• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2013

Objectives : This experiment was performed in order to study the effect of Maekmundong-tang on dyspnea patients. Methods : This study involved 14 dyspnea patients from March 1, 2012 to May 31, 2012. Lung capacity of the patients is evaluated with Peak flow meter. Results : Maekmundong-tang administration was revealed effect on dyspnea patients' lung capacity. Conclusions : It was found that Maekmundong-tang administration was effective on dyspnea patients' lung capacity. The mean degree of improvement was 21.79(L/min). It was shown that the more mild dyspnea level was, the more effective and short-term administration more effective.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2020

Background: The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) for Dyspnea was developed to assess multidimensional dyspnea using two subscales (experience of dyspnea and functional limitation) and a total score. Objects: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the FACIT-dyspnea 10-item short form questionnaire (FACIT-dyspnea-K). Methods: Subjects were 163 patients with cancer. Dyspnea-related scales (modified Medical Research Council scale [mMRC], European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 [EORTC QLQ-C30], Hospital Anxiety and Depression [HAD], and WHO Performance Scale) were used to validate the FACIT-dyspnea-K. Results: Internal consistency was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha values of 0.90 and 0.95 in factors 1 and 2, respectively. Convergence validity was determined by comparing the two factors and total score of the FACIT-dyspnea-K with conceptually related assessment tools measuring the physical and emotional effects of dyspnea, with which correlations ranged from 0.364 to 0.567. Criterion validity was established by significant differences in the FACIT-dyspnea-K score between groups when the patients were classified by performance status as assessed by the WHO performance scale. Furthermore, the FACIT-dyspnea-K showed notable correlations with other dyspnea scales (mMRC, EORTC QLQ-C30, and HAD) for cancer patients (r = 0.28 to 0.54). The test-retest reliability of the two factors and total score of the FACIT-dyspnea-K appeared to be excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96 to 0.97). Conclusion: This study supports FACIT-dyspnea-K as a valid and reliable instrument to assess the dyspnea experience of cancer patients in clinical settings.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2013

Purpose : This study intended to improve the quality of prehospital emergency care for patients with dyspnea by figuring out the current situations and problems based on run-sheets of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods : A total of 336 dyspnea patients were transferred to G university hospital by 119 ambulances from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Results : The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Patients over 60 years old accounted for 57.2% and 48.4% had the history of heart disease. Among the heart disease patients, 31.7% complained of dyspnea and chest pain. The vital sign measurement performance by 119 EMTs increased compared to previous study. The number of prehospital treatment by 119 EMTs significantly increased depending on the mental state of the patients. Conclusion : 119 EMTs should remind the heart disease and other past history of the patients when they perform the dyspnea patient care.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the effect of music therapy on the physiologic index, anxiety and dyspnea of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators, and to compare the effects between western and Korean traditional music. Methods: The research format is repeated measures design. The subject group consisted of 21 patients being weaned from mechanical ventilators in a tertiary general hospital in Seoul. Each patient randomly received western music, rest, and Korean traditional music. Western and Korean traditional music were played on an MP3 head phone for 30 minutes. Patients get 30 minutes of rest between the 2 music styles and the rest period. Physiological indices, anxiety and dyspnea were measured before and after patients listened to both styles of music and the rest period. Anxiety and dyspnea were measured with a visual analogue scale. Results: Respiratory rates (RR), rapid shallow breath indexes (RSBI), anxiety and dyspnea decreased, and tidal volume (TV) increased after listening to Western and Korean tradition music in patients weaning from mechanical ventilators. Compared to western music, Korean traditional music yielded significant decreases in RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea, and an increase of TV. Conclusion: Western and Korean traditional music would decrease RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea and increase TV of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators. The effects are more pronounced in patients listening to Korean traditional music compared to western music.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test an explanatory model of dyspnea in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD). Methods: Participants were 181 patients with CLD, recruited from the outpatient pulmonary clinic of one university hospital in Korea. Data were collected using questionnaires, as well as measurement of 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$), FEV1% predicted, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: The results indicated a good fit between the proposed dyspnea model and the collected data [$x^2$=91.27, p= .13, $x^2$/d.f.=1.17, Normal Fit Index= .934]. Oxygenation ($SpO_2$, = -.530), self-efficacy (= -.429), anxiety (= .253), depression (= .224), exercise endurance (6MWD, = -.211), and pulmonary function (FEV1% predicted, = -.178) had a direct effect on dyspnea (all p< .05) and these variables explained 74% of variance in dyspnea. BMI, smoking history, and social support had an indirect effect on dyspnea. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that comprehensive nursing interventions should focus on recovery of respiratory health and improvement of emotions, exercise ability, and nutritional status. From this perspective, pulmonary rehabilitation would be an effective strategy for managing dyspnea in patients with CLD.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.813-821
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine descriptors of dyspnea and clinical characteristics in patients with COPD at ED visit. Method: The study design was a descriptive survey, and 46 patients with COPD complaining of dyspnea were participated during their visits to the ED of C university hospital in G city, from October 1, 2004 to April 8, 2005. Result: The qualitative characteristics of dyspnea at the time of decision to the ED visit were short of breath (71.7%), tight (32.6%), hard to breathe (15.2%), smothering or suffocating (10.9%), gasping (8.7%), couldn't breathe (6.5%), constricted (2.2%), and hunger for air (2.2%). In the item of dyspnea checklists, My chest felt tight was the most common description among subjects. As the result of factor analysis of dyspnea checklists, the first factor was characterized rapid and shallow, the second was suffocating/smothering, the third was hunger for air, and the fourth was constricted. Conclusion: This study suggests that a checklist of dyspnea descriptors based on this findings would be utilized as a tool of initial and ongoing assessment for dyspneic patients with COPD in the ED after identifying the validity and reliability of the checklist.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.392-399
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• 1992

