• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-158
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• 1980

A geologic structure could be formed through various processes, because there are a number of factors which control the deformation of the Earth's crust. In geology, we could call it geological epistemology to describe exactly a geologic structure, and call it geological logics to infer logically the deforming process through which the geologic structure had been formed. Degree of legitimacy of geological logics depends upon the degree of exactness of geological epistemology. This study described quantitatively 3-dimensional Hambaek Syncline through computer analysis, and examined qualitatively into its deforming mechanism based on the results of 3-dimensional analysis of the structure. Input data for the computer analysis are dips and dip directions of bedding planes of the structure. The Hambaek Syncline disclose a minor fold group of NE-SW or NNE-SSW trend and a large scale fold of E-W trend. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The fold of E-W trend is primary fold $(F_1)$ and the minor fold group of NE-SW or NNE-SSW trend secondary fold $(F_2)$. (2) Hambaek Syncline is cylindrical type fold. (3) Apparent axial trace of Hambaek syncline does not coincide with true axial trace. The apparent axial trace is $N70^{\circ}-80^{\circ}W$ in Gohan and Sabuk area, and changes to $N70^{\circ}-80^{\circ}E$ in the westward of the area, while the true axial trace is $N40^{\circ}-70^{\circ}W$ in the former, and $N60^{\circ}-80^{\circ}E$ in the latter area. (4) Westward dipping of axial plane of the minor fold group of NE-SW or NNE-SSW trend can be attributed to simple shear movements along overthrusts. (5) Angle between axial trace and the directional trace of the maximum principal compressive stress $({\sigma}_1)$ may not be perpendicular each other. The angle between them is governed by the following factors; 1) the plunge of fold axis 2) the dip of axial surface 3) cylindrisity (6) The mean axial trace of Hambaek Syncline $(F_1)$ is $N45.6^{\circ}W$, and the directional trace of ${\sigma}_1$ is $N52.4^{\circ}E$ (7) The mean axial trace of the minor fold group of NE-SW or NNE-SSW trend $(F_2)$ is $N21^{\circ}E$, and the directional trace of ${\sigma}_1$ is $N22^{\circ}W$.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.1679-1686
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• 2007

In this paper, we introduce the sharable and reusable learning objects which are suitable for XML Web services in e-learning systems. These objects are extracted from the principles of pedagogical paradigms for reusable learning units. We call them LIO (Learning Item Object) objects. Existing models, such as Web-hosted and ASP-oriented service model, are difficult to cooperate and integrate among the different kinds of e-learning systems. So we developed the LIO objects that are suitable for XML Web services. The reusable units that are extracted from pedagogical paradigms are tutorial item, resource, case example, simulation, problems, test, discovery and discussion. And these units correspond to the LIO objects in our learning object model. As a result, the proposed model is that learner and instruction designer should increase the power of understanding about learning contents that are based on pedagogical paradigms. By using XML Web services, this guarantees the integration and interoperation of the different kinds of e-learning systems in distributed environments and so educational organizations can expect the cost reduction in constructing e-learning systems.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.939-945
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• 2011

We show a new scheme and implementation of maritime data communication systems for GMDSS ship which performs e-Navigation and removes the functional limitation of those systems through comparing to service fee, call processing reliability, and bit rates of all of those systems within communication range at sea. We confirmed available each frequency band communication and application services at sea by experimental result with proposed new system, MF/HF band being useful to a short text message service, VHF band to 9600bps email service, Fleet Broadband Maritime Satellite system to one or more Mbps multimedia service each.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.125-131
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• 2015

In order to vitalize the Rich Communication Service-e(RCS-e) service, RCS-e users need various ways to use RCS including RCS-e apps. A RCS standards organization has suggested Application Program Interface(API). Since it only dealt with functional requirements, it was not enough to implement the API. This paper suggests an open API framework that can utilize RCS-e through a web interface. By using the framework, web developers can implement various RCS-e-enabled web applications. A system architecture is defined for the framework. Call flows for establishing a RCS-e session between the framework and other nodes are defined. Also, rules and examples for translating protocols between them are provided. Finally, performance evaluation proves that the proposed framework does not add loads to the existing network infrastructure.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Traffic performance in a microcellular system is much more affected by cell dwell time and channel holding time in each cell. Cell dwell time of a call is characterized by its mobility pattern, i.e., stochastic changes of moving speed and direction. Cell dwell time provides important information for other analyses on traffic performance such as channel holding time, handover rate, and the average number of handovers per call. In the next generation mobile communication system, the cell size is expected to be much smaller than that of current one to accommodate the increase of user demand and to achieve high bandwidth utilization. As the cell size gets small, traffic performance is much more affected by variable mobility of users, especially by that of pedestrians. In previous work, analytical models are based on simple probability models. They provide sufficient accuracy in a simple second-generation cellular system. However, the role of them is becoming invalid in a picocellular environment where there are rapid change of network traffic conditions and highly random mobility of pedestrians. Unlike in previous work, we propose an improved probability model evolved from so-called Random walk model in order to mathematically formulate variable mobility of pedestrians and analyze the traffic performance. With our model, we can figure out variable characteristics of pedestrian mobility with stochastic correlation. The above-mentioned traffic performance measures are analyzed using our model.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The SQL CLl (Call Level Interface) is a database application programming interface (API) that fits the client-server environment, and its de facto standards such as ODBC and JDBC are widely employed in various applications. The current SQL CLl standards, however, do not specify enough features for efficient retrieval of large objects (LOBs) that constitute the multimedia data. In this paper, we propose the LOB caching through the SQL CLl and describe the extension of the SQL eLl to achieve such a goal. We implement our proposal by extending the SQL CLl library for BADA - II DBMS developed at ETRI, and evaluate the performance of LOB retrieval through the cache compared to that of LOB retrieval conducted solely with the functions specified in the current SQL CLl standards.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.803-806
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• 2003

