• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.491-501
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary behavior, nutrient and food intake status and dietary quality based on nutrient and food group intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) according to breakfast eating status in female university students. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and 3-day dietary records for 181 female university students residing in Seoul, Gyunggi, and Gangwon. The subjects were divided into two groups by frequency of breakfast eating: skipping breakfast (frequency of eating breakfast under 4 times/week, n=69) and eating breakfast (frequency of eating breakfast over five times/week, n=112). The skipping-breakfast group was significantly lower in its frequency of having lunch than that of the eating-breakfast group. There was no significant difference of energy intake between the two groups; however, the intake of carbohydrate, fiber, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, Ca and Fe in the skipping-breakfast group was significantly lower than those in the eating-breakfast group. There was no significant difference in Korean's Dietary Diversity Score (KDDS) between the skipping-breakfast group ($4.65{\pm}0.56$) and eating-breakfast group ($4.73{\pm}0.50$). The average DQI-I of the skippingbreakfast group ($56.96{\pm}9.04$) was significantly lower than that of the eating-breakfast group ($61.32{\pm}7.99$). In conclusion, female university students with a high frequency of skipping breakfast may have a lower diet quality and DQI-I score. Therefore, in support of proper dietary management, it is necessary to promote and support breakfast eating.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.779-788
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data on the importance of eating breakfast by analyzing the dietary habits, dietary attitude, dietary behavior, and nutrition knowledge between of male high school students according to breakfast eating status. The subjects consisted of 400 male high school students living in Chungnam. There was no significant difference according to grade, height, and weight between students who skipped breakfast and those who ate breakfast. Further, satisfaction and perception about body weight were not statistically different between the two groups. Regarding relationships with friends, to the response 'I have a lot of relationships with friends' was 25.5% in the skipping breakfast group and 45.7% in the eating breakfast group. The academic records of the students who ate breakfast were much higher. Meal regularity, meal satisfaction, and dietary attitude of the eating breakfast group were better than those of the skipping breakfast group. Regarding the level of nutritional knowledge, students who skipped breakfast scored $7.6{\pm}2.9$ points while the students who ate breakfast scores $7.9{\pm}3.1$ points, indicating no significant difference. The students who ate breakfast had better friendships, higher academic achievement, and better dietary behavior and attitude. Therefore, it is necessary to increase nutrition education and reduce the skipping of breakfast through a variety of methods, such as school food service and simple recipes for Korean food. It should also be considered that nutrition education for parents be widely provided.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1170-1184
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Skipping breakfast is prevalent in young adult women. This study examined the psychosocial factors and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were female university students in Seoul, South Korea. A survey was done, and the data from 291 students were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into a high breakfast group (HBG) and low breakfast group (LBG). Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression were mainly used in data analysis. RESULTS: The subjects had breakfast 3.6 days/week on average. The HBG (47.4%) and the LBG (52.6%) differed significantly in breakfast status, including place, people eating together, breakfast menu, and breakfast preparers (P < 0.001). The HBG agreed more strongly with the advantages of breakfast than the LBG (P < 0.001). The disadvantages/barriers of breakfast were stronger in the LBG (P < 0.001). The HBG felt more confidence in having breakfast (P < 0.001) and confidence in general eating behaviors (P < 0.05). The two groups also differed in the subjective norms from parents/professionals (P < 0.001) and siblings/friends (P < 0.01). The HBG showed desirable eating behaviors more frequently (P < 0.001) and undesirable eating behaviors less frequently (P < 0.001). Multiple regression showed that the following were significantly related to the breakfast frequency, explaining 57.3% of the variance: self-efficacy regarding having breakfast (P < 0.001), perceived barriers of breakfast (no appetite/habit/indigestion, P < 0.001), desirable and undesirable eating behaviors (P < 0.01), subjective norms from parents/professionals (P < 0.05), and perceived barriers due to lack of time/preparation difficulties (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial factors and eating behaviors were significantly related to the breakfast frequency. Nutrition education might include strategies to increase self-efficacy for breakfast, modify the beliefs, particularly the disadvantages/barriers of breakfast, adopt desirable eating behaviors, and elicit support from significant others.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.259-275
