• 소성∙가공
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2017

In the high-speed forming analysis, dynamic material properties considering a high strain rate are required. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiment was performed for measuring dynamic material properties under high strain rate. The pulse shaping method was used to improve the accuracy of the SHPB experiment. A pulse shaper attached to the front of the incident bar was used for specimen dynamic stress equilibrium through stress wave control. Numerical analysis and SHPB test were performed to verify whether the pulse shaper affects the dynamic stress equilibrium in copper and Al6061 specimens. The results of SHPB test and numerical analysis show that the pulse shaper contributes to the dynamic stress equilibrium. Based on the improved stress equilibrium using a pulse shaper, the flow stress curves for copper and Al6061 materials were obtained at strain rates of 1344.4/sec and 1291.6/sec, respectively.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2019

암석이나 콘크리트와 같은 취성재료의 경우에는 역학적 강도의 하중속도 의존성을 보임에 따라 발파 및 충격해석에 있어 이를 반영코자 하는 노력이 증가하고 있다. 이와 같은 암석의 동적강도의 경우에는 순간적으로 높은 하중이 작용하는 동적하중의 가압특성에 따라 시험편 내의 응력평형상태를 고려한 평가가 수행되어야함이 제안된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 스플릿 홉킨슨 압력봉 장비를 이용한 포천 화강암의 동적일축압축강도 실험을 통해 응력평형조건의 충족 유무에 따른 암석의 동적파괴과정 및 역학적 강도특성에 대해 고찰하였다. 연구결과 적절한 응력평형상태가 이루어지진 않은 상태에서 평가된 암석의 동적일축압축강도는 상대적으로 과소평가되는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 하중의 가압면에서 발생하는 조기파괴에 따른 에너지 파괴에너지 손실 및 변형률속도 과대평가에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로 합리적인 동적강도 평가를 위해서는 암석의 변형거동특성에 대한 분석 및 파괴패턴에 대한 검토를 통한 응력평형조건의 세밀한 검증이 수반되어야 할 것으로 판단하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2022

The excessive settlement and deformation of disintegrated carbonaceous mudstone (DCM) embankments under dynamic loading have long been problems for engineers and technicians. In this work, the characteristics and mechanism of the plastic deformation of DCM under different degrees of compaction, water contents and confining pressures were studied by static triaxial, dynamic triaxial and scanning electron microscopy testing. The research results show that the axial stress increases with increasing confining pressure and degree of compaction and decreases with increasing water content when DCM failure. The axial strain at failure of the DCM decreases with increasing confining pressure and degree of compaction and increases with increasing water content. Under cyclic dynamic stress, the change in the axial stress level of the DCM can be divided into four stages: the stable stage, transition stage, safety reserve stage and unstable stage, respectively. The effects of compaction, water content and confining pressure on the critical axial stress level which means shakedown of the DCM are similar. However, an increase in confining pressure reduces the effects of compaction and water content on the critical axial stress level. The main deformation of DCM is fatigue cracking. Based on the allowable critical axial stress, a method for embankment deformation control was proposed. This method can determine the degree of compaction and fill range of the embankment fill material according to the equilibrium moisture content of the DCM embankment.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.670-676
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• 2004

Most metallic materials and alloys show rate independence or negative rate sensitivity in some temperature region when dynamic strain aging occurs. It is generally recognized that negative rate sensitivity is an essential feature of dynamic strain aging that can depend on strain and/or strain rate. The unified viscoplasticity theory based on overstress is applied to reproduce a change of rate sensitivity type that depends on strain or strain rate. This is accomplished through the introduction of a single new term in the growth law of the equilibrium stress, which is a tensor valued state variable of the model. It is also shown that the new term can be used to reproduce a dramatic increase of rate sensitivity in dynamic plasticity.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2009년도 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.198-202
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• 2009

스플릿 홉킨슨 압력 봉(SHPB)실험은 암석 및 콘크리트와 같은 취성재료의 동적 물성과 변형특성을 파악하고 압축 응력-변형율 데이터를 획득하기 위하여 사용된다. SHPB 실험법은 원리상 대상시료가 파괴이전에 동적응력평형 상태와 일정 변형율 속도 조건하여 놓여져 있어야 한다. 이러한 조건을 만족시키기 위하여 충격봉과 입사봉의 충격에 의하여 발생되는 충격 입사파형을 제어할 필요가 있다. 최근에는 원형 디스크를 충격봉과 입사봉 사이에 두어 입사 충격파형을 제어하는 펄스쉐이핑 기법이 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 입사 충격파형을 정밀하게 제어할 목적으로 다양한 형태와 크기의 금속디스크를 대상으로 SHPB 실험을 수행하여 동적 변형 특성을 파악하였다. 펄스쉐이퍼의 두께와 직경이 작아짐에 따라 응력값과 파장은 증가하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.634-637
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• 2004