CTI(Computer and Telephony Integration) 기술이 1970년대 처음 선 보인 이래, 정보통신 기술의 눈부신 발전과 함께 그 인기가 날로 높아져 가고 있다. 정보기술(Information Technology)의 발전으로 향상된 컴퓨터의 기능을 활용한 다양한 서비스가 출현하면서 고객과 기업간의 상호 접촉이 증가되고 있다. 과거의 CTI기술은 Inbound 위주의 Voice and Call Communication 만을 위한 소극적인 개념이었으나, 현재의 대 다수의 기업들은 좀더 발전된 CTI 기술을 활용하고 있다. 최근 들어 기업간의 경쟁이 치열해지고 고객에 대한 우위를 높이기 위해 새로운 돌파구가 필요했다. 이에 대한 경영 솔루션으로, 인터넷 환경을 통합한 CITI(Computer and Internet Telephony Integration)와 eCRM 개념을 활용한 시스템의 사용으로 질 높은 서비스와 매출증대, 경비절감 등과 같은 경쟁력을 개선시킬 수 있었다. 본 논문은 CTI 기술과 CRM 개념을 활용한 시스템을 설계 구현하였다 이는, 전화의 호 전송, 호수신, 호 전달 등의 기능과 CTI 와 사설교환기(PBX)의 링크를 통합한 시스템이다. 제안된 시스템은 콜센터(Call Center)나 기타 고객의 접촉이 집중된 기업에 응용 되도록 설계되었다.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.12-32
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• 2013

The paper introduces the research area of interactive information retrieval (IIR) from a historical point of view. Further, the focus here is on evaluation, because much research in IR deals with IR evaluation methodology due to the core research interest in IR performance, system interaction and satisfaction with retrieved information. In order to position IIR evaluation, the Cranfield model and the series of tests that led to the Cranfield model are outlined. Three iconic user-oriented studies and projects that all have contributed to how IIR is perceived and understood today are presented: The MEDLARS test, the Book House fiction retrieval system, and the OKAPI project. On this basis the call for alternative IIR evaluation approaches motivated by the three revolutions (the cognitive, the relevance, and the interactive revolutions) put forward by Robertson & Hancock-Beaulieu (1992) is presented. As a response to this call the 'IIR evaluation model' by Borlund (e.g., 2003a) is introduced. The objective of the IIR evaluation model is to facilitate IIR evaluation as close as possible to actual information searching and IR processes, though still in a relatively controlled evaluation environment, in which the test instrument of a simulated work task situation plays a central part.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 2004

In the near future packet networks should support applications which can not predict their traffic requirements in advance, but still have tight quality of service requirements, e.g., guaranteed bandwidth, jitter, and packet loss. These dynamic characteristics mean that the sources can be made to modify their data transfer rates according to network conditions. Depending on the customer&; needs, network operator can differentiate incoming connections and handle those in the buffers and the interfaces in different ways. In this paper, dynamic QoS-aware scheduling algorithm is presented and investigated in the single node case. The purpose of the algorithm is in addition to fair resource sharing to different types of traffic classes with different priorities ?to maximize revenue of the service provider. It is derived from the linear type of revenue target function, and closed form globally optimal formula is presented. The method is computationally inexpensive, while still producing maximal revenue. Due to the simplicity of the algorithm, it can operate in the highly nonstationary environments. In addition, it is nonparametric and deterministic in the sense that it uses only the information about the number of users and their traffic classes, not about call density functions or duration distributions. Also, Call Admission Control (CAC) mechanism is used by hypothesis testing.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.2974-2992
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• 2021

Crowd-based outsourcing is an emerging trend in testing, which integrates advantages of crowd-based outsourcing in software testing. Open call format is used to accomplish various network tasks involving different types of testing levels and techniques at various places by software testers. Crowd-sourced software testing can lead to an improper testing process as if it does not allocate the right task to the right crowd with required skills and not choose the right crowd; it can lead to huge results, which become time-consuming and challenging crowd-source manager for the identification of improper one. The primary purpose of this research is to make crowd-based outsourced software testing more effective and reliable by relating association between the software tester, personality characteristic, and different levels of software testing, i.e., unit, integration, and system, in order to find appropriate personality characteristic for required testing level. This research has shown an observed experiment to determine which software testing level suits which personality characteristic tester in a crowd-based software testing environment. A total of 1000 software testers from different software houses and firms in Pakistan were registered to perform tasks at different software testing levels. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test is used to identify each tester's personality characteristic involved in this research study.