• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.2 s.150
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• pp.275-285
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the change of dyeing ability by K/S values, when dyed in different twisting processes and by one bath system and two bath system, to find possible ways of minimizing the color difference between cotton and polyester in composite yarn. The two types of composite yarn, which had one setting process(CP1) and two setting processes(CP2) were dyed with reactive/disperse dyes in both one bath dyeing system and two bath system. The dyeing ability according to the two different twisting processes was measured, and the values of the CP1 were higher compare to the values of CP2 in both one and two bath dyeing systems. This is because CP1 applied only one setting could shrink dyeing process at 130$^{circ}C$. This shrinkage increased the number of twists in the unit length and increased the yarn density, and this is the reason that the K/S values were measured higher than those of CP2. In wet shrinkage test, in opposition to CP2 only had 0.76$\%$ of the shrinkage rate, CP1 had 3.00$\%$ of the shrinkage rate. Also, the dyeing ability according to the two different dyeing methods was measured, and the values of CP1 and CP2 were both higher when dyed in two bath system. On the other hand, the color differences between cotton and polyester in composite yarns, were smaller for CP2 than that for CP1 and were also smaller in two bath dyeing system than in one bath dyeing system. Therefore, the ways of minimizing color difference between cotton and polyester in composite yarn are to apply enough setting in order to minimize shrinkage in dyeing process and to choose two bath dyeing system.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.62-68
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• 2017

Coffee sludge and onion shells are known typically as waste resources as well as simultaneously being the raw material for dye having a golden brown color. This research studies the dyeability, functionality, and colors of woolen fabric after being dyed by different dyeing method using coffee sludge and onion shells extract. The woolen fabric was refined and pre-mordanted with tannin. The dyeing process conducted was single-dye, using coffee sludge and onion shells extract, sequential multi-dye, consecutively dyeing with coffee sludge and onion shells, and mixed-dye, blending coffee sludge extract and onion shells extract to dye. The dyeing was measured on the surface color, color fastness, and UV-protection ability. As a result, the expression of various hues of tan using coffee sludge and onion shells extract were shown to be possible. Additionally, single-dye, sequential multi-dye, mixed-dye had generally superiority in color fastness to light, all rating 3 and color fastness to washing, rating 3 or 4, showing relatively stable color fastness to washing. The UV protection ability was shown to be better, especially appearing satisfactory in the UV-B protection, all measured to be over 90%.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

In this paper, the dyeing ability of the volcanic ash dyeing on cotton knitted fabrics were investigated. Acrylic copolymer was used to improve the depth of fabric color in the dyeing process. K/S values of dyed fabrics were measured to examine the dyeing properties. Two different classes of dyeing process were tested; (1) volcanic ash dyeing after pretreatment and (2) simultaneous co-treatment with volcanic ash and acrylic copolymer. In the first process, the effects of parameters such as the concentration of volcanic ash, concentration of Na2S04, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and pH of dyebath were noted. In the second process, the effects of parameters such as concentration of acrylic copolymer, dyeing time and temperature, and drying temperature were noted. Experimental results showed that the co-treatment of acrylic copolymer improved the dyeing properties of cotton knitted fabrics with volcanic ash. For the first dyeing experiment, concentration of dispersing agent was 0.1%, concentration of volcanic ash was 4%, treatment time was 20minutes, concentration of $Na_2SO_4$ was 2%, treatment temperature was $60^{\circ}C$ and treatment pH of dyebath was neutral. In the second dyeing experiment, concentration of acrylic copolymer was 2%, treatment temperature was $80^{\circ}C$, treatment time was 40 minutes, and treatment drying temperature was $150^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2007

Ginkgo leaves, which have been known as medical materials, were selected as new natural dyes in this study, in which it was examined whether they have the function of UV-blocker or not. Cotton, linen & Hanji(Korean traditional paper) were dyed with Ginkgo. Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Sn were selected as mordants. UV-blocking rate of dyed samples was measured after dyeing and mordant treatment. The results of this study are as follows. First, most surface color of dyed samples was yellow except that Hanji mordanted with Cu was yellowish red. Second, dyeing repetition had positive correlations with K/S values of cotton ($r=.\;758^{**}$), linen ($r=.\;500^*$) and Hanji ($r=.\;819^{**}$), because K/S values were increased according to dyeing repetition. Third, solar UV-blocking rates had positive correlations with dyeing repetitions (p<0.01), because UV-blocking rates had increased according to dyeing repetition. Fourth, UV-blocking ability of Hanji was highest among samples, as UV-blocking rates of cotton and linen dyed after 3 dyeing repetition were up to 93%, Hanji's values were up to 98%. Therefore, it was proven that Ginkgo extracts used in this experiment as dyestuff have excellent dyeing ability and high UV-blocking ability. It is hoped that this work will lead to further research to confirm the physiological effects when human wear the clothes made from Hanji.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1999

The dyeing experiments were done by using tannin pigments and herbs for natural fabrics such as ramie, hemp and silk. The anti-bacterial ability and color fastness were examined for dyed fabrics. Dye materials containing tannin pigment such as oak tree leaf showed rich dyeing on ramie, hemp, and silk fabrics when the pH of dye solution is lower as well as the dyeing temperature is higher. In crimson dyeing, the colour of fabric showed red-purple when the crimson pigment was extracted at 40$^{\circ}C$, while yellow-red when extracted above 70$^{\circ}C$. The colour fastness of dye materials containing tannin pigment was excellent showing 3~4 grade or above, while most of those derived from chinese medicine showed poor colour fastness of below 3 grade. The anti-bacterial ability of dye materials derived from chinese medicine was high, since the sappan wood fabric showed low bacteria reduction rate.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