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to eating behavior of breakfast and dietary life score in elementary, middle, and high school students. This study was conducted by administering questionnaires, and data were analyzed by the SPSS program. The subjects were divided into three groups according to school group (elementary, middle, and high school). The subjects consisted of 1,879 students (male 973, female 906) from 11 schools in Kyungpook. The distribution of subjects was as follows: elementary school children 682, middle school students 702, and high school students 495. The results are summarized as follows. Dietary life score was 72.64 for elementary school students, 64.77 for middle school students, and 62.67 for high school students. Frequency of eating breakfast and reasons for skipping breakfast were significantly different according to school group (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively). The main reason for skipping breakfast was 'habitual skip' for elementary and middle school students (54.8%, 46.7%) and 'getting up too late' in high school students (55.4%). There were no significant association between frequency of eating breakfast and BMI. However, there were significant differences in school performance and sleeping hours according to frequency of eating breakfast (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively). Dietary life score was significantly different according to frequency of eating breakfast (P<0.001). These results stress the need for intervention programs aimed at decreasing the frequency of skipping breakfast in children and students at school. Further, those who prepares meals for children must increase their concern about preparing breakfast.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to survey stress, eating behavior, and the influences of stress on eating behavior of high school boys and girls. The subjects of this study were 510 high school students(boys 240, girls 270) in Cheongju area. The questionaires were distributed to 510 students, self-evaluated and collected from Mar. 23 to Apr. 4, 1998. The results of this study were as follows： First, the third grade students of high school were suffering from many stress. The rate of such students was 33.9% of total students. Second, eating problems of students were unbalanced diet, irregular diet, omitting a meal. The most irregular meal was breakfast, especially girl students ate breakfast more irregular than boy students. Third, the higher the level of stress of stress of the students, the more eating problem existed. The more students met with stress, the more eating behavior was irregular in eating quantity. In conclusion, stress influences eating behavior of high school students negatively. Therefore, to improve eating behavior of students who are suffering from stress, the program on stress release and nutrition education should be developed and supplied to them.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.292-307
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the eating behavior and to analyze the various factors affecting eating behavior among middle school students. The subjents consisted of 212 middle school students(106 boys and 106 girls between 13-14 years) residing in Seoul. A questionnaire was used as the questionnaire consisted of four parts : the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, value toward food and nutrition, diet diversity(the number of food items) and eating behavior. Results showed that fifty three point five percent of males and fifty seven percent of females skipped breakfast. The main reason for skipping breakfast was shortage of time. Fifty five percent of the total number of subjects stated that they had more than two plasant meals a day. The number of food items eaten was significantly higher in males than in females. In only 16.4% of total subjects(18.5% of male and 14.2% of female), the primary pursuit in having meals was not to satisfy hunger but to consider nutrition and health. The eating behavior of the adolescents showed that 65% of the subjects had a 'good' eating behavior score and 17.4% had scores of 'excellent' and 'poor' respectively. The existence of parents, the economic level of the family, and concern of health and nutrition affected the eating behavior score. The less the subject skipped breakfast, the greater they placed a value toward food and nutrition. Value toward food and nutrition had a significant influence on their eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating behavior. Those who placed a value toward food and nutrition had a higher eating eating behavior. As a result of the multiple regression analysis, factors affecting eating behavior were 'pleasant meal' , 'the value toward food and nutrition' and 'the numbers of food items' in order(R2=0.2984).

