• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.829-833
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• 2004

The major compositions of Lentinus edodes seasoning(LES) compose of 30.3% of Lentinus edodes fruit body, 18.1 % of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) powder and 51.6% of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica), prawn and green tea powder and so on were investigated in order to evaluate the nutritional value. Sodium concentration in LES was high up to 5,042.99 mg/IOO g and K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were followed. There were nineteen total amino acids in LES. The glutamic acid content was high up to 4.62 mg/100 mg and glycine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid were followed. Among twenty free amino acids, glycine content was high up to 2.37 mg/100 mg and glutamic acid, asparanine, proline, taurin and aspartic acid were followed. The contents of vitamin C in LES was high up to 224.78 mg/100 g and pantothenic acid, vitamin B$_{6}$, niacin, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B$_{l}$ vitamin B$_{2}$, vitamin D$_{3}$, vitamin A, vitamin B$_{12}$ and vitamin $K_{l}$ were followed.wed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.157-175
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• 2012

It is difficult to evaluate the performance of process innovation of e-procurement which has large scale and complex processes. The existing evaluation methods for measuring the effects of process innovation have been mainly done with statistically quantitative methods by analyzing operational data or with qualitative methods by conducting surveys and interviews. However, these methods have some limitations to evaluate the effects because the performance evaluation of e-procurement process innovation should consider the interactions among participants who are active either directly or indirectly through the processes. This study considers the e-procurement process as a complex system and develops a simulation model based on MAS(Multi-Agent System) to evaluate the effects of e-procurement process innovation. Multi-agent based simulation allows observing interaction patterns of objects in virtual world through relationship among objects and their behavioral mechanism. Agent-based simulation is suitable especially for complex business problems. In this study, we used Netlogo Version 4.1.3 as a MAS simulation tool which was developed in Northwestern University. To do this, we developed a interaction model of agents in MAS environment. We defined process agents and task agents, and assigned their behavioral characteristics. The developed simulation model was applied to G2B system (KONEPS: Korea ON-line E-Procurement System) of Public Procurement Service (PPS) in Korea and used to evaluate the innovation effects of the G2B system. KONEPS is a successfully established e-procurement system started in the year 2002. KONEPS is a representative e-Procurement system which integrates characteristics of e-commerce into government for business procurement activities. KONEPS deserves the international recognition considering the annual transaction volume of 56 billion dollars, daily exchanges of electronic documents, users consisted of 121,000 suppliers and 37,000 public organizations, and the 4.5 billion dollars of cost saving. For the simulation, we analyzed the e-procurement of process of KONEPS into eight sub processes such as 'process 1: search products and acquisition of proposal', 'process 2 : review the methods of contracts and item features', 'process 3 : a notice of bid', 'process 4 : registration and confirmation of qualification', 'process 5 : bidding', 'process 6 : a screening test', 'process 7 : contracts', and 'process 8 : invoice and payment'. For the parameter settings of the agents behavior, we collected some data from the transactional database of PPS and some information by conducting a survey. The used data for the simulation are 'participants (government organizations, local government organizations and public institutions)', 'the number of bidding per year', 'the number of total contracts', 'the number of shopping mall transactions', 'the rate of contracts between bidding and shopping mall', 'the successful bidding ratio', and the estimated time for each process. The comparison was done for the difference of time consumption between 'before the innovation (As-was)' and 'after the innovation (As-is).' The results showed that there were productivity improvements in every eight sub processes. The decrease ratio of 'average number of task processing' was 92.7% and the decrease ratio of 'average time of task processing' was 95.4% in entire processes when we use G2B system comparing to the conventional method. Also, this study found that the process innovation effect will be enhanced if the task process related to the 'contract' can be improved. This study shows the usability and possibility of using MAS in process innovation evaluation and its modeling.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2018

For $r{\geq}2$, let ${\mathcal{H}}$ be an r-uniform hypergraph with n vertices and m hyperedges. Let R be a random vertex set obtained by choosing each vertex of ${\mathcal{H}}$ independently with probability p. Let ${\mathcal{H}}[R]$ be the subhypergraph of ${\mathcal{H}}$ induced on R. We obtain an upper bound on the matching number ${\nu}({\mathcal{H}}[R])$ and a lower bound on the independence number ${\alpha}({\mathcal{H}}[R])$ of ${\mathcal{H}}[R]$. First, we show that if $mp^r{\geq}{\log}\;n$, then ${\nu}(H[R]){\leq}2e^{\ell}mp^r$ with probability at least $1-1/n^{\ell}$ for each positive integer ${\ell}$. It is best possible up to a constant factor depending only on ${\ell}$ if $m{\leq}n/r$. Next, we show that if $mp^r{\geq}{\log}\;n$, then ${\alpha}({\mathcal{H}}[R]){\geq}np-{\sqrt{3{\ell}np\;{\log}\;n}-2re^{\ell}mp^r$ with probability at least $1-3/n^{\ell}$.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that improves a tone quality of a noisy audio signal in order to enhance a Performance of perceptual filter using noise energy control. Most of the algorithms which were proposed by the other researchers usually applied a filter using the noise energy acquired from a silent range. In this case. the improvement rate of tone quality decreases if the noise energy is changed by the magnitude or environment variation in a signal frame. But the Proposed method Provides the means to find a food estimated noise through energy control of the estimated noise which is obtained from a silent range. Also we can get the enhancement of tone qualify in low frequency band unlike other methods. To show the performance of the Proposed algorithm, various input signals which had a different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) such as 5dB, l0dB, 15dB and 20dB were used to test the proposed algorithm. With the proposed algorithm, we could confirm the enhancement of tone quality in terms of segmental SNR (SSNR). noise-to-mask ration (NMR) and mean opinion score (MOS) test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.975-976
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• 1993

