• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1984

In hot pressed wood of Pseudotsuga menziesii compressed to 0 - 50 percent at temperature 60 - $180^{\circ}C$, relative humidity conditions affecting dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity and internal friction were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Moisture absorption of the hot pressed wood decreased with increasing press temperature, but there was no effect on the amount of compression. Thickness swelling dereased with increasing press temperature, and increased with increasing amount of compression. In general, dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity showed a straight line with increasing specific gravity of specimens. Dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity decreased with increasing moisture content, but internal friction increased with increasing amount of moisture content. Dynamic Young's modulus of R specimens pressed in the radial direction showed hight values than T specimens pressed in the tangential direction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.34-40
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• 1985

The characteristics of Paulownia coreana wood used for sounding boards has been revealed through this study. The 80 specimens were selected from Paulownia coreana wood. The dynamic Young's modulus, the internal friction and resonant frequency of wood were measured by the method of making a rectangular bar resonate in the audio frequency range. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The average values of the specific gravity, the dynamic Young's modulus and the internal friction concerning Paulownia coreana used for sounding boards are $0.252{\pm}0.022$, $(0.494{\pm}0.068){\times}10^{11}$ dyne/cm and $(7.89{\pm}1.692){\times}10^{-3}$ respectively. 2. The average values of resonant frequency, the velosity of sound, and K values are $504{\pm}24.298$ Hz, $5018{\pm}219.83$m/s, and $(9.907{\pm}2.05){\times}10^{-4}$ respectively. 3. The dynamic Young's modulus of Paulownia coreana increases with the increase of the specific gravity, and that on the contrary the internal friction decreases. 4. The dynamic Young's modulus was abruptly decreased as the moisture content of wood specimens was increased up to the fiber saturation point, and the internal friction was linearly increased as the moisture content of wood specimens were increased. 5. The vibration properties of Paulownia coreana are that the dynamic Young's modulus is fairly high, the internal friction is low, and the ratio of Young's modulus to specific gravity shows large value.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.48-64
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the free vibrational properties of traditional and replaceable species for sounding board, using piezoelectrical accelerometer and signal analyzer. In the study, the frequency equations of free-free beam carrying a concentrated mass in the transverse vibration and of free-mass beam in the longitudinal vibration were used. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Average values of dynamic modulus of rigidity of Korean commercial species measured were as follows. Paulownia tomatosa (Thunb.) Steudel: $5.590\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Tilia amurensis Rupr.: $5.414\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Macckia amurensis Rupr.: $10.044\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.: $8.876\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Ulmus davidiana var.japonica Nakai: $8.677\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Pinus rigida Miller: $6.33\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance: $4.666\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ 2. The ratio of dynamic transverse Young's modulus to dynamic modulus of rigidity, $E_T/G_{LT}$, was 24.922 for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, which was the highest, 7.317 for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel, which was the lowest among Korean commercial species measured. 3. The value of longitudinal dynamic Young's modulus was about 3.7% and 19.8%, respectively, higher than those of transverse dynamic and static Young's modulus. The value of transverse dynamic Young's modulus was about 15.5% higher than that of static Young's modulus. 4. Predicted value of MOR in terms of correlation coefficient by transverse dynamic Young's modulus was slightly higher than that of static Young's modulus, but no significance was found out. 5. Transverse dynamic Youne's modulus was $(2.002\pm0.288)\times10^{11}\;dyne/cm^2$ for Fraxinus mandshurlca Rupr., which was the highest, $(0.601\pm0.100)\times10^{11}\;dyne/cm^2$ for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel, which was the lowest among Korean commercial species measured. The sound velocity of sitka spruce was 5,685 m/sec, which was the highest. 6. Internal friction of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel was shown the lowest value among Korean commercial species, $(8.795\pm1.795)\times10^{-3}$, but was higher than that of sitka spruce, $(7.331\pm0.991)\times10^{-3}$. Internal friction was shown negative correlation with density and dynamic Young's modulus, respectively. 7. K value was affected largely by internal friction and was the highest, $2.225\times10^8$ for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel and was the lowest, $0.550\times10^8$ for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. K value of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel was higher than that of sitka spruce and K values of melapi and cottonwood, which have been considered to be replaceable species with sitka spruce in the piano industry, were lower than those of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel and mill amurensis Rupr.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1990

