• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a new indexing mechanism for MPEG-7 visual descriptors, especially Dominant Color and Contour Shape descriptors, that guarantees an efficient similarity search for the multimedia database whose visual meta-data are represented with MPEG-7. Since the similarity metric used in the Dominant Color descriptor is based on Gaussian mixture model, the descriptor itself could be transform into a color histogram in which the distribution of the color values follows the Gauss distribution. Then, the transformed Dominant Color descriptor (i.e., the color histogram) is indexed in the proposed indexing mechanism. For the indexing of Contour Shape descriptor, we have used a two-pass algorithm. That is, in the first pass, since the similarity of two shapes could be roughly measured with the global parameters such as eccentricity and circularity used in Contour shape descriptor, the dissimilar image objects could be excluded with these global parameters first. Then, the similarities between the query and remaining image objects are measured with the peak parameters of Contour Shape descriptor. This two-pass approach helps to reduce the computational resources to measure the similarity of image objects using Contour Shape descriptor. This paper also proposes two integration schemes of visual descriptors for an efficient retrieval of multimedia database. The one is to use the weight of descriptor as a yardstick to determine the number of selected similar image objects with respect to that descriptor, and the other is to use the weight as the degree of importance of the descriptor in the global similarity measurement. Experimental results show that the proposed indexing and integration schemes produce a remarkable speed-up comparing to the exact similarity search, although there are some losses in the accuracy because of the approximated computation in indexing. The proposed schemes could be used to build a multimedia database represented in MPEG-7 that guarantees an efficient retrieval.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2015

Climate change caused by elevated greenhouse gases would affect crop production through different pathways in agricultural ecosystems. Because an agricultural ecosystem has complex interactions between societal and economical environment as well as organisms, climate, and soil, adaptation measures in response to climate change on a specific sector could cause undesirable impacts on other sectors inadvertently. An integrated system, which links individual models for components of agricultural ecosystems, would allow to take into account complex interactions existing in a given agricultural ecosystem under climate change and to derive proper adaptation measures in order to improve crop productivity. Most of models for agricultural ecosystems have been used in a separate sector, e.g., prediction of water resources or crop growth. Few of those models have been desiged to be connected to other models as a module of an integrated system. Threfore, it would be crucial to redesign and to refine individual models that have been used for simulation of individual sectors. To improve models for each sector in terms of accuracy and algorithm, it would also be needed to obtain crop growth data through construction of super-sites and satellite sites for long-term monitoring of agricultural ecosystems. It would be advantageous to design a model in a sector from abstraction and inheritance of a simple model, which would facilitate development of modules compatible to the integrated prediction system. Because agricultural production is influenced by social and economical sectors considerably, construction of an integreated system that simulates agricultural production as well as economical activities including trade and demand is merited for prediction of crop production under climate change.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.909-916
• /
• 2004

CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins(C/EBP) are a group of transcription factors expressed during preadipocyte differentiation. In the C/EBPs, C/EBPa plays an important role in lipid deposition and adipocyte differentiation. In this studies, we report the identification, characterization, and expression of a Hanwoo CIEBP$\alpha$ The Hanwoo C/EBP$\alpha$DNA includes a 1059 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 353 amino acids. The CIEBPa amino acid sequences of the Hanwoo show strong conservation with the corresponding sequences reported in other species. The distribution of C/EBP$\alpha$ mRNA in various tissues of Hanwoo aged 12 months were investigated using Northern blotting analysis. The highest expression was detected in adipose tissue and more lower expression was detected in colon and lung. We also identified expression of C/EBPa mRNA in Hanwoo sirloin and adipose tissue aged 12, 26, and 30 months by real-time RT-PCR. The higest expression were detected at 26 months in the sirloin and at 12 and 26 months in the adipose tissue.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2012

Ultrastructural characteristics of blacktip grouper, Epinephelus fasciatus spermatozoa were investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The spermatozoa of E. fasciatus consisted of a spherical head part, a midpiece with cytoplasmic canal entrance and a flagellum with lateral fins. Internal ultrastructurally, the nucleus contains high electron dense chromatin having granular particles and has no acrosome. The centriolar complex lies outside of the nuclear fossa and it is connected by the osmophilic filaments. Also the osmophilic filaments connect between the centriolar complex and the nuclear membrane. The midpiece contains eight to nine spherical mitochondria, cytoplasmic canal and necklaces. The flagellum has a typical 9+2 axonemal structure. The lateral fins contain vesicles and a typical 9+2 axonemal structure. Consequently this study contributes to comparative grouper spermatology and provide useful systematic taxonomic characters.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 2005

Objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of the different sources of the zero-valent irons (ZVIs) on the reduction of the toxic Cr(VI) to the nonhazardous Cr(III) in an aqueous solution. The physical and chemical properties of the six ZVIs were determined. Particle size and specific surface area of the ZVIs were in the ranges of $85.55{\sim}196.46{\mu}m\;and\;0.055{\sim}0.091m^2/g$, respectively. Most of the ZVIs contained Fe greater than 98% except for J (93%) and PU (88%). Reduction efficiencies of the ZVI for Cr(VI) reduction were varied with kinds of ZVIs. The J and PU ZVIs reduced 100% and 98% of Cr(VI) in the aqueous solution, respectively, within 3 hrs of reaction. However, PA, F, Sand J1 reduced 74, 65, 29 and 11% of Cr(VI), respectively, after 48 hrs. The pH of the reacting solution was rapidly increased from 3 to $4.34{\sim}9.04$ within 3 hrs. The oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) of the reacting solution was dropped from 600 to 319 mV within 3 hrs following addition of ZVIs to the Cr(VI) contaminated water. The capability of ZVIs for Cr(VI) reduction was the orders of PU > J > PA > F > S > J1, which coincided with the capacities to increase the pH and decrease the redox potentials. Results suggested that the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was derived from the oxidation of the ZVI in the aqueous solution.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.757-761
• /
• 2014