This talk presents the overview of the author's research and development activities on fuzzy inference hardware. We involved it with two distinct approaches. The first approach is to use application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) technology. The fuzzy inference method is directly implemented in silicon. The second approach, which is in its preliminary stage, is to use more conventional microprocessor architecture. Here, we use a quantitative technique used by designer of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) to modify an architecture of a microprocessor. In the ASIC approach, we implemented the most widely used fuzzy inference mechanism directly on silicon. The mechanism is beaded on a max-min compositional rule of inference, and Mandami's method of fuzzy implication. The two VLSI fuzzy inference chips are designed, fabricated, and fully tested. Both used a full-custom CMOS technology. The second and more claborate chip was designed at the University of North Carolina(U C) in cooperation with MCNC. Both VLSI chips had muliple datapaths for rule digital fuzzy inference chips had multiple datapaths for rule evaluation, and they executed multiple fuzzy if-then rules in parallel. The AT & T chip is the first digital fuzzy inference chip in the world. It ran with a 20 MHz clock cycle and achieved an approximately 80.000 Fuzzy Logical inferences Per Second (FLIPS). It stored and executed 16 fuzzy if-then rules. Since it was designed as a proof of concept prototype chip, it had minimal amount of peripheral logic for system integration. UNC/MCNC chip consists of 688,131 transistors of which 476,160 are used for RAM memory. It ran with a 10 MHz clock cycle. The chip has a 3-staged pipeline and initiates a computation of new inference every 64 cycle. This chip achieved an approximately 160,000 FLIPS. The new architecture have the following important improvements from the AT & T chip: Programmable rule set memory (RAM). On-chip fuzzification operation by a table lookup method. On-chip defuzzification operation by a centroid method. Reconfigurable architecture for processing two rule formats. RAM/datapath redundancy for higher yield It can store and execute 51 if-then rule of the following format: IF A and B and C and D Then Do E, and Then Do F. With this format, the chip takes four inputs and produces two outputs. By software reconfiguration, it can store and execute 102 if-then rules of the following simpler format using the same datapath: IF A and B Then Do E. With this format the chip takes two inputs and produces one outputs. We have built two VME-bus board systems based on this chip for Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The board is now installed in a robot at ORNL. Researchers uses this board for experiment in autonomous robot navigation. The Fuzzy Logic system board places the Fuzzy chip into a VMEbus environment. High level C language functions hide the operational details of the board from the applications programme . The programmer treats rule memories and fuzzification function memories as local structures passed as parameters to the C functions. ASIC fuzzy inference hardware is extremely fast, but they are limited in generality. Many aspects of the design are limited or fixed. We have proposed to designing a are limited or fixed. We have proposed to designing a fuzzy information processor as an application specific processor using a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach was developed by RISC designers. In effect, we are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of a specialized RISC processor for fuzzy information processing. As the first step, we measured the possible speed-up of a fuzzy inference program based on if-then rules by an introduction of specialized instructions, i.e., min and max instructions. The minimum and maximum operations are heavily used in fuzzy logic applications as fuzzy intersection and union. We performed measurements using a MIPS R3000 as a base micropro essor. The initial result is encouraging. We can achieve as high as a 2.5 increase in inference speed if the R3000 had min and max instructions. Also, they are useful for speeding up other fuzzy operations such as bounded product and bounded sum. The embedded processor's main task is to control some device or process. It usually runs a single or a embedded processer to create an embedded processor for fuzzy control is very effective. Table I shows the measured speed of the inference by a MIPS R3000 microprocessor, a fictitious MIPS R3000 microprocessor with min and max instructions, and a UNC/MCNC ASIC fuzzy inference chip. The software that used on microprocessors is a simulator of the ASIC chip. The first row is the computation time in seconds of 6000 inferences using 51 rules where each fuzzy set is represented by an array of 64 elements. The second row is the time required to perform a single inference. The last row is the fuzzy logical inferences per second (FLIPS) measured for ach device. There is a large gap in run time between the ASIC and software approaches even if we resort to a specialized fuzzy microprocessor. As for design time and cost, these two approaches represent two extremes. An ASIC approach is extremely expensive. It is, therefore, an important research topic to design a specialized computing architecture for fuzzy applications that falls between these two extremes both in run time and design time/cost. TABLEI INFERENCE TIME BY 51 RULES {{{{Time }}{{MIPS R3000 }}{{ASIC }}{{Regular }}{{With min/mix }}{{6000 inference 1 inference FLIPS }}{{125s 20.8ms 48 }}{{49s 8.2ms 122 }}{{0.0038s 6.4㎲ 156,250 }} }}

