• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2011

In this paper, the behavior of nuclear-power plant subjected to an aircraft impact is performed using the parallel analysis. In the erstwhile study of an aircraft impact to the nuclear-power plant, it has been used that the impact load is applied at the local area by using the impact load-time history function of Riera, and the target structures have been restricted to the simple RC(Reinforced Concrete) walls or RC buildings. However, in this paper, the analysis of an aircraft impact is performed by using a real aircraft model similar to the Boeing 767 and a fictitious nuclear-power plant similar to the real structure, and an aircraft model is verified by comparing the generated history of the aircraft crash against the rigid target with another history by using the Riera's function which is allowable in the impact evaluation guide, NEI07-13(2009). Also, in general, it is required too much time for the hypervelocity impact analysis due to the contact problems between two or more adjacent physical bodies and the high nonlinearity causing dynamic large deformation, so there is a limitation with a single CPU alone to deal with these problems effectively. Therefore, in this paper, Message-Passing MIMD type of parallel analysis is performed by using self-constructed Linux-Cluster system to improve the computational efficiency, and in order to evaluate the parallel performance, the four cases of analysis, i.e. plain concrete, reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete with bonded containment liner plate, steel-plate concrete structure, are performed and discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

Objectives : Few studies have examined the relation between the attachment styles of the primary caregivers and the behavioral problems of their children. This study was performed to identify the impact of the insecure parental attachment patterns on the development of their higher grades elementary school children's psychiatric manifestations and disorders. Methods : 504 higher elementary pupils and their primary caretakers were included in our study. Relationship Questionnaire, Kovacs Children's Depression Inventory, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for children, and Korean Child Behavior Checklist were applied to them. Results : The grade-school children of the parents who belonged to preoccupied attachment type revealed higher Withdrawn, Anxious/depressed, Social Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Problems, Aggressive Problems, Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Total Behavioral Problems scores than ones of securely attached parents (p<0.01). Internalizing Problems score of preoccupied parents' children was highest, and one of avoidant and secure typed parents' kids followed in order (p=0.004) . More youngsters revealed Total Behavior Problem score high enough to clinically meaningful level in insecure parental attachment style than in secure one (p=0.038). Higher CDI score in insecure parental group was reported than in secure one (p=0.040). Conclusion : Parental insecure attachment can be associated with the development of the behavioral problems and psychiatric illness of their children.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.359-367
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• 2014

Drought index can be used to implement an early warning system for drought and to operate a drought monitoring service. In this study, an approach was examined to determine agricultural drought index (ADI) at high spatial resolution, e.g., 270 m. The value of ADI was calculated based on soil water balance between supply and demand of water. Water supply is calculated by the cumulative effective precipitation with the application of the weight to the precipitation from two months ago. Water demand is derived from the actual evapotranspiration, which was calculated applying a crop coefficient to the reference evapotranspiration. The amount of surface runoff on a given soil type was also used to calculate soil residual moisture. Presence of drought was determined based on the probability distribution in the given area. In order to assess the reliability of this index, the amount of residual moisture, which represents severity of drought, was compared with measurements of soil moisture at three experimental between July 2012 and December 2013. As a result, the ADI had greater correlation with measured soil moisture compared with the standardized precipitation index, which suggested that the ADI would be useful for drought warning services.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-21
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• 1979

This investigation was to analyse normal protrusive and lateral condylar pantographic records written on the sagittal plane and to study components of Fisher's angle and their interrelations. The purpose of this study was limited to (1) discussing the significance of sagittal pantographic record in diagnosis of occlusal disease and(2) basing for reasoning validity of measuring Fisher's angle which has been reported so far. As a result followings were concluded. 1. In each protrusive and lateral condylar movement path, five complicate factors such as initial straightness, distributed simple sigmoid type, simple curvature, initial tiny protruding convexity and tiny repeated sigmoid patterns were noted. Generally each condylar movement path was composed of two to three of these factors. 2. The distribution of positional interrelations of protrusive and lateral condylar paths could be divided into five categories; (a) protrusive-upper, (b) completely coinciding, (c) partially initial coinciding, (d) partially inverted crossing, and (e) completely inverting. Among these, protrusive path-upper positioned condyles were prevailed (79.2%). 3. The distribution of interrelations of protrusive and lateral condylar paths could be devided into five categories according to their distances in the course of movement. Among these, opening (95.8%) and paralleling (66.7%) were prevailing. 4. The involved number of characteristic heterogenous patterns of five categories in protrusive and lateral condylar movement recording relations at one simultaneous recordings was limited to three. However, in case of homogeneous patterns were repeated, usually three to four were included. 5. The maximum distance between protrusive and lateral condylar paths was 1.45mm at the location of 4mm advanced position from centric relation point and 3.90mm at the location of protrusive movement terminal. 6. It seemed to be that ,pantographic records should be consulted other clinical symptoms in order to make certain occlusion diagnosis. 7. At the present moment of investigation, expressing Fisher's angle as a degree revealed a lack due to inherent complexity of protrusive and lateral condylar movement paths. 8. The typical pattern of protrusive and lateral condylar paths written on a pantographic sagittal plate might be described as follows; (a) protrusive condylar path should be positioned upwardly, (b) both mainly be simple curvature, (c) interrelations mainly be opening or paralleling. 9. The mean amounts of separation between protrusive and lateral condylar movement path were $0.75{\pm}0.46$ at 4mm advanced location from centric relation and $1.74{\pm}0.64mm$ at the location of protrusive path terminal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

