• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 1995

The incidence of oral complications among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy varies from 12 to 80%. Adequate oral hygiene has been shown to be important in prevention of oral complication and an essential role is reserved for the nursing staff. These considerations prompted the decision to survey by means of a questionaire, the nurses who give care to cancer patients. The Questions were included multidisciplinary treatment, inspection skill, nursing intervention, nursing education, problem in mouth care, solution for problem solving. - Results are fellow : 1. A total of 116 of the nurses returned the questionaire 2. According to 88.2% of the respondents, the policy with regard to oral-hygine is determined by the physician and the nurse. 62.1% of nurses do not consult the dentist When oral complication is occured. 3. In only 34.5% of case was a penight used to provide the necessary extra illumination nursing Inspection of oral cavity. 4. Frequency of oral complications observed by the respondents is that they observed complications in < 25% of patients. The nature of the complication varied from ulcer, stomatitis, infection, dry mouth, candidiasis, herpes simplix, bleeding. 5. Percentages of respondents who use the intervention indicated 1) to prevent oral complication : 0.9% normal saline gargling(44%), 0.02% chlorhexidine gargling, oral dressing(38.8%), observation, nutrition, restriction of alcohol and tabaco(23.2%) 2) to deal with the early symptoms 0.9% normal saline gargling (47.4%), cryotherapy(37.9%), 0.02% chlorhexidine gargling(20.7%) 3) to help alleviate severe complications : dental consult, holding the chemotherapy(34.5%), 0.9% normal saline gargling(31.1%), cryotherapy(18.0%) 6. According to 70% of the respondents, insufficient attention is given to oral complication during nursing education classes only 8.6% said that both the theory and the practical aspects had been deal with in sufficient detail during their training. The results of the survey indicate thatoral care in cancer patients undergoing chemothrapy has a number of problem. There are not enough dentist to provide the necessary care for patients undergoing chemotherapy. The expertise of the nurses with respect to the pathogenesis of the complication is limited. In the training of nurses, additional attention to oral examinations and oral hygine is warranted. The care of patients should be the responsibility of a multidisciplinary team approach. The nurse occupies a key position with in this team, which includes the medical oncologist, a dentist.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.350-354
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• 1996

Pulmonary mucormycosis is a very rare but often fatal opportunistic fungal infection caused by the order Mucorales in class Zygomycetes. Reported overall mortality exceeds 70% and the diagnosis is often made post-mortem. We experienced 2 cases of typical form of pulmonary mucormycosis. One patient was a poorly controlled diabetic and the other suffered from acute Iymphocytic leukemia (ALL). The former was diagnosed by a bronchoscopic biopsy and the latter by a pathologic examination from the percutaneous drain of a subphrenic abscess. Both of them underwent a surgical excision of the involved lung tissue. The patient with diabetes mellitus was successfully treated by surgical resection and discharged without complications. The other with ALL underwent a second operation and was transferred to the department of internal medicine for further management of his relapse of lettkemia. Recent literat re suggests that early aggressive diagnostic effort and treatment including surgical resection in the case of localized forms of the disease results in a good prognosis.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus known as an one of the major aquacultured species in Korea were exposed to cadmium(Cd) with different protocols and analyzed the effects of exposure on the immune response. Antibody levels in sera of the group exposed to Cd(20ppb) by immersion method from 2 weeks before immuniztion with formalinised Edwardsiella tarda(E. tarda) KFE entigen to the end of experiment reached to peak level faster than that of the non-exposed group. After this peaking time the levels decreased much at a faster rate compared to the non-exposed group. This tendency was also appeared in the numbers of specific antibody secreting cells(SASC) analyzed with the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)-assay technique in the splenocytes of the experimental groups exposed to Cd with different ways. Interestingly, the group exposed to Cd for 2 weeks before immunization also showed increased numbers of SASC unlikely the antibody production and suggested a more critical influence of cadmium exposure in early stage of immune reaction. Artificial infection with live E. tarda KFE induces 100% mortality in the flounder exposed to cadmium throughout the experimental period from two weeks before the immunization. It may imply that some other factors related to specific immunity are involving in the defence system of flounder exposed to Cd. Taked together. Cd exposure may induce temporaily stimulatory or indhibitory effects on the immune reaction, but suppress the physiological systems for the resistant against the infective agents with other toxic effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2013