This paper presents a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB) technique to obtain compressive stress-strain data for rubber materials. An experimental technique that modifies the conventional Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB) has been developed for measuring the compressive stress-strain responses of materials with low mechanical impedance and low compressive strengths such as rubber. This paper introduces an all-polymeric pressure bar which achieves a closer impedance match between the pressure bar and the specimen materials. In addition, we are a pulse shaper to lengthen the rising time of the incident wave to ensure stress equilibrium and homogeneous deformation of a rubber materials. It is found that the modified technique can be determine the dynamic deformation behavior of an NBR rubber more accurately.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.74-84
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• 1996

Dynamic loading of structures often causes excursions of stresses well into the inelastic range and the influence of geometric changes on the dynamic response is also significant in many cases. Therefore, both material and geometric nonlinearity effects should be considered in case that a dynamic load acts on the structure. For developing a program to analyze the dynamic response of an axisymmetric shell in this study, the material nonlinearity effect on the dynamic response was formulated by the elasto-viscoplastic model highly corresponding to the real behavior of the material. Also, the geometrically nonlinear behavior is taken into account using a total Lagrangian coordinate system, and the equilibrium equation of motion was numerically solved by a central difference scheme. A complete finite element program has been developed and the results obtained by it are compared with those in the references 1 and 2. The results are in good agreement with each other. As a case study of its application, the developed program was applied to a dynamic response analysis of a nuclear reinforced concrete containment structure. The results obtained from the' numerical examples are summarized as follows : 1. The dynamic magnification factor of the displacement and the stress were unrelated with the concrete strength. 2. As shown by the results that the displacement dynamic magnification factor were form 1.7 to 2.3 and the stress dynamic magnification factor from 1.8 to 2.5, the dynamic magnification factor of stress were larger than that of displacement. 3. The dynamic magnification factor of stress on the exterior surface was larger than that on the interior surface of the structure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.789-817
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• 2004

This paper deals with the modal analysis of rotational shell structures by means of the numerical solution technique known as the Generalized Differential Quadrature (G. D. Q.) method. The treatment is conducted within the Reissner first order shear deformation theory (F. S. D. T.) for linearly elastic isotropic shells. Starting from a non-linear formulation, the compatibility equations via Principle of Virtual Works are obtained, for the general shell structure, given the internal equilibrium equations in terms of stress resultants and couples. These equations are subsequently linearized and specialized for the rotational geometry, expanding all problem variables in a partial Fourier series, with respect to the longitudinal coordinate. The procedure leads to the fundamental system of dynamic equilibrium equations in terms of the reference surface kinematic harmonic components. Finally, a one-dimensional problem, by means of a set of five ordinary differential equations, in which the only spatial coordinate appearing is the one along meridians, is obtained. This can be conveniently solved using an appropriate G. D. Q. method in meridional direction, yielding accurate results with an extremely low computational cost and not using the so-called "delta-point" technique.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.753-765
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• 2007

The response histories and distribution of dynamic interlaminar stresses in composite laminated plates under free vibration and thermal load is studied based on a thermoelastodynamic differential equations. The stacking sequence of the laminated plates may be arbitrary. The temperature change is considered as a linear function of coordinates in planes of each layer. The dynamic mode of displacements is considered as triangle series. The in-plane stresses are calculated by using geometric equations and generalized Hooke's law. The interlaminar stresses are evaluated by integrating the 3-D equations of equilibrium, and utilizing given boundary conditions and continuity conditions of stresses between layers. The response histories and distribution of interlaminar stress under thermal load are presented for various vibration modes and stacking sequence. The theoretical analyses and results are of certain significance in practical engineering application.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1998

금강하구에서 대규모 공사의 영향으로 인한 수동역학적 변화를 해석하기 위하여, 2차원 유한요소 수동역학모형을 적용하었다. 수치모형을 조석과 조류번화 해석에 적용한 결과 금강하구둑의 수문이 열렸을 때와 eke혔을 때는 조석체계가 급격히 변화되어 M$_2$, 분조가 각각 군산내항에서 17 cm 및 6 cm 확폭되고, 군산외항에서는 5 cm 및 3 cm 확폭되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 연차별 단계별로 진척되는 공사로 인한 조류와 해저 퇴적성향의 변화결과는 도류제 축조로 조류속이 증가되는 것이 뚜렷하게 나타났으며, 금강하구역의 동적평형을 이루는 해저마찰응력은 0.4N/$m^2$로 분석되었다. 일대해역의 퇴적율 R은 최대마찰응력(equation omitted)와 상관이 있으며 R=-0.37-0.40 ln $\tau$의 관계로 설명된다.