• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.497-500
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• 1993

Sealapex was compaired with a zinc oxide eugenol sealer over a 24 - wk interval to examine solubility in an in vitro situation. After obturation with gutta percha and the appropriate sealer, speciemens were immediately immersed in a saline solution to challenge the solubility of the sealers. The solutions were changed weekly to allow for a continued dissolution of the sealers. After immersed in methylene blue solution for 3 days, the speciemens were made transparent by a clearing process. Microscopic examination was used to determine the linear penetration of dye for each speciemen. Result revealed that sealapex had no greater dissolution than ZOE(P<0.05).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2005

In order to develop a dye coloring technology on Conchiolin layer in cultured pearls, appropriate dyes were selected, their solubilities in various solvents were studied, and adsorption and desorption experiments were performed. Solubilities of several basic dyes known to suitable for the pearl coloring, i.e., Rhodamine 6G(R6), Rhodamine B(RB) and Methylene Blue(MB), in several solvents (distilled water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone) were investigated. Among these dyes, R6 was chosen as a dye for single component adsorption and desorption experiment due to the relatively good solubility in various solvents tested. Solubilities of dyes were judged to be enough to color the pearls since dye concentrations in pearl coloring are, in general, not so high. The internal surface area of the pearl layer is believed to be directly related to the dye adsorption, the single-point internal surface area of the pearl layer measured at the nitrogen relative pressure of 0.3 was found to be $0.913m^2/g$, and the BET internal surface area, $1.01m^2/g$ The most probable diameters of micropores and macropores were found to be $40{\AA}$and $5000{\AA}$ respectively, from the pore size distribution data. Adsorption isotherm was well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, resulting in q=$\frac{1.62C}{1+1.09C^{.}}$

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.397-399
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• 2012

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have received considerable attention as the most promising candidates for renewable energy systems in recent years. Among these, organic dyes which have many advantages such as large absorption coefficients, customized molecular design for desired photophysical and photochemical properties, inexpensiveness and environment-friendliness, are suitable as photosensitizers for DSSCs. We have studied on the design and synthesis of two organic dyes (BECZ 1 and BECZ 2) with a 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole core for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Two organic dyes comprised of two 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole moiety as electron-donor, two types of cyanoacrylic acid moiety acting as acceptor. In addition, n-ethyl unit introduced for increasing the solubility and the donating power. The obtained organic dyes were comprehensively characterized by NMR, GC-MS, FAB-MS and UV/Vis spectroscopies. DSSCs sensitized by the dyes BECZ1 and BECZ2 produced ${\eta}$ value 3.31% and a ${\eta}$ value 3.21%.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2007

Cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharid material which shows an ability to incorporate organic guest molecules inside their cavity area. Thus, this ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ treatment on fiber substrates may provide the changed surface characteristics of the substrates such as solubility, chemical reactivity and spectral property. In this context, the aim of this present work is to make a bridge connection using hetero-bi-functional reactive dye between fiber substrates and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$. In addition, the corresponding Berberine inclusion behaviors into the inner cavity of ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ was examined. The %exhaustion of Berberine inclusion as a guest molecule within the ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The findings showed that the %exhaustion of Berberine inclusion increased with increasing the prepared dye bridge compound and ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ host material.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.3272-3278
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• 2010

Synthesis and structural characterization of peripherally ferrocene-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-Fc) were carried out for efficient far-red/near-IR performance in dye-sensitized nanostructured $TiO_2$ solar cells. Incorporating ferrocene into phthalocyanine strongly improved the dye solubility in polar organic solvents, and reduced surface aggregation due to the steric effect of bulky ferrocene substituents. The involvement of electron transfer reaction pathways between ferrocene and phthalocyanine in ZnPc-Fc was evidenced by completely quenched fluorescence from S1 state (< 0.08% vs ZnPc). Strong absorption bands at 542 and 682 nm were observed in the transient absorption spectroscopy of ZnPc-Fc in DMSO, which was excited at a 670 nm laser pulse with a 15 ps full width at half maximum. Also, the excited state absorption signals at 450 - 600 and 750 - 850 nm appeared from the formation of charge separated state of phthalocyanine's anion. The lifetime of the charge separate state in ZnPc-Fc was determined to be $170{\pm}8$ ps, which was almost 17 times shorter than that of the ZnPc.