Formate dehydrogenase (FDH), catalyzing the oxidation of the formate ion to carbon dioxide, is known as the stress protein in response to drought, low temperature and pathogen infection. To study the functions of FDH in poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa), we isolated a FDH cDNA (PagFDH1) and examined its expressional characteristics. The PagFDH1 is 1,499 base pairs long and encodes a putative 388 amino acid protein with an expected molecular mass of 42.5 kDa. The PagFDH1 protein has N-terminal mitochondria signal peptide and $NAD^+$ binding domain. Southern blot analysis indicated that a single copy of the PagFDH1 is present in the poplar genome. PagFDH1 is expressed highly in the suspension cells (especially in the lag and early exponential phases) and moderately in roots, flowers and leaves. ABA-mediated enhanced expression of PagFDH1 in response to drought and salt stress treatments indicates that the gene product could play an important role in the development of stress resistant trees.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.320-324
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• 2010

Introduction: The placement of a single miniplate is not sufficient to achieve rigid fixation in mandibular angle fractures. It often causes difficulties in reducing the intermaxillary fixation (IMF) period. Consequently, the placement of 2 miniplates is preferable. The intraoral approach in an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a mandibular angle fracture with 2 miniplates is often challenging. Accordingly, an alternative of transbuccal approach is performed. However, this method leaves a scar on the face and can result in facial nerve injury. This clinical study suggests a protocol that can maintain rigid fixation without a transbuccal approach in mandibular angle fractures. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 7 patients who sustained fractures of the mandibular angle and treated at Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University. ORIF under general anesthesia was done using the intraoral approach. One miniplate was inserted on external oblique ridge of the mandible, and the other was placed on lateral surface of the mandibular body with contra-angle drill and driver. A radiographic assessment and occlusal contact point examination was carried out before surgery, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after surgery. Results: The mean operation time was 80 minutes. Regarding the occlusion state, the number of contact points increased after surgery. Paresthesia and infection were reported to be complications before surgery. Conclusion: The placement of 2 miniplates using contra-angle drill for ORIF of mandibular angle fractures allows early movement of the mandible without IMF. We propose this approach to reduce the patients’discomfort and simplify the surgical procedure.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2007

CADIA(Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis) method is used to analyze bone density changes around the implants. The usefullness and reproducibility of the method was assessed. We tried to find out if there is any possibility to quantitiate and qualitify peri-implant bone density change as time passes. And we concluded that this newly developed linear analysis is efficient for analyzing peri-implant bone density change non-Invasively. In this study, 2152 machined $Br{\aa}nemark$ fixtures installed from 1994 to 2002 in the department of Periodontics, Dental hospital of College of Dentistry, Yonsei University were included. Of these fixtures 22 radiographically analyzable failed fixtures were used as experimental group, and 22 successful implants placed in the same patient were used as control group. 1. 57 out of 1635 machined $Br{\aa}nemark$ standard and Mk II implants system failed, the survival rate was 96.5%. And 11 out of 517 machined $Br{\aa}nemark$ Mk III and Mk IV implants system failed, the survival rate was 97.9%. Total survival rate was 96.8%. 2. 22 failed implants were used for the analysis, 10 of which failed before prosthetic treatment due to infection and overheating. 12 failed due to overload after prosthetic treatment, 63.6% of which failed during the early phase of functional loading, i, e. before 1 year of loading. 3. Bone density change values around coronal region of the failed implants were $-6.54{\pm}6.35$, middle region were $-3.53{\pm}5.78$, apical region were $-0.75{\pm}10.33$, resulting in average of $-3.71{\pm}8.03$. 4. Bone density change values around coronal region of the successful implants were $4.25{\pm}4.66$, middle region were $6.33{\pm}5.02$, apical region were $9.89{\pm}4.67$, resulting in average of $6.27{\pm}5.29$. 5. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups (p<0.01). In conclusion, the linear analysis method using computer-assisted densitometric image analysis could be a useful method for the analysis of implants, and could be used for future implant researchs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.303-308
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• 2011

Tooth impaction refers to situations in which the eruption is inhibited by some physical barriers in eruptive path and the tooth remains unerupted beyond the normal time of eruption. The etiology of impacted tooth is controversial, but ankylosis has been suggested probably as a leading role. Impacted primary molars may cause several problems such as space loss, tipping of adjacent teeth, supra-eruption of the antagonists, dislocation of succeeding premolar, cystic change and infection. As one of conventional treatments of impacted primary molars, early tooth extraction or surgical extraction following space regaining when there is space loss has been suggested. However, when they are in normal formation and not ankylosed, orthodontic traction following surgical exposure can be the choice of treatment. In this case, a 3-year-old boy was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry for the unerupted mandibular right second primary molar. After surgical removal of gingiva on the occlusal surface, orthodontic traction was performed. After treatment, we could get normal alignment of primary teeth and the opportunity for normal development of permanent teeth.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

