provide useful information to restaurant managers by analyzing eating out behavior and the diverse needs and wants of the people residing in the Seoul area. four hundred twenty-seven(427) people were sampled for this study and classified into three groups : housewives, salarymen and college students. The results of this study are as follows : (10 Among the groups, there were significant differences in general eating out behavior such as 'frequency' 'preferred food style' and 'who pays the check' among others. (2) The study showed housewives listing 'special occasion' as 'taking care of meal' (3) All groups considered 'price' as especially important. (4) When selecting a menu item, taste was considered most important by all groups. Housewives showed nutritional value to be important while salarymen chose the same item as companions an college students showed 'portions' and 'price' to be important. (5) degree of satisfaction of restaurants were found to be low with items such as ' price'. 'range of menu choices' and 'courteousness of employees' being relatively low.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Entrance Examinees' Eating Behavior on their health condition. The examinees for Chungbuk National university in 1992 were asked to fill out the questionnaire(The total number was 1054 ; 537 males, 517 females). The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, Crosstabs, Chi-square, t-test, one-way Anova, and Multiple Regression using SPSS/PC+ Program. The results are as follows. 1. Health condition due to an eating attitude: 1) As to health condition due to the food intake freguency, those who intaked fish or meat 3-5 days a week had the best heal th condition, but those who hardly intaked fish and meat or intaked them almost everyday had rather poor health condition. Those who intaked fried foods 1-2 days a week had the best health condition. The higher the freguency intaking such food or instant food was, the worse health condition was. 2) In view of health condition according to an eating attitude, it led to very good health condition to have breakfast & supper, to eat regularly, to select the nutritious foods, and to have a balanced diet. Overeating before sleeping and no meal or overeating before exam made their health very bad. Alcohol drinking & cigarrette smoking as favorite foods appeared significantly high in the boys. The more frequently they drinked alcohol and smoked cigarrette the worse their health condition was. Those who enjoyed milk, soya milk, and korean tea as favorite beverages had the better health condition than those who enjoyed coffee and soft drinks. 2. Influence of Eating Behavior on Health Condition. 1) The food intake freguency and the eating attitude influenced each other. The higher the score of food intake frequency was, the better the eating attitude appeared. 2) As a result of this study for eating behavior influencing on their health condition, the eating attitude influenced health condition, and the higher the eating attitude score was, the better heal th condition could be.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate eating habits and the frequency of trigger-food consumption in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to examine the associations of these variables with IBS symptom severity. Methods: We included 145 ROME III-positive IBS patients (mean age 31.2 years, 73.8% of female). Subjects completed an eating-habits and food-consumption questionnaire, IBS-Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS) and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) for psychological distress. Results: Subjects with unhealthy eating-habits such as irregular meal times, frequently eating out and overeating tended to show higher IBS symptom severity. The severity of IBS symptoms related to the frequency of the consumption of trigger foods. Subjects who ate trigger-foods (i.e., tofu, beans, almonds, and peanuts) less frequently showed higher IBS symptom severity (p=.045, .042, .016, and .019, respectively). However, subjects who ate spicy foods, instant foods, and noodles more frequently experienced more severe IBS symptoms (p=.018, .011, and .023 respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that IBS symptom severity was related to meal intake patterns and frequency of trigger food consumption. These findings could provide a basis for developing an intervention program for IBS patients.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.468-478
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• 2014

Objectives: Intake of fruits and vegetables has protective effects against stroke attack. This study intended to examine the status of consuming fruits and vegetables and to find out which factors may influence the frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables in individuals with a history of stroke. Methods: The data of 208 subjects from 5th (2010, 2011) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) who reported a stroke diagnosis was used for analysis. To identify major factors influencing the consumption of fruits and vegetables, a classification-tree analysis was carried out. Results: Among those who reported a stroke diagnosis, the frequencies of consumption of fruits and vegetables were influenced by their age, place of residence (urban or rural), economic status, educational level, occupation, number of family members, frequency of eating out, and having meals (breakfast or lunch) with family members. Two factors from fruits and three factors from vegetables were generated by exploratory factor analyses. Urban residents ate fruits and vegetables more frequently in all factors than rural residents. Eating frequencies of 'seasonal fruits (orange, apple, strawberry, melon, pear and watermelon)', 'easily-accessible fruits (persimmon, tangerine, grape, peach, banana)', and 'Western-style vegetables (cabbage, mushroom, carrot, tomato, spinach)' were influenced by the socioeconomic status. Eating frequencies of 'Korean-style vegetables (bean sprout, radish leaves, pumpkin/squash, sea weed)', 'preserved vegetables (Korean cabbage, radish, laver, cucumber)' were influenced by having breakfast with family members. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that by eating more fruits and vegetables, more preventive effects against secondary stroke attack are expected in stroke patients who live in the rural areas and who do not eat breakfast with family members. In addition, more outreach and education programs are needed for them.