• 청정기술
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2003

청정생산방법론을 적용하여 염료생산공정의 청정화를 꾀하고자 하였다. 본 고에서는 반응중에 사용되는 공정수와 유기용매인 DMF의 회수방안을 모색하고, 고급산성염료 제조공정 보완을 통한 제품질 향상 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 청정생산방법론의 적용순서는 기업경영진의 결정, 대안도출, 대안평가 및 우선순위 결정, 실행, 모니터링 및 지속적 실행단계의 절차를 따라 수행하였으며, 이의 수행결과 DMF의 회수와 함께 용수사용량을 25% 이상 절감할 수 있었으며, 고급산성염료의 경우 2배 이상의 용해도 향상을 통하여 제품의 가치를 상승시킬 수 있었다.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제67권
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• pp.175-186
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• 2018

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), particularly carbon nanotube and graphene-based materials, are rapidly emerging as one of the most effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment. CNMs hold great potential as new generation adsorbents due to their high surface to volume ratio, as well as extraordinary chemical, mechanical and thermal stabilities. However, implementation of pristine CNMs in real world applications are still hindered due to their poor solubility in most solvents. Hence, surface modification of CNMs is essential for wastewater treatment application in order to improve its solubility, chemical stability, fouling resistance and efficiency. Numerous studies have reported the applications of functionalized CNMs as very promising adsorbents for treating organic and inorganic wastewater pollutants. In this paper, the removal of organic dye and phenol contaminants from wastewater using various type of functionalized CNMs are highlighted and summarized. Challenges and future opportunities for application of these CNMs as adsorbents in sustainable wastewater treatment are also addressed in this paper.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2001

Density, viscosity, conductance, dye solubility and carbon-13 nmr studies were performed in aqueous solution of three disodium 4-n-alkyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate anionic surfactant at $20^{\circ}C$. The cmc values were 0.14 mol/l for the disodium-4-n-octyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate($R_{8)S$), 0.041mol/l for the disodium-4-n-decyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate($R_{10}S$), and 0.018mol/l for the disodium-n-dodecyl-3-sulfonatosuccinate <$R_{12}S$). The aggregation numbers determined viscometrically and conductimetrically were 28 for $R_{8}S$, 48 for $R_{10}S$, and 67 for $R_{12}S$. The volume changes upon micellization were $8.9cm^{3}/mol$ for $R_{8}S$, $9.5cm^{3}/mol$ for $R_{10}S$, and $10.1cm^{3}/mol$ for $R_{12}S$. Binding constants for the dye pada to the micelles and the fractions of unbound counter-ion were also obtained. The two polar heads with their carbon linkage were likely in an aqueous environment in the $R_{8}S$ micelles with the micelles themselves being spherical.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1989

In past, dye diffusion and dyeing rate in fibers have been emphasized in dyeing phenomena. However, in the light of the properties of colloids in the surface of disperse phase and dispersion, there exist specific characters such as adsorption or electric double layer, which seems to play important roles in determining the physiochemical properties in the dyeing system. Electrostatic bonding, hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals adsorption are common in dyeing as well as covalent bonding. Particularly, electrostatic bonding is premised on the existance of ionic radicals in fibers. The present study was aimed to clarify the electrokinetic phenomena of dyeing through the role of electric double layer by ion in amphoteric fibers with different ionic effects under different pH. Spectrophotometric analysis method was used to compare dyeing condition of surface, which can be detected by electrokinetic phenomena and the inner of fibers after deceleration of dyed fibers. Nylon and wool, the typical amphoteric fibers were dyed with monoazo acid dyes such as C.I. Acid Orange 20, and C.I. Acid Orange 10. Various combinations were prepared by combining pH, temperature and dye concentration, in order to generate streaming electric potential which were measured by microvolt meter and specific conductivity meter. The results were transformed to zeta potential by Helmholtz-Smoluchowski formular and to surface electric charge density by Suzawa formular, surface dye amount, and effective surface area of fibers. The amount of dyes of inner fibers were also measured by the Lambert-Beer’s law. The main results obtained are as follows. 1. By measuring zeta pontential, it was possible to detect the dyeing mechanism, surface charge density, surface dye amount and effective surface area concerning dye adsorption of the amphoteric fibers. 2. Zeta pontential increases in negative at low pH and high dye concentration in the process of dyeing. This implied that there existed ionic bond formation in the dyeing mechanism between acid dyes and amphoteric fibers. 3. Dibasic acid dye had little changing rate in zeta potential due to the difference in solubility of dye and in number of dissociated ions per dye molecule to bond with amino radicals of amphoteric fibers. The dye adsorption of mono basic acid dye was higher than that of dibasic acid dye. 4. The effective surface areas concerning dyeing were $6.3E+05\;cm^2/g$ in nylon, $1.6E+07\;cm^2/g$ in wool fiber being higher order of wool then nylon.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.408-415
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• 1999

수산화칼슘은 높은 항균성으로 인해 최근에 근관소독제로 사용이 추천되고 있는 약제이다. 본 연구자는 근관내에 수산화칼슘을 투약한 후에 산화아연유지놀계 시멘트로 근관 충전을 하는 경우 근관시멘트의 물성의 변화를 경험할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 목적은 수산화칼슘을 근관내에 투약 후 근관충전재로 산화아연유지놀계 시멘트를 사용하는 경우 발생하는 근관시멘트의 물성변화를 알아보기 위함이다. 이를 위하여 수산화칼슘-유지놀 화합물의 불성 중 용해도, 흡수성, 피막도 및 변연폐쇄성을 기성 산화아연유지놀계 근관 시멘트인 Tubli-seal$^{(R)}$과 비교하여 연구하였다. 용해도와 흡수생의 측정을 위하여 ADAS No. 57에 따라