• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.150-160
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• 2010

The origin of the Roman public basilica is Rome's indigenous style morphologically but actually it seems that developed the Greek semi-open style stoa into the Roman practical interior space. In the early ages, the arrangement of Roman forum had been planned high symbolical temple as the center but gradually changed into the basilica centered which were used often by citizen. Through the Roman period, the important types of early Roman basilica have Fano basilica in the first century BC, Pompei basilica of mid period in the first century AD, Doclear basilica with apse as late type in the second century AD. Pompei type well characterized the feature of Roman public basilica among them. The result of the floor plan analysis shows that the long side access to the interior space is over 76 percent of examples and nearly 70 percent have no apse and the average of vertical horizontal length ratio presents as 1:2.3. The typical plan of Roman public basilica can be defined that most of access are being entered from one of the long side, and most of basilica have no apse, and normally having inner columns arranged in one or more concentric rectangles around nave as a center.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.16 s.16
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• pp.5-14
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• 2004

Luminescence dating is based upon the premise that several commonly occurring minerals (e.g. quartz and feldspar) can be used as natural dosimeters, recording the amount of radiation to which they have been exposed. We report results of optical dating on quartz samples separated from archaeological remains (burnt soils and potteries), which were excavated at Myungam-Ri, Asan, and Chungnam province and at Sayang-Ri, Chinchun, Chungbuk province, considered as the cultural site of the early Bronze Age. The resultant dates were in good agreement with the ages derived by archaeological assessment. It is concluded that the optical dating introduced in here should contribute significantly to future archaeological dating work.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

This paper emphasizes on the accomplishment of compensated proton density image and T2 weighted image taken from the shrinkage surface of the Brain. From the images, the Brain's surface shrinkage in the normal image and the surface shrinkage in the abnormal image can be observed. After the separation of white matter, gray matter, and CSF, this algorithm calculates the volume of each of them automatically. Results are subdivided into particular ages and saved in the database to be analyzed and to be processed statistically. Therefore, by using this algorithm the normal and abnormal stages can be detected in the early stages to diagnose. This result easily discernment Alzheimer patient and is useful for Alzheimer diagnostic and early detection.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.583-586
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• 2005

Strength of concrete is very important factor in design and quality management and may represent overall quality of concrete. Such strength of concrete may differ depending on amount of cement mixed, water and fine aggregate ratio. Classic concrete products have been produced mainly with ordinary portland cement(hereinafter 'cement'), water and fine aggregate as shown above, but various additives and mixture materials have been used for concrete manufacturing, along with development of high functional concrete and diversification of structures. Various kinds of chemical mixtures agents and mixture materials have been used as it requires concretes with other features which cannot be solved with existing materials only, such as high strength, high flexibility and no-separation in the water. Such addition of various mixture agents may cause change in cement hydrate, affecting strength. Hydration of cement is the process of producing potassium hydroxide, C-S-H, C-A-H and Ettringite, while causing heat generation reaction after it is mixed with water, and generation amounts of such hydrates play lots of roles in condensation and hardening. This study aims to analyze its strength and features with hydrates by making specimen according to curing temperature, types of mixture agent, mixing ratio and ages and by analyzing such hydrates in order to analyze role of cement hydrate on early strength of concrete.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.257-269
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• 2016

Early-strength-concrete (ESC) made of Type I cement with a high Blaine value of $500m^2/kg$ reaches approximately 60 % of its compressive strength in 1 day at ambient temperature. Based on the 210 compressive test results, a generalized rateconstant material model was presented to predict the development of compressive strengths of ESC at different equivalent ages (9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 100 and 168 h) and maximum temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$) for design compressive strengths of 30, 40 and 50 MPa. The developed material model was used to find optimum curing regimes for precast prestressed members with ESC. The results indicated that depending on design compressive strength, conservatively 25-40 % savings could be realized for a total curing duration of 18 h with the maximum temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, compared with those observed in a typical curing regime for concrete with Type I cement.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2014

This study investigated changes in the prelinguistic vocal production of typically developing infants aged 5-20 months based on Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development-Revised (SAEVD-R). Fifty-eight typically developing infants participated in the study, and they were divided into four age groups, 5-8 months, 9-12 months, 13-16 months, and 17-20 months of age. Vocalization samples were collected from infants' play activities and were classified into 5 levels and 23 types using SAEVD-R. The results revealed that the four age groups showed significant differences in production proportion of vocalization levels. Level 1, 2, 4, and 5 vocalizations exhibited significantly different across the four age groups. Level 3 was predominantly produced across every age group. Therefore, the vocalization level was not significantly different across the four age groups. Especially, vowels in Level 3 vocalization predominantly produced across all ages during a long period. Also, significant increases in the proportion of Levels 4 and 5 occurred after 9 months, which suggested that the production of cannonical syllables is a key indicator of advancement in prelinguistic vocal development. The results have clinical implication in early identification and speech-language intervention for young children with speech delays or at risk.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