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important aquaculture fish species in Jeju Island, South Korea. Due to the intensification of flounder fish farming, huge amounts of chemical antibiotics are used against several fish diseases. This has many harmful side effects on fish, as well as human consumers. Hence, an alternative to chemical antibiotic agents is needed for disease control. In this study, three strains of rhizobacteria (BRH433-2, TRH415-2, and THJ609-3) were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants. Assays of their antibacterial activity against fish pathogens, such as S. iniae, S. parauberis, V. anguillarum, and E. tarda, were performed with untreated broth culture (without cell separation), supernatant, and precipitated pellets separated by centrifugation. Among these, the cell suspension prepared from the precipitated pellet showed significant antimicrobial activity when compared with that of the untreated broth culture and centrifugal supernatant. These results indicate that the three isolated rhizobacterial strains exhibit antibacterial activity. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of the BRH-433-2, THJ609-3, and TRH415-2 strains showed the highest similarity to Burkholderia gladioli (99.5%), Pseudomonas baetica (97.7%), and P. koreensis and P. baetica (98.4%), respectively. We suggest that the strains hold promise in disease management of fish.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 1999

To develop Korean-style hot sauce using red pepper powder and/or Kochujang, its physiochemical and microbiological characteristics were investigated during storage at 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ for 56 days. The capsanthin contents and the value of surface color decreased during storage, but pH and titratable acidity were not changed. The sensory quality showed a decreased tendency during storage. Among the microorganisms, viable cell count decreased, but yeast, lactic acid bacteria and E. coli were not detected during storage. From the correlationship between sensory color and capsanthin content, the shelf-lives of hot sauce were predicted to be 221.7 days at $20^{\circ}C$, and 85.3 days at $30^{\circ}C$. While they were 230.0 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and 70.0 days at $30^{\circ}C$ in case of using Kochujang, hot sauce using both materials showed shelf-lives of 204.0 days at $20^{\circ}C$, 67.3 days at $30^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.93-97
• /
• 2020

The cestode Taenia hydatigena uses canids, primarily dogs, as definitive hosts, while the metacestode larval stage cysticercus infects a range of intermediate hosts, including domestic animals such as goats, sheep, and pigs. Cysticercosis due to T. hydatigena has large veterinary and economic drawbacks. Like other taeniids, e.g., Echinococcus, intraspecific variation is found among the members of the genus Taenia. In Africa, few studies are available on the epidemiology and distribution of T. hydatigena, and even fewer studies are available on its genetic variation. In this study, we molecularly identified 11 cysticerci from sheep in Sudan and demonstrated the genetic variation based on the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial genes. The isolates were correctly identified as T. hydatigena with more than 99% similarity to those in the GenBank database. Low diversity indices and insignificant neutrality indices were observed, with 3 and 2 haplotypes for the nad1 and cox1 genes, respectively. The results suggest the presence of unique T. hydatigena haplotypes in Sudan, as haplotypes with 100% similarity were not found in the GenBank database. With few available studies on the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Africa, this report represents the first insights into the genetic variation of T. hydatigena in Sudan and constitutes useful data.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.166-172
• /
• 2006

Induced androgenesis, a form of artificial parthenogenesis is an important tool for the generation and use of genetically isogenic or clonal fish strain. An optimized protocol for the genetic inactivation of mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) oocytes (i.e. production of androgenetic haploid) was developed using UV-irradiation. Various dose levels of UV significantly affected the fertilizing capacity of the eggs, hatchability of embryos and incidence of haploidy. Based on the extensive examinations of treatment conditions on embryo viability and haploid incidence, the optimum dose level of UV irradiation was turned out to be $10,800ergs/mm^2$ with 56.9% of hatching success and 94.6% of haploidy. The overall yield of putative androgen under optimized treatment condition was more than 50% out of total eggs inseminated. The success of androgenetic reproduction of haploid genome was verified by flow cytometry and PCR amplification of transgene that is exclusive to either one of parental sexes. However, a small portion $(8\sim11%)$ of presumed androgenetic haploid larvae was proven to contain residual DNA fragment(s) from maternal parent.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 2007

In order to select ${\gamma}-Linolenic$ acid (GLA)-producing fungi, a total of forty-four strains of 4 genera such as Phytophthora, Pythium, Mucor and Rhizopus were obtained from Koran Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) and then analysed by using GC-FID and GC-MS. GLA was detected on 39 fungal strains, and the highest rate of GLA was found as 24.8% of total fatty acids on Mucor hiemalis f. sp. hiemalis KACC 40264. Total GLA content of Zygomycota was comparatively high - Mucor (14.2%) and Rhizopus (14.3%), whereas that of Oomycetes was low - Phytophthora (3.3%) and Pythium (3.0%). Moreover, total fatty acids of the Zygomycota fungi such as Mucor (15.4 mg/100 ml) and Rhizopus (7.1 mg/100 ml) were higher compared with the Oomycetes such as Phytophthora (2.6 mg/100 ml) and Pythium (4.5 mg/100 ml). Thus, two genera such as Mucor and Rhizopus have higher potential as an useful microbial resource. The total fatty acid content varies even within the strains of the same genus e.g. Mucor. M. blumbeus KACC 40935 showed the highest values on productivity (18.2%) of GLA and total fatty acid contents (50.8 mg/100 ml liquid medium).