• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 2009

Knowledge management becomes the key point for organizations to survive and maintain competitive advantages in the knowledge economy era. E-learning plays a vital role for the organizational learning. How to share the experience of knowledge and the success of the knowledge management has great connection with the organizational culture. This study focuses on the factors of effective E-learning as well as its relation to the organizational culture. A successful e-learning system should not only aim at different statistical variables but emphasize on : course contents, variety of teaching methods and establishes a stable network environment. A stable E-learning platform and speedy bandwidth is a must to achieve the non-barrier communication and built an interactive learning environment. To achieve success in E-learning, it is not necessary to divide the organizational culture to strengthen the course content multiplication and plans the E-learning supervisory work by the sole responsibility unit. It should establish an ample teaching frequency width and platform and also must establish the appropriate study network frequency width and hardware equipment to achieve the best E-learning effect. The interaction in different organizational culture in adapting E-learning, those Ad-hoc and Marketing Culture, are mostly influence by the external environment and have more interactive content. Those in Clan and Hierarchy Culture are affected by traditional conception and lack of interaction. Meanwhile, under the cost consideration, Clan and Ad-hoc Culture on the dynamic side prefer to spend more cost on E-Learning while the stable side, Hierarchy and Marketing culture are willing to pay more expenses on E-Learning.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-93
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• 2023

A cross sectional survey method was used to determine the utilization of e-resources and their influence on the reading culture of 119 undergraduate students registered with the JD Amin library of Federal University Dutse. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive (frequency counts and means) and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The research found that databases (mean=4.00) and e-journal (mean=4.00) are available to the undergraduate students. It further found that e-resources are often utilized by the undergraduate student, with social media (mean=4.00), databases (mean=4.00) and e-journal (mean=4.00). the most commonly used e-resources. It was also found that erratic power supply (mean=3.91) and inability to seek, obtain and evaluate information (mean=3.67) are the prominent factors hindering the utilization of e-resources. The regression analysis rejected the null hypotheses of the study where it shows that the level of utilization of e-resources have positive statistical correlation (r=0.772) with the reading culture of undergraduate students. The study proposed a conceptual model for the sustainable reading culture of students by libraries providing of e-resources. The general conclusion of the research is that e-resources are necessary tools and are moderately available and adequately utilized for influencing reading culture. The study recommended that Internet facilities should be made available to undergraduate students to facilitate more utilization of e-resources.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

Roridin E, produced by Podostroma cornu-damae, is a mycotoxin with anticancer activity. To increase the content of roridin E, submerged culture conditions were optimized using response surface methodology. Three factors, namely, medium initial pH, incubation time and agitation speed were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimum submerged culture conditions to increase the content of roridin E included a medium with an initial pH of 4.0, an incubation time of 12.90 days, and an agitation speed of 63.03 rpm. The roridin E content in the submerged culture, under the aforementioned conditions, was 40.26 mg/L. The findings of this study can help lower the current price of roridin E and promote its related research.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.565-570
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• 2007

With e-commerce becoming international, understanding the effects of national culture in consumer acceptance of e-commerce is required. This study examines consumer e-commerce acceptance in Korea and China. The research model consisting of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust and perceived risk was proposed, and the hypotheses based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, were established. The results show that perceived usefulness contributes less to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China than it does in Korea. In addition, perceived ease of use contributes more to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China. Trust contributes significantly to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in both countries, but perceived risk didn't influence consumer acceptance of e-commerce in either country. The contribution of this study is to provide strategic insights for successfully managing cross-cultural e-commerce.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.791-801
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• 2021

This study aims to test whether and to what extend national culture affects the readiness of business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce across the world. We regress two sets of data at national level: (1) the ratings of two main dimensions of Hofstede's national culture framework, uncertainty avoidance and individualism, and (2) UTCTAD B2C e-commerce index value. A sample of 83 countries was tested in this study. Several control variables at national level are included in our regression model. We find that these two cultural dimensions have an effect on the readiness of B2C e-commerce in various ways. We find that countries with high individualism score have high index value of B2C e-commerce development. We discuss the implications of these findings for B2C e-commerce developing strategies. We then call for designing relative policies with full consideration on national culture to promote the development of B2C e-commerce. In addition, we identify the limitations of the study and propose recommendations for future research. This study is the first one to use UNCTAD data on B2C e-commerce to explore the relationships between two dimensions of Hofstede's national culture and the readiness of B2C e-commerce and adds to the knowledge of literature in this research field.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.692-704
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to select MLMA and Noen Eubanks as representatives of Gen Z's unique subculture 'E-girl' and 'E-boy' to analyze fashion images and determine their meaning through the perspective of persona. To conduct this study, a literature review and case studies were combined and fashion images of E-girl and E-boy appearing on social media were analyzed to identify the personas they expressed. A case study of MLMA and Noen Eubanks' Instagram and TikTok account posts showed that grotesque, kitsch, and gender-related images stand out. The digital personae demonstrated by E-girl and E-boy fashion images were demonstrated to be a strange persona that reject perfect beauty and a playful persona escaping from reality and anxiety. Lastly persona of individual identity was shown to be formed. This study provides a basis for understanding and interpreting Gen Z's culture and aesthetics that will lead to future trends. Based on this study, I hope that various studies on E-girl and E-boy apparel will be conducted, and that by understanding the importance of E-girl and E-boy culture for Gen Z (which is paying attention to fashion trends), this can be used as a marketing strategy to consider their characteristics, with data used to inform design development.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