For the purpose of Improving the sounding boards for the conventional GAYAKUM, I was making approximately 202 specimens of radial board, 371 specimens of tangential board by cutting along the grain and the part of stem and 31 specimens of the disjointed traditional GAYAKUM made in Paulownia coreana. And it was conducted to measure specific gravity, dynamic Young's modulus, internal friction, resonant frequency, velosity of sound and width of annual ring by the method of the frexural vibration in a free-free bar in the audio frequency range. And it confirmed the juvenile wood by measuring wood fiber length of specimens. It was also conducted to investigate dynamic properties and moisture absorption by various heat-treatment and to test dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction for the disjointed conventional GAYAKUM. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. The Juvenile wood is located within about 7 annual rings from the pith in Paulownia coreana. 2. As increased with the specific gravity, the dynamic Young's modulus had more and more increased, but the internal friction had slightly decreased. 3. I think that radial board would be good for sounding board wood. because radial board is higher than tangential board in dynamic Young's mudulus and internal friction is lower than tangential board. 4. The value of mean dynamic Young's modulus on the conventional GAYAKUM, radial board and tangential board of 604 samples is $0.4283\pm0.037(\times10^{11}dyne/cm^2)$, $0.4316\pm(\times10^{11}dyne/cm^2)$ and $0.4234\pm0.112(\times10^{11}dyne/cm^2)$ respectively. The value of the radial board showed little higher than that of conventional GAYAKUM, but It had a similar tendency between conventional GAYAKUM and tangential board. 5. The annual ring width by four aspect is more narrow in north and west than that of others. 6. The values of specific gravity and dynamic Young's modulus in the mature wood showed higher than those of juvenile wood. 7. As the grain angle in the butt wood more increased to bark from pith, the dynamic Young's modulus were low. Then it was not good for sounding board. 8. It appeared that the heat-treatment for sounding board wood had a more effect to do the treatment of hotiron on surface after heat-treatment during 24 hours in $60^{\circ}C$ temperature. 9. As increased with the temperature, the rate of moisture absorption of heat-treatment wood had decreased. In conclusion, I thought that the sounding board wood for GAYAKUM would had the most effect to do the treatment of hotiron on surface after heat-treatment during 24 hours in $60^{\circ}C$ temperature using the radial board of mature wood.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2002

유성일대 화강암, 팔당일대 호상 편마암 및 사북일대 퇴적암 지역에서 동탄성계수와 탄성파 속도와의 관계를 밝히기 위하여 완전파형음파검층을 통해 이들 암상에서 탄성파 P파와 S파 속도를 측정하였다. 또한 유성일대 화강암과 팔당일대 편마암 지역에 대해서는 일축압축강도와 포아송비를 실내시험에서 측정하였다. 실내실험 자료에서는 팔당 호상편마암 지역의 탄성파 P파 및 S파 속도가 유성의 화강암 지역보다 높게 나타난 반면, 포아송비가 낮은 값을 보이므로 포아송비의 증가함에 따라 탄성파 P파 및 S파 속도가 감소하는 상관관계를 보였다. 완전파형음파검층을 통하여 얻어진 동탄성계수는 동체적탄성계수와 동전단탄성계수에 비하여 높은 값을 보인다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.480-493
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• 2011

암석의 동적물성은 내진설계의 동적해석에 필요한 물성이다. 본 연구에서는 충남 연기군 지역의 화강암 시험편을 대상으로 양단자유 공진주시험을 실시하여 동적물성인 동탄성계수, 동전단계수, 감쇠비 등의 특성을 분석하고, 역학적 물성과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 탄성파속도를 기준으로 동적물성을 분석한 결과, 탄성파속도가 빠를수록 동탄성계수와 동전단계수는 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 감쇠비는 비선형적으로 감소되는 것으로 조사되었다. 논문은 사인형태의 입사파에 대한 장점을 설명하고 또한 동하중에 대한 암석의 크기효과를 설명하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.56-67
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• 1987

