• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2003

Dynamic DSC 방법을 이용하여 isoprene(IR) 및 chloroprene(CR) 고무로 개질된 NR/CB 고무 복합체의 가황반응을 연구하였다. 각각의 샘플에 대하여 승온속도를 달리한 열분석 곡선을 얻었고 이로부터 Kissinger의 해석 방법에 따라 가교반응 기구를 연구하였다. 실험에 사용된 고무 복합재료는 대개 $120{\sim}180^{\circ}C$ 사이의 온도영역에서 가교 반응이 일어나는 것이 확인되었으며, 승온속도가 $3^{\circ}C/min$에서 $30^{\circ}C/min$로 빨라질수록 최대반응 속도점의 온도($T_p$)는 점점 높은 쪽으로 이동하였고, 반응 발열량도 상대적으로 커지는 것으로 관찰되었다. Kissinger의 해석방법을 이용하여 실험 데이터를 분석한 결과, 실험에 사용된 샘플의 가교반응은 1차반응에 의해 진행되는 것으로 밝혀졌으며 개질제로서 사용된 고무 중에서 IR을 사용한 경우보다는 CR을 개질제로 사용한 경우에 반응온도에 상대적으로 더 민감한 것으로 판명되었다. 그러나 충전제로 사용된 카본블랙의 경우에는 종류와는 무관하게 반응기구에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

The influences of carbon black loading and cure type on the cure characteristics including kinetics and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated for a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The rate constants of accelerated sulfur vulcanization reaction at three different temperatures were determined using a cure rheometer, and they were compared with those from the direct measurement of sulfur concentration. The strain softening behavior under dynamic deformation, known as the Payne effect was also discussed depending on the carbon black loading and cure type.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2000

3가지 대표적인 가황계인 conventional vulcanization(Conv), semi-efficient vulcanization (Semi-EV), efficient vulcanization(EV)방법을 카본블랙 충전 천연고무 배합고무에 대해 적용하고, 이들 가황계에 따른 가황특성, 인장특성, 동적 점탄성을 조사하였다. 또한 가황온도가 배합고무의 기계적 물성과 노화저항성에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. Conv 가황계가 Semi-EV나 EV 가황계에 비해 가황속도는 낮았으나 최대 토오크는 높았다. 인장특성은 Conv 가황계가 Semi-EV나 EV 가황계에 비해 높은 모듈러스를 나타내었고, 파괴점에서의 인장강도는 유사한 반면 신장율은 낮았다. 가황온도 증가에 따라 경도, 모듈러스 및 인장강도는 감소하였고, 감소 정도는 EV나 Semi-EV 가황계가 Conv 가황계보다 낮았다. 또한 열노화에 대한 저항성은 EV 가황계가 Conv 가황계보다 월등히 우수하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2011

NR/CR 블렌드에서 CR 함량이 가황 동력학과 혼용성에 미치는 영향을 물성은 물론이고 dynamic DSC와 TGA를 이용하여 연구하였다. 가황반응 시의 생성 활성화 에너지는 모든 시험편에 대하여 $77.5{\pm}2.5$ kcal/mol로써 일정한 값을 보여 주었으나 CR 조성비가 증가함에 따라 반응속도는 늦어지는 것으로 나타났다. DTG를 이용한 열분해 연구의 결과로서 NR과 CR 두 성분은 3%정도의 낮은 CR 조성비에서는 부분적인 상용성을 보이지만 21%정도의 높은 CR 조성비에서는 상용성이 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 상용성의 변화에 의한 결과로서 시험편의 영구압축줄음률은 CR 조성비에 비례하여 증가하는 것이 관찰되었으나, 인장강도에 대하여서는 CR 조성비가 증가할수록 인장강도는 직선적으로 떨어지는 현상을 나타내 었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1998

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effects of vulcanization condition on the properties of reinforced rubbers. Rubber reinforcing ability of carbon black was more efficient than other fillers, but tensile properties were not affected by vulcanization condition while vulcanization condition affected the physical properties of rubber compounds with silica and silane treated slica. It was found that silica and silane treated silica filled rubber compounds showed good dynamic properties, rebound, heat build-up, 0 and $60^{\circ}C$ tan $\delta$ compared with carbon black filled rubber compounds. Carbon black filled rubber compounds were higher than silica and silane treated silica filled rubber compounds in total crosslinking density by vulcanization condition. By analysis of crosslinking type, polysulfide crosslinking was the highest in the carbon black filled rubber compounds with decreasing the ratio of sulfur to accelerator, monosulfide crosslinking was the highest in the silane treated silica filled compounds with in-creasing the ratio of sulfur to accelerator.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2011

셀룰로오스계 천연섬유인 kenaf를 천연고무와 함께 균일하게 배합한 후 압축성형 방법을 사용하여 천연섬유/천연고무 복합재료를 제조하였으며, 이들의 가황거동, 경도, 인장특성, 인열강도 및 정적, 동적 특성에 미치는 kenaf 섬유함량의 영향을 조사하였다. 복합재료를 구성하는 천연섬유의 함량은 천연고무 및 배합제 대비 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 phr이었다. 실험결과 천연고무의 여러 가지 특성이 kenaf 섬유의 함량에 의존한다는 것을 나타내었다. Kenaf 섬유함량이 증가함에 따라 천연고무의 가황에 요구되는 토크는 높아진 반면 가황시간은 감소되었다. Kenaf/천연고무 복합재료의 경도, 인장탄성률과 인열강도는 섬유함량이 증가할수록 점차적으로 증가한 반면, 인장강도와 파단신장률 은 감소하는 경향을 보여주었다. 또한 kenaf 섬유함량이 증가함에 따라 천연고무의 정적 특성보다는 동적 특성의 변화가 더욱 크게 나타났다. 고무에 가해지는 에너지의 감쇄 또는 흡수와 밀접한 관계가 있는 손실인자도 섬유함량에 비례하여 증가하였다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1992