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.466-474
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the dining-out behavior of breakfast and preference on the menu of female college students. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 417 were used for statistical analysis(SAS program). This survey was conducted from June, 2000 to October, 2000. 72.8% of the respondents thought there were problems in eating breakfast. The problems were 'skipping breakfast frequently(33.1%)', 'short eating time(20.9%)', 'simple menu(18.8%)'. Preference of dining-out breakfast menus were 'bread & milk(43.8%)', 'conventional menu(34.7%)', 'snack(15.5%)', soup or 'porridge(6.0%)'. A general preference of breakfast menus were conventional (63.7%), 'bread & milk(21.1%)', 'milk and breakfast cereal(8.7%)', 'soup or porridge(6.5%)'. Increase on the amount of monthly allowance decreased the preference of conventional type of breakfast(P<0.05). The questions about the breakfast were 'what is the best menus for breakfast(49.2%)', 'alternative to rice(17.1%)', 'the amounts of breakfast(12.1%)'. But there was no significant difference among these variables. In conclusion, development of convenient & well-balanced breakfast model and nutritional education are needed to increase the nutritional status of female college students.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.73-87
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to survey stress, eating behavior, and the influences of stress on eating behavior of high school boys and girls. The subjects of this study were 510 high school students(boys 240, girls 270) in Cheongju area. The questionaires were distributed to 510 students, self-evaluated and collected from Mar. 23 to Apr. 4, 1998. The results of this study were as follows： First, the third grade students of high school were suffering from many stress. The rate of such students was 33.9% of total students. Second, eating problems of students were unbalanced diet, irregular diet, omitting a meal. The most irregular meal was breakfast, especially girl students ate breakfast more irregular than boy students. Third, the higher the level of stress of stress of the students, the more eating problem existed. The more students met with stress, the more eating behavior was irregular in eating quantity. In conclusion, stress influences eating behavior of high school students negatively. Therefore, to improve eating behavior of students who are suffering from stress, the program on stress release and nutrition education should be developed and supplied to them.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between watching mukbang (eating broadcasts) and dietary and health behavior in adults who watch mukbang. Methods: The questionnaire was administered on a self-written basis through online and offline formats to 800 adults (400 men and 400 women). The contents of the survey consisted of general characteristics, mukbang viewing time per week, breakfast intake frequency, preference for menus when viewing mukbang, delivery food intake frequency per week, late meal intake frequency per week, and health behavior. The subjects were divided into three groups according to mukbang viewing time. Results: The body weight of viewers was significantly higher when mukbang viewing time was over 14 hours for both men and women. In particular, based on the BMI (body mass index), those who watched mukbang for more than 14 hours were found to be overweight. People with more than 14 hours of mukbang viewing time per week were found to prefer mostly carbohydrate-rich food and meat, while those with less than 7 hours of mukbang viewing time per week showed a higher preference for vegetables and fruits. An analysis of the frequency of breakfast eaten showed that the rate of skipping breakfast was the highest for those who watched mukbang for more than 14 hours per week, and the rate of eating breakfast daily was the highest in the case of fewer than 7 hours of viewing. In the case of high mukbang viewing time per week, the frequency of food delivery and night eating was high. When mukbang viewing time was high, the viewer's interest in health was low and the frequency of exercising too was low. Conclusions: Viewers with high mukbang viewing time showed undesirable health and eating behavior. Thus, it is believed that proper nutrition education on improving eating habits and raising the awareness of correct eating habits is necessary for such viewers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.687-693
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• 2010

This study investigated difference of general eating habit and eating-out behavior between men and women of university students in Gyonggi area. The survey was conducted from 1 March to 1 April 2010, in Gyeonggi area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 250 students in Gyeonggi area. The research results show, first of all, that they eat twice a day, and they usually do not eat breakfast. The main reason why they do not eat breakfast is that they do not have enough time to eat. Between men and women, there is significant difference in eating amount and eating speed at 0.001 levels. Men's problems of eating behavior are irregular meal time and speed of eating time, and in case of women, they do not have a meal regularly and overeat at one time. Second, they usually eat out for a meal and gather with friends once to three times a week. Also, the lunch set-menu promotion is the most preferred one. Third, when men choose a restaurant, they consider in order of taste, convenience, amount, and service; women consider in order of atmosphere, taste, convenience, and service. Taste is the most important for men; atmosphere is the most important consideration for women. Taste (at 0.01 levels), sanitation (at 0.05 levels), and atmosphere (at 0.001 levels) are significantly different between men and women in choosing restaurant.