Plywoods used for construction as a decorative interior material are inflammable and can make fire accidents, causing destruction of human life and property. Therefore, it is indeed required to make fire-retardant treated plywood. In this study, 3.7mm yellow meranti plywoods were soaked in 18% boric acid solutions and tap water by hot-cold bath for 1/2, 2/2, 4/2, 6/2 hours and redrying of treated plywoods was carried out by press drying at the platen temperature of 110, 130, 160, $180^{\circ}C$ and then it was conducted to investigate solution absorption, drying rates, dynamic young's modulus. specific gravity and fire-retardant factors such as burning point, flame spread length. flame exhausted time, back side carbonized area and weight loss by treating time, treating solutions and platen temperature. The results are as follows; 1. When plywood was impregnated with the hot bath temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ for 1. 2, 4, 6 hours and the cold bath temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours respectively, retentions of boric acid were 1.565, l.597, 1.643, 1.709kg/$(30cm)^3$ and all of them exceeded the minimum retention [1.125kg/$(30cm)^3$] even in the shortest treatment. 2. In hot-cold bath method for 1/2 hours, the drying rates of treated plywood remarkably increased with the extension of platen temperature of 110, 130, 160, $180^{\circ}C$ and the values of boric acid treated plywood were 5.900, 10.196, 45.42, 54.958m.c%/min and the values of water treated plywood were 6.014, 12.373, 46.520, 55.730m.c%/min and drying rates of water treated plywood were faster than those of boric acid treated plywood. 3. The values of boric acid treated plywoods in dynamic young's modulus were widely higher than those of water treated plywoods. And it can be observed that there were highly significant differences for treating time between dynamic young's modulus, and the values of boric acid plywoods increased with the extension of treating time but on the contrary water treated plywoods were decreased values with prolonged time 4. It was observed that there were highly significant differences for platen temperature between dynamic young's modulus. When the values of water treated plywoods in dyna nic young's modulus were abruptly decreased according to the rise of platen temperature. boric acid treated plywoods showed rather increased values at $160^{\circ}C$ of platen temperature. And in 2- way interactions, there were also highly significant for dynamic young's modulus between treating time x treating solutions and platen temperature x treating solutions. 5. Correlation coefficients of fire-retardant factors were shown in table 5. It could be recognized that there were close correlations between the treating solutions and burning point, flame spread length, back side carbonized area, flame exhausted time and weight loss, but there was no correlation between fire-retardant factors and treating time and platen temperature. 6. From table 6, it can be observed that there were highly significant differences for burning point, flame spread length, flame exhausted time, back side carbonized area, weight loss between treating solutions. And in 2-way interactions, there were highly significant for burning point, flame spread length, weight loss between treating time $\times$ treating solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate replaceable species with the conventional sounding board sitka spruce. by comparing the dynamic properties such as density, dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction Dynamic Young's modulus. internal friction of longitudinal and radial direction measured in free mass-free boundary condition for facile vibration analysis and measured by forced vibration method. Dynamical properties of four species were measured on squared plate specimen that the four edges were hung vertically by threads and driven magnetically through an iron piece glued on the specimen, by the use of condenser microphone as vibration transducer, and analyzed by FFT analyzer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Chaldni method using aluminum powder was proper to identify the vibration mode in the plate vibration and it was possible to verify the resornance mode. 2. It was considered that it was necessary to investigate the influence of adhesive part on the plate vibration when the sounding board was made by two or three small board adhesion. 3. It was considered that plate vibration method, which was a superior to the vibration test of beam, was suitable for selecting suounding board because dynamic Young's modulus and internal friction show different order according to longitudinal and radial direction. 4. Paulownia tomentosa Thunb.) Steudel has been considered to be replaceable species with sitka spruce because it has high dynamic Young's modulus compared with low density, low internal friction, and K value of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel is greater than that of sitka spruce.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1190-1200
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• 2010

A method was developed to determine resilient modulus for crushed rock-soil mixtures whose usage has been increased recently without engineering specifications. The method is based on the subtle different modulus called nonlinear dynamic modulus and was lately implemented in residual soils and engineered crushed-stones. Hereby. the same method was expanded to crushed rock-soil mixtures containing as large grain diameter as 300mm. The method utilize field direct-arival tests for the determination of maximum Young's modulus, and a large scale free-free resonant column test, which is recently developed to is capable to test as large grain diameter as 25mm, for modulus reduction curves. The prediction model of resilient modulus was evaluated for crushed rock-soil mixtures of a highway construction site at Gimcheon, Korea.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2008

최근 국내에서도 일정 규모이상의 구조물과 건축물에 대한 내진설계가 필수적으로 되어 가고 있지만, 연구자료의 부족으로 외국문헌에서 인용 또는 참고하고 있어 실제 측정한 자료와 비교하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 외국문헌의 값은 우리나라의 지질특성과는 상당한 차이를 보이기 때문에 우리나라 화강암지대의 암질별 탄성파속도($V_p,\;V_s$)의 특성 및 동적특성치($E_d,\;G_d\;K_d$)와의 상관관계를 규명하여 국내 지질특성에 적합한 동적특성치의 특성을 제시하고자 한다.