Intestinal atresia is a frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. We reviewed the clinical presentation, associated anomalies, types of atresias, operative managements, and early postoperative complications in 36 cases of intestinal atresia treated at the Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 1994 and February 2003. Location of the lesion was duodenum in 17 patients, jejunum in 11 patients and ileum in 8 patients. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4 in duodenal atresia (DA), 2.7:1 in jejunal atresia (JA) and 7:1 in ileal atresia (IA). The most common type was type III (41.1 %) in DA, and type I (52.6 %) in JA and IA. The most common presenting symptoms was vomiting(88.2 %) in DA, but in jejunoileal atresia, vomiting(89.4 %) and abdominal distension(89.4 %) were the most common sign and symptom. All cases of DA were diagnosed by plain abdominal radiography. There were 6 cases of DA with congenital heart disease, 3 cases of DA with Down syndrome and 3 cases of JA with meconium peritonitis. Segmental resection was performed in 13 cases, duodenoduodenostomy in 11 cases, membrane excision in 7 cases, jejunojejunostomy in 2 cases, gastroduodenostomy in 2 cases and ileocolic anastomosis in 1 case. There were 9 postoperative complications including 3 each of anastomotic leakage, wound infection, and intestinal obstruction 3 cases. The mortality rate for DA was 11.8 %(2/17). Both deaths in DA were attributed to congenital heart disease. The mortality rate for JA was 18% (2/11). Both cases died with sepsis and short bowel syndrome.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2017

ELISA has been used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, but it is being gradually replaced by a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We compared and analyzed ELISA and RDT results using the sera collected during 4 consecutive years from residents of Gyodong-do (Island), Incheon-city, Korea. Sera from 921, 993, 940, and 838 adult residents were collected on a yearly basis (2010-2013). ELISA was performed by using a crude extract of T. gondii RH strain antigen and IgG/IgM RDT mounted with recombinant fragment of major surface antigen (SAG1), GST-linker-SAG1A, were applied to the sera. Comparison between groups was analyzed by the Student's t-test. The positive seroprevalence surged from 14.7% (135/921, 2010), 23.1% (231/993, 2011), 23.6% (222/940, 2012), and 32.1% (269/838, 2013) by ELISA. In contrast, RDT showed a more moderate increasing trend from 21.7% (200/921, 2010), 25.5% (253/993, 2011), 28.9% (272/940, 2012) and 33.1% (277/838, 2013). Discrepancies between ELISA and RDT were noted near the cut-off value. At the OD 0.15-0.24 range, RDT could detect 16.1% (169/1051) more positives, which suggests an early or acute toxoplasmosis, but at the OD 0.25-0.34 range, ELISA could detect 35.9% (92/256) more positives of possible chronic infections. Over the OD > 0.35 ELISA and RDT agreed in the majority of the cases. This surge in seroprevalence may be caused by the organic agriculture in addition to eating behavior or increase in pets among Koreans. These facts may be applied on a full-scale national survey using RDT to supplement ELISA to define the characteristics of the infection.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2008

Purpose : We hypothesized that the mannose binding lectin gene (MBL2), a key molecule of innate immunity may contribute to the development of Kawasaki disease (KD) in early childhood. This study was performed to investigate the polymorphisms of MBL2 and the risk of developing KD in Korean children. Methods : The study subjects were 112 children with KD who were admitted to the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between October 2003 and March 2005. The control subjects consisted of 224 anonymous, healthy Korean blood donors. Extracted genomic DNA was amplified for codon 54 of MBL2 exon 1 and alleles (a and b) were assigned via sequencing analysis. The frequency of the alleles of the MBL2 exon 1 was compared between the case and control groups. Results : The median age of patients was 27 months (range, 3 months-7 years), 45.5% were <24 months of age and 54.5% were ${\geq}2$ years. The genotype distribution reached Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both cases and control subjects. In the cases with KD, the genotypic frequencies of codon 54 polymorphisms were 67.9% for aa, 29.5% for ab, and 2.6% for bb. There were no significant differences in the overall distribution of the polymorphisms between the cases and the control subjects. In addition, the genotype distribution was not different according to age. Conclusions : Our findings indicate that the codon 54 polymorphism of the MBL2 gene is not likely to contribute to the risk of developing KD in Korean children. Further studies on the development of coronary artery lesions with regard to MBL2 genotypes are warranted.