Background: Despite dyspnea is a predominant complaint of patients with respiratory disease, the mechanisms contributing to the sensation of breathlessness are poorly understood. Traditionally, physicians have measured objective pulmonary function to assess severity of dyspnea. But it will be also useful to measure subjective dyspnea index because dyspnea probably depends on a complex interplay of mechanical, experimental, emotional and other factors. Method: We measured breathlessness at rest, after Methacholine challenge and then bronchodilator inhalation using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Borg Scale Dyspnea Index (BSDI) in stable asthmatic patients. Spirometry was performed concomittently. Results: There was no correlation between dyspnea index and FEV1. There was also no correlation between the change in dyspnea index and change in FEV1. The change in dyspnea index after methacholine and bronchodilator was greater in clinically mild asthmatic patients than clinically severe symptomatic group. Conclusion: In asthmatic patients, there was a wide variation in sensory response for any given FEV1, and the change in perception of dyspnea was greater in those with clinically mild symptoms. The measurement of dyspnea index may yield information complementary to that obtained by spirometry.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.467-474
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• 2012

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Korean version of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) and Dyspnea-12 Questionnaire for patients with bronchiectasis or tuberculous destroyed lung. Methods: For 62 bronchiectasis patients and 37 tuberculous destroyed lung patients, 3 questionnaires including St. George's Respiratory Questionnaires (SGRQ), CAT, and Dyspnea-12 were obtained, in addition to spirometric measurements. To assess the validity of CAT and Dyspnea-12, correlation with SGRQ was evaluated. To assess the reliability of CAT and Dyspnea-12, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was calculated. Results: The mean ages of the patients were $60.7{\pm}8.3$ years in bronchiectasis and $64.4{\pm}9.3$ years in tuberculous destroyed lung. 46.8% and 54.1% were male, respectively. The SGRQ score was correlated with the score of the Korean version of CAT (r=0.72, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.67, p<0.0001) in bronchiectasis patients. The SGRQ score was correlated with the score of CAT (r=0.86, p<0.0001) and Dyspnea-12 (r=0.80, p<0.0001) in tuberculous destroyed lung patients. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the CAT and Dyspnea-12 were 0.84 and 0.90 in bronchiectasis, and 0.88 and 0.94 in tuberculous destroyed lung, respectively. Conclusion: We found that Korean version of CAT and Dyspnea-12 are valid and reliable in patients with tuberculous destroyed lung and bronchiectasis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.875-880
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• 2005

Object : Dyspnea is a one of the common symptom in pulmonary disease. Jungchunghwadam-tang was used to treat chronic pulmonary disease patients with dyspnea. Thus in this study we evaluate the effect of Jungchunghwadam-tang on dyspnea. Methods : In this study, ten chronic pulmonary disease patients were treated with Jungchunghwadam-tang. Peak expiratory flow were obtained by peak flow meter. Result : After the treatment, peak expiratory flow was increased significantly compared with before treatment. Percentage of predict peak expiratory flow was also increased significantly compared with before treatment. Conclusion : The result of this study demonstrate that Jungchunghwadam-tang taken for dyspnea on chronic pulmonary disease are effective. Further investigation in well designed follow up study is needed.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2023

Dyspnea is a common symptom among patients with gastrointestinal cancer, and a comprehensive evaluation of their respiratory function is essential. Self-reporting aids in the assessment of the degree of dyspnea, while objective examination methods are performed to identify the potential underlying causes when subjective symptoms are present. Standard treatment protocols should be followed for potentially reversible and common causes of dyspnea, such as pleural effusion, pneumonia, airway obstruction, anemia, asthma, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary thromboembolism, or drug-induced interstitial lung disease. Careful and close monitoring is required due to the high frequency of pulmonary thromboembolism and the risk of cardiovascular accidents, drug-induced interstitial lung disease, or other complications from some anticancer drugs. In case of hypoxemia with an oxygen saturation of 90% or less, palliative treatment should comprise standard oxygen therapy such as nasal cannula, mask, or high-flow nasal cannula. If non-pharmacological oxygen therapy is not effective, pain control through systemic narcotic analgesics and anti-anxiety therapy with benzodiazepines may be helpful.