The growth of Selenastrum capricornutum in culture was investigated as a function of ionic copper concentrations to verify the toxicity and physiological variation. In a $Cu^{++}$ excess culture (E: $Cu^{++}$ of $130{\mu}g/l$), the growth rate (K)(0.32) was lower than that of the control culture (C: $Cu^{++}$ of $0.065{\mu}g/l$) (0.61) after 8 days and the exponential growth rate ($R_E$) was also found to be lower in culture E (1.1) than culture C (2.9). On the contrary, the K of S. capricornutum in trace $Cu^{++}$ culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$, 0.72) after 6 days tended to be more increased than culture C (0.68). From 8 to 14 days of culture, the amounts of chlorophyllls a and b were increased in culture C (chlorophyll a, $106->126{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $158->208{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b were decreased in culture E (chlorophyll a, $309->235{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $405->352{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). The amounts of chlorophylls in ionic copper trace culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$) [(chl a/b) of $T_1$: $384/620\;{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; (chl a/b) of $T^2$:$320/467{\mu}g/g$ dry wt] were increased more than the culture C($260/387{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). Howeveer, when photosynthetic rates were normalized to the dry weight of algae, the control culture continued to showed higher values than the treated culture ($T_1$). An appropriate amount of ionic copper ($T_1:\;26\;{\mu}g/l$) stimulated the grwoth of S. capricornutum than the ionic copper content of $13\;{\mu}g/l$ ($T_2$), while the excess amount of ionic copper ($130\;{\mu}g/l$) resulted in the highest toxicity to the growth of S. capricornutum.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.439-461
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• 2017

The filial piety culture represented by Cao-e was regarded as moral rule mechanism in order to maintain patriarchal system and property relations in ancient China as an agricultural society. Exactly, In the process of Cao-e's story spreading, oral inheritance and literature processing have a relation of learning and penetration each other in order to beautify, deify, systematic stories. This is expression of human being's thought method of pursuing perfection. For instance, The traditional piety culture is increasingly weakened, that is why it is important to recognize the fundamental connotation behind the cultural identity in the modern society, to create the social foundation of Cao-e' filial piety cultural contents root, and to explore the core values of piety culture contains. Looking Cao-e' filial piety Culture and culture archetypes as study object, this article analyzes the spreading of Cao-e's story texts for understand the connection between literature processing and image formation from aspect of Cao-e deification.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1982

Enterotoxigenk E. coli is one of the major causative agents of the infantile diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea. The heat-labile enterotoxin is thought to be a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of the diarrhea and to be a marker for identification of the enterotoxigenic E. coli from non pathogenic E. coli. Therefore knowledge about the heat-labile enterotoxin is essential not only for understanding the pathogenesis but also for the diagnosis of the diarrhea. However the in-vitro heat-labile enterotoxin production is reported to be greatly affected by the cultural condition. In this regards, this study was designed to know the optimal conditions for the production of the heat-labile enterotoxin by assaying the permeability factor in the 18 hours culture supernatant of E. coli 08K25(B2) H9 and of E. coli 015 H11. Results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Amounts of heat-labile enterotoxin produced were greater at initial pH 8.5 than at 7.0 of CYES-2 broth culture. However, the bacterial growth itself was more abundant at 7.0 than at 8.5. 2. Heat-labile enterotoxin per unit volume of culture supernatant was greater at shaking culture than at standing culture condition, but ratio of the enterotoxin produced over the unit mass of E. coli calculated was greater at standing culture than shaking culture condition, indicating that the greater yields of the toxin produced at shaking culture was due to increase in E. coli cell mass compared to the standing culture condition: 3. The enterotoxin produced in the lincomycin(128 microgram/ml) supplemented media was 5 or 11 times greater on the basis of enterotoxin per unit mass of E. coli, compared to the lincomycin-non-supplemented media, indicating that lincomycin itself increases the enterotoxin production. 4. Treatment of 18 hours culture of E. coli with polymyxin B(0.2 mg/ml) for 1 hour increased the yields of enterotoxin amounting to 2 or 5 times of the non-treated control cultures.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-131
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to categorize group of firms by using characteristics of technical innovation in telecommunication industry and to identify relationships between types of technical innovation and such contingency factors of technical innovation. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows; First, Type 1 Group (Innovative Industry Leading Group) tends to use innovative and market differentiation strategy and has more innovative C.E.O's management style and innovative culture. Second, Type 2 Group (Dependent Group on Market Change) tends to use market differentiation or cost leadership strategy and has a more conservative C.E.O's management style and non-innovative culture. Third, Type 3 Group (Small Technology Intensive Group) tends to use focused innovative strategy and has a more innovative C.E.O's management style and innovative culture. Fourth, Type 4 Group (Non-Innovative Group) tends to use focused cost leadership strategy and has a more conservative C.E.O's management style and non-innovative culture.