As the temperature data show a distribution pattern with a number of peaks, assumption of normal distribution will result in a serious bias in the analysis. In this study, the Gaussian Mixture Distribution (GMD), a type of bimodal distribution, is presumed as a frequency distribution for the water temperature, in order to estimate the optimal parameter and to carry out the relation analysis between the optimal parameter and the basic statistical information such as mean and variance on the data. By the way, an estimation formulae to compute the frequency distribution of the data is developed by computing the parameters of GMD (i.e. ${\alpha}_1$, ${\mu}_1$, ${\sigma}_1$, ${\alpha}_2$, ${\mu}_2$, ${\sigma}_2$) by means of the major characteristic values, such as mean, standard deviation and skewness of the data. The formulae shows an excellent coincidence with the result from the observation data, in the RMS limit accuracy of 5%.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.586-599
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• 2014

During the last two decades, indoor air quality and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been of concern in Korean society due to their nature of potential health impacts. In order to investigate the pollution levels of VOCss in indoor environments, establishment of a solid test method for monitoring the airborne VOCss is essential. In Korea, a method based on adsorbent sampling and GC analysis coupled with thermal desorption was proclaimed as the Korea Standard Method for Indoor Air Quality Test. This study was carried out to examine some inherent problems of the VOCs measurement method. The VOCs method does not describe in detail preparing the standard samples. The standard samples may be prepared by impregnation of either liquid standard solutions or a mixture of standard gases. In this study, we investigated the optimal temperature condition for transferring the liquid standards onto a standard adsorbent tube. As a result, keeping the impregnation temperature at $250^{\circ}C$ will be recommended in regard of the boiling points of multiple target analytes and the thermal stability of the adsorbent. We also demonstrated some problems associated with handling of a syringe used for transferring the standard solutions onto the adsorbent tubes, and a best way to get rid of the syringe problems was suggested. Finally, a number of field works were conducted to evaluate the performance of adsorbent sampling methods. Comparison of different adsorbent tubes, i.e. tube packed with single sorbent (Tenax) and double sorbents (Tenax with Carbotrap), revealed that 30 to 40% differences between the two groups, implying that sampling efficiency is depending on the volatility and the strength of adsorbents. However, duplicate precisions for VOCs sampling with a same type of adsorbent and at same flow rates appeared to be satisfactory to be all within 20%, which is a quality control guideline. Distributed volume precisions were also found to be within a guideline value, 25%, although the precision was in general inferior to the duplicate precision. The Korea indoor VOCs test method should be more refined and improved in many aspects, particularly procedure and instrumentation for preparing the standard samples and specification of quality control assessment.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.112-120
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• 2006