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1455_1456
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• 2009

$SF_6$ is the most commonly used insulating gas in electrical systems. But In these days $SF_6$ mixtures and alternative gas has been studied because of global warming. so although many studies have been carried out about binary gas mixtures with $SF_6$, few studies were presented about breakdown characteristics of $SF_6/CF_4$ mixtures. At present study the breakdown characteristics of $SF_6/CF_4$ mixtures in quasi-uniform field was performed. This experiments were carried out under AC voltages. The rod-rod electrode was used with 5 mm gap distance. The mixture of $SF_6/CF_4$ containing 20%,50%,70% of $SF_6$ were compared with pure $SF_6$ and $CF_4$ gas and gas pressure ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. The show that the breakdown voltages of gas were linearly increased according to the pressure in quasi-uniform field. For breakdown vlotage values of $(E/P)_{crit}$ are important. Because If values of (E/P) is a little more than $(E/P)_{crit}$, electrons rapidly increase and streamer discharge gernerates. Through this experiments values of $(E/P)_{crit}$ are found to vary with the ratio of $SF_6/CF_4$ mixture according to the following relationship. $V_b=(E/P)_{crit}{\cdot}p{\cdot}d$

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.2_3_4
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• pp.127-140
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• 2002

This paper presents some of the results of a project whose aim has been to produce a full simulation model which would determine the efficacy of pesticides for use by both farmers and the bio-chemical industry. The work presented here describes how crop architecture can be mathematically modelled and how the mechanics of pesticide droplet capture can be simulated so that if a wind assisted droplet-trajectory model is assumed then droplet deposition patterns on crop surfaces can be predicted. This achievement, when combined with biological response models, will then enable the efficacy of pesticide use to be predicted.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.578-584
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• 2006

This research analyzed the contents of ascorbic acid according to cultivating season, regions and cooking method. The ascorbic acid content was steadily increased from 40.08 mg per 100 g on the 5th days after blooming to 90 mg on the 30th day, an increase of 2.25-fold. The ascorbic acid content of the peppers was highest for (C) region at 100.9 mg per 100 g, followed by (B) region at 90 mg and (A), region at 23.35 mg. it increased by ascending downward from the stem. If examining species' and regional ascorbic acid change of marketing peppers, it was contained in flesh most and placenta, seed in order in four species. The ascorbic acid content of the peppers was affected by the cooking method and decreased greatly in the order of blank>microwave>$saut{\acute{e}}ing$> boiling> steaming.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.1342-1350
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• 1999

A new design procedure for micro cellular coverage prediction is presented here on this paper, which contains a new propagation analysis algorithm based on processing of vector data representing roads and buildings which mainly affect the propagation phenomena in micro-cell environments. The propagation analysis algorithm presented here has been developed to aim at the practical application for micro-cellular systems such as PCS or CE-2. As all the vectors used here are of closed poly lines, i.e., polygons, a simplified ray path search technique can be developed not only to determine if the calculation points are on the road polygons and but also to calculate the amount of blockage by buildings. The result shows a capability of predicting path loss with an RMS error of 5dB or lower.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.396-405
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• 2019

The speech privacy of closed office rooms located in a university campus was measured and assessed in terms of SPC (Speech Privacy Class) values. The measurements of two quantities, the LD (Level Difference) between a source and a receiving room, and the background noise level ($L_b$) at the receiving room were carried out in 5 rooms located in 3 different buildings in the university campus. Each of the 5 rooms was adjacent to both offices and corridors through walls. The TL (Transmission Loss) between the source and the receiver room was also measured to compare the difference of two standard methods, ASTM E2836-10 and KS F 2809. The present results show that the speech privacy of the 5 office rooms is not met the requirement for a minimum SPC values of 70. A minimum LD value of 41 dB between the source and the receiver room should be achieved for having a SPC value of 70 when the mean measured value of $L_b$ at the receiving room is 29.2 dB. That is, the TL(avg) value averaged over the octave bands from 160 Hz to 5000 Hz between the source and the receiver room should be or greater than 40 dB. The most important architectural factor influencing the LD value is the presence of openings, such as doors, and windows, on the adjacent walls between the source and receiving room. Therefore, if the opening of the adjacent wall is replaced by an opening with high sound insulation, the appropriate SPC value of the research and office rooms can be achieved.