The advantage of enzyme scouring over alkali scouring is that the enzymatic process can be carried in a neutral pH, resulting in less damage on the fibers and a drastic reduction of wastewater. Since the pH of scouring bath is neutral, dyeing can be carried in the same bath. Four different types of scouring and dyeing in a single-bath were performed in this work: continuous scouring and dyeing in one-bath I and II, simultaneous scouring and dyeing in one-bath I and II. The difference between process I and II is the existence of an after-treatment process in the scouring. Dyeing was performed with three major colors(red, blue, yellow) and black to investigate the dye-ability. The absorbency of scoured and dyed fabrics was measured using gravimetric absorbency testing system. The fabric weight loss was measured after the treatment. Although the color depth for the three major colored fabrics treated in a single-bath was lower than the fabric scoured and dyed separately, the fabrics dyed with black did not show much difference. In addition, the absorbency of fabric treated in a single-bath was higher than the fabric treated separately.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2011

It is well known that the Petasites japonicus has been used for a long time medicine for the treatment of allergic diseases such as lacquer poisoning. However, the exact components and dyeing properties of its effects is still not known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the dyeing property and ultraviolet-cut ability of silk and nylon fabrics that was dyed variously with the Petasites japonicus. The Petasites japonicus extract was done by boiling with distilled water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. As mordanting agent, we used Aluminum potassium sulfate ($AlK(SO_4)_2{\cdot}12H_2O$), Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate ($CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O$), Iron(II)Chloride ($FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$). The best K/S value of dyeing temperature and time, all the fabrics were $100^{\circ}C$, 90min. Silk fabric was dyed yellow(0.8Y 7.6/2.2) and nylon fabric was dyed reddish yellow(10.1 YR 7.4/3.0). Silk fabric and nylon fabric was changed greenish yellow on mordanting with $CuSO_5{\cdot}5H_2O$ and $FeCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ respectively. And the colorfastness of washing and dry-cleaning was improved by using mordanting agent(4~5 grade). Ultraviolet-cut ability(UV-B) was showed more 90% in dyed nylon fabrics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1045-1050
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• 2008

Developing of high technology, productivity of the fiber product has being rapidly increased and also various kinds of advanced treatment process lead consumer's needs to more high functional, clean and healthy goods. Moreover, increasing in the concern of eco-friendly material and processing, it has been getting popular that the dyeing method like as using natural dyes is more eco-friendly and natural-friendly treatment process. The method, used in this study, adhesion by binding with micro-capsulized natural material to fabric has low change in quality by external influence and high ability in spray effect by broken capsule which comes to pressure and friction when it dressed. Also it has wide application from natural fiber to synthetic fiber. The purpose of this study is development of multi-functional synthetic material with micro-capsulized Scutellaria baicalensis on PET. Moreover, it was driven by comparison of colormetric properties and fastness between regular dip-dyeing method and binding with micro-capsulized material method. Dye ability was arranged mostly low exhaustion but the PET treated by micro-capsule was more or less better than the dip-dyeing PET. Through the SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) of PET treated by micro-capsule, it has good residence of capsules even after 5 or 10 times washing. Wash and light fastness was arranged some different grade by each condition but mostly high achievement and the micro-capsulized PET was more improved than regular dip-dyed PET.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.194-205
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• 2013

In this study, we report dyeing properties and functionality of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with methanol extract from Juniperus chinensis heartwood. Non-aqueous dye of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracted with methanol was expressed reddish color. It showed relatively good affinity to silk than cotton. Dye uptake of cotton and silk continued to increase according to the increase of the dye concentration. Cotton was not affected by the dyeing temperature and time, however, dye uptake of silk was increased as the dyeing time and temperature were increased. Dye uptake of cotton and silk were the highest at pH 8 and pH 6 respectively. Dyed fabrics showed various colors depending on mordant types and mordant concentration. Washing, light and perspiration fastness were not good. However, rubbing and dry cleaning fastness showed relatively good grade. Dyed fabrics of ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability were improved. Also, dyed fabrics showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.709-717
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• 2010

This study investigated the properties and functions of wool and silk dyed with Catechu by examining the effects of dying conditions such as dye concentration, dying temperature, dyeing time, pH level and pre-mordants. These conditions were examined in relation to dye uptake and color changes, washing fastness, light fastness, ultraviolet-cut ability and antimicrobial ability of the dyed fabrics. Catechu showed good affinity to silk fiber. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was obtained, and so it was considered that ionic bondings are formed between Catechu and protein fiber. As the dyeing time and temperature is increased, the dyeability of both silk and wool fabrics also increases. At high temperatures the color of dyed fabrics changes from Y and YR to R. Wool is effective in using Al, Cu, Fe mordant, while silk is effective only in using only Cu mordants. The dyeability was shown to be improved at low pH levels. Additionally, both washing fastness and light fastness were shown to be low. However, the fabric color gradually changed to red was due to mailard reaction of catechol tannin causingby repeated washing and sunlight. The ultraviolet-cut ability was improved for cotton fabric dyed with Catechu. Also, dyed fabric with Catechu showed very good antimicrobial abilities at 99.9%.