Although waste management in construction industry has a significant impact on both economical and environmental issues, the current level of waste management performance in Korean construction is reported as relatively low. To improve any type of management performance, it is necessary to diagnose the current status of the performance level. In this context, this research is aimed to identify important factors in influencing the waste management performance and to develop an evaluation tool for the purpose of assessing the level of the performance for a particular construction site. In this paper, 59 influential factors have been identified and categorized into five classes, i.e., manpower, material, method, management, and policy, in terms of the characteristics of the factors. In addition, an evaluation tool has been developed in order to effectively quantify all the 59 factors based on a thorough industry survey. The output of the Tool, which is Waste Management Index, effectively assess the level of waste management performance for a particular project and provide with the most leveraged factors in need for improvement in waste management performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.264-269
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the current distribution area of Robinia pseudoacacia habitat and to estimate its stand yield as well as its carbon stocks. In order to do so, the area of R. pseudoacacia distribution is obtained based on the large-scaled forest type map (1:5,000). Also, Weibull diameter distribution model is used to predict the yield of R. pseudoacacia stands. In addition, carbon emission factor is applied to calculate carbon stocks and removals. To obtain the stand yield of R. pseudoacacia, we developed estimation equation considering growth factors of the stand, e.g. mean diameter, the basal area, maximum and minimun diameter and etc. and tested it to ensure accuracy. Consequently, estimation equation derived from all growth factors have shown significance that could also be used for analysis. Site index was also established to determine the productivity of the forestland that later turned out to be ranging from 16 to 22. Based on these results, stand yield tables were drawn up. R. pseudoacacia is widely distributed in inland areas of Gyeongsang, Chungcheong and Gyeonggi provinces which covers total area of 26,770 ha. And when it is converted into carbon stocks, it amounts to 2,517,598tC with annual carbon uptake of 3.76tC/ha which is comparable to Querqus species that is known to storer large amounts of carbon. Therefore, R. pseudoacacia is also expected to serve as a viable carbon pool that would contribute to the mitigation of climate change. Furthermore, stand yield tables, an outcome of this survey would assist not only in proper management but also in sustainable management policy of R. pseudoacacia.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2006

The human ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) was expressed in E. coli using the pET-I5b vector and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced and characterized. A total of five hybridoma cell lines were established and the antibodies recognized a single band of molecular weight of 33 kDa on immunoblot with purified rpS3. When the purified rpS3 was incubated with the mAbs, the UV endonuclease activity of rpS3 was inhibited up to a maximum of 49%. The binding affinity of mAbs to rpS3 determined by using a biosensor technology showed that they have similar binding affinities. Using the anti-rpS3 antibodies as probes, we investigated the cross-reactivities of various other mammalian brain tissues and cell lines, including human. The immunoreactive bands on Western blots appeared to be the same molecular mass of 33 kDa in all animal species tested. They also appear to be extensively cross-reactive among different organs in rat. These results demonstrated that only one type of immunologically similar rpS3 protein is present in all of the mammalian brain tissues including human. Furthermore, these antibodies were successfully applied in immunohistochemistry in order to detect rpS3 in the gerbil brain tissues. Among the various regions in the brain tissues, the rpS3 positive neurons were predominantly observed in the ependymal cells, hippocampus and substantia nigra pars compacta. The different distributions of rpS3 in brain tissues reply that rpS3 protein may play an important second function in the neuronal cells.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.spc3
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• pp.349-358
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• 2011

In order to ascertain latitudinal variation of lipid contents and compositions in copepods, we collected warm water copepod species (Euchaeta sp. and Pleuromamma spp.) from four different regions from low (sub-tropical) to mid (temperate) latitudes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Total lipid contents of Pleuromamma spp. were about 11 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$ with little latitudinal variation, whereas Euchaeta sp. showed slightly higher lipid content (20 $ug{\cdot}ind^{-1}$) than Pleuromamma spp. with latitudinal gradient (low at subtropic and high at temperate). Wax esters, known as the major storage lipid classes, were found to be the dominant lipid classes (accounting for more than 35% of total lipids) in Euchaeta sp., whereas in Pleuromamma spp., phospholipids, known as cellular membrane components, were the dominant lipid classes. However, the exception was specimens from warm pool region exhibiting dominance in storage of lipids as a form of triacylglycerols. Among fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA : 22:6(n-3)) (about 35% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Euchaeta sp., while saturated fatty acids (SAFA), specially hexadecanoic acid (16:0) (about 30% of total fatty acids), were most abundant in Pleuromamma spp.. Among the neutral fraction of lipids, phytol, originated from the side chain of chlorophyll, was found in all samples which generally indicate active copepods feeding on algae. While only trace amounts of short-chain fatty alcohols were found in Pleuromamma spp., significant amounts of fatty alcohols were found in Euchaeta sp.. Particularly, significant amounts of long chain monounsaturated fatty alcohols (20:1 and 22:1), generally found in cold water species, were found in Euchaeta sp. from low latitudes. The latitudinal variation of trophic lipid markers in these copepods could be significantly related with in-situ food availability and species-specific diet preference. The result of this study suggests that the lipid contents and compositions in copepods may not only indicate their nutritional condition and feeding ecology but also provide insight into species-specific living strategies under different environmental conditions (i.e. water temperature, food availability).