The critical element for sustainable growth in the construction industry is the development of alternative cements. A new technological process called geopolymerization provides an innovative solution, and the presence of aluminum and silicon oxides in fly ash has encouraged its use as a source material. Many previous investigations have involved curing the binder in a heated environment. To reduce energy consumption during the synthesis of geopolymers, the present study investigated the properties of ambient cured geopolymer mortar at early ages. An experimental program was executed to establish a relationship between the activator composition and the properties of geopolymer mortar in fresh and hardened states. Concentrations of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate were ascertained that are advantageous for constructability and mechanical behavior. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were also used to characterize the material. Test results indicate that there is potential for the concrete industry to use fly ash based geopolymer as an alternative to portland cement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1992

The ideal approach in the staged management of patients with pulmonary atresia has been a challenging problem and the result has not been always satisfactory. We reviewed our early result of initial palliative surgeries in fifteen cases of pulmonary atresia with interventricular communication Included are eight cases of simple pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and seven cases of pulmonary atresia associated with other complex cardiac anomalies. The ages of the patients were less than one year except one. The morphology of pulmonary vasculature was highly variable and showed unfavorable conditions in most cases. Pulmonary artery was nonconfluent in two. Two-thirds of all cases showed significant problems such as juxtaductal stenosis or diffuse hypoplasia. The ductus arteriosus usually narrowed at its pulmonic end. Initial palliation was done by modified Blalock-Taussig shunt in six, central shunt with or without pulmonary angioplasty in five, right ventricular outflow tract [RVOT] reconstruction in three and direct connection of nonconfluent pulmonary arteries with bilateral cav-opulmonary shunt in one patient. There were 3 hospital deaths. Two of them underwent simultaneous repair of the associated anomaly of TAPVR. Among the six patients who received modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, three needed early second palliative procedure by central shunt, RVOT patch reconstruction and pulmonary angioplasty in each case, All patients who received central shunt showed marked clinical improvement. Among the twelve patients who survived the palliative procedures, two patients underwent total correction 13 months and 18 months after initial palliation respectively. We think that the choice of palliative procedure must be individualized according to the morphology of the pulmonary arteries. More experience and long term follow-up data are necessary to meet this challenging problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 1999

For proper communication among manufactures in various countries and for consumers' convenience in purchasing garments imported from foreign countries the ISO revised the size designation system in 1969. Since 1970's various countries have revised their standard sizing system by adapting the ISO system . The purpose of this study is (1) to satisfy domestic consumer's needs by developing a sizing system based on that of ISO for Korean women in their early twenties and (2) to contribute to entering the international fashion market by manufacturing high quality apparel products The results were as follows: (1) By measuring and analyzing of 464 female between the ages for 18 and 24 the data indicated that body height could be divided into following three groups. S(Short) : 152cm (19.2%) R(Regular) : 160cm (57.8%) L(Long) : 165cm(22.6%) (2) According to the results to analyzing body type of this study the medium hip(drop 6) is 47.4% the large hip(over drop 12) is 42.7% the 2 types covers 90.3% (3) Comparing Korean women's size with foreign women's size DOB size code is 17 JIS size code is 9AR, FNOR size codes are 36n. 38n. and Italian size cods are 40, 42

• CELLMED
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.18.1-18.4
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• 2015

Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological disorder in women of reproductive age. The prevalence of menstrual pain is relatively high and has been shown to be related to many factors like age, age at menarche, menstrual cycle regularity, parity, cigarette smoking, and dietary habits etc. This study was conducted to determine the possible link between dysmenorrhea and the factors related to it. We investigated the associated risk factors that could influence menstrual pain. This Cross Sectional Study was conducted at Dept. of OBG, NIUM, Bangalore. The study consisted of 230 women between the ages of 20 - 49 years. Included volunteers were newly married, nulliparious and parous women. The detailed reproductive history was recorded and was analyzed statistically. It was observed that there were only two factors that were influencing Dysmenorrhea namely the early age at menarche and increase parity. It was hypothesis that earlier start to reproductive life in some way decreases the sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandin, whereas delayed menarche and postponing reproductive life increase sensitivity of the uterus to prostaglandins and cause severe menstrual pain. It is concluded that early age at menarche and high parity decrease menstrual pain.