The purpose for this study is to examine the vulcanization characteristics, especially the damping, elastic modulus and viscous modulus properties of filler 50phr filled NR compounds and to find out the compounds which can be used as damping materials in industry. For this study, compounds were prepared with filler filled compounding formula. Their vulcanization characteristics, elastic modulus, viscous modulus and damping properties were examined by mean of the rheometrics dynamic spectrometer. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The elastic modulus values of the maxium under the condition of 1Hz frequency, showed the order as follows, $HAF>Silica>FEF>GPF>SRF>Clay>CaCO_3\;coated>CaCO_3$. 2. The damping values of the maxium under the condition of 1Hz frequency, showed the order as follows $Silica>HAF>FEF>GPF>SRF>Clay>CaCO_3\;coated>CaCO_3$.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2000

일반적인 고무가공 공정에 비해 열가소성 고무 (Thermoplastic Elastomer: TPE)의 가공은 재료가 공공정의 단축, 생산공정의 간소화, scrap의 재활용 둥의 장점과 이에 따른 불량률 저하에 의한 폐기물감소, 제조원가 감소 및 부가가치성을 높일 수 있어 국제 경쟁력 확보에 유리하다. 본 연구에서는 Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)고무와 polypropylene을 사용하여 동적가교 (dynamic vulcanization)에 의해 블렌드를 제조한 후, glass insert molding법을 이용하여 fixed glass weather-strip을 성형하였다. 성형품의 기계적인 특성을 조사하기 위하여 인장강도, 신장율. 경도, 비중을 측정하였으며, mixing 상태는 SEM 사진을 통하여 관찰하였다. TPE molding 부분과 glass를 일체 성형하므로써 공정의 효율성에 대한 기여 및 생산 자동화에 유리할 것으로 기대한다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-31
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• 1984

The purposes of this dissertation are to demonstrate that DSC theromoanaytical methods of vulcanization can provide useful informations on the vulcanization characteristics of industrial formulations and also provides the potential basis for a rapid and complete method of sulfur and vulcanizing accelerator analysis for quality control. The influences of those factors such as heating rate, scan temperature, vucanizing accelerator's type and concentration upon vulcanization exotherm in NR and NBR compounds in the presence of vulcanizing accelerators such as TMTD,MBTS,DPG,TMTM,CBS, and MBT were evaluated by means of DSC. In order to examine the credibility in the DSC method, the same samples which were used for DSC method were studied to compare the DSC results with the ODR (Oscillating Disk Rheometer) data. The results obtained were as follows 1. In the DSC dynamic experiments, the observed enthalpy results from vulcanization depends upon the heating rate; In the range of 2 to $20^{\circ}C/min$ of heating rate, as the heating rate was increased the enthalpy change was also increased. However, over the heating rate of $30^{\circ}C/min$ it was observed that the enthalpy change was decreased as the heating rate was further increased. Without regard to the change of enthalpy, tremendous instantaneous heat evolving was observed in the range of high heating rates. 2. For the samples which are added with various vulcanizing accelerators, the activation energies of vulcanization were as follows; 3. Regarding to the influences of vulcanizining accelerator's types upon the characteristics of vulcanization exotherm, NR and NBR compounds in the presence of thiuramsulphide compounds type accelerators such as TMTD, TMTM, were exhibited sharper and higher vulclanization exotherm than others. From the resuts of DSC thermograms which was distributed in even shape in the broad temperature range, it was clearly shown that the guanidine compounds type accelerator such as DPG acts as a delayed acting accelerator. 4. In the comparison of DSC and ODR results, the dependency of temperature in the cure rate and the observed conversions show good agreements between two results. 5. In the same curatives, by the comparison of glass transition temperatures, it was possible to predict relative values of maximum torques. Consequently, from the present studies, it is shown that the DSC thermoanalytical method can provide an alternate new method for rapid and complete quality control analysis of rubber industry.

• 고무기술
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Effects of silane modifier, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT(S4)) and bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (TESPD(S2)), on silica filled compound were investigated upon processability, dynamic, mechanical, heat build-up, blowout properties, and silica dispersion in natural rubber (NR). The temperature of the S2 treated silica compound generated higher than that of the S4 treated compound during internal mixer compounding. The shear viscosity of the S2 compound exhibited lower than that of the S4 compound and the viscosity measured in dynamic mode was close to each other. The elongation modulus of the S2 compound exhibited lower than that of the S4; however, the tear resistance strength of the S2 compound exhibited higher than that of the S4 compound. The loss tan$\delta$ values of the S2 compound exhibited higher than those of the S4 at room temperature. The augmentation of the test temperature lowered the tan$\delta$ values of each compound, which results in close tan$\delta$ values to each other at $100^{\circ}C$. The S2 compound deformed less than the S4 compound, and the blowout time of each compound was close to each other. The S2 compound generated more heat build-up than the S4 compound. The abrasion loss of the S2 compound was less than that of the S4 compound. The size of the silica agglomerate reduced on both S4 and S2 compounds upon vulcanization. The addition of the bifunctional silanes (S2 and S4) on silica filled NR compound improved the processability of each compound and their effects were more significant on the S2 compound than the S4 compound. After vulcanization the silica agglomerate size of each compound reduced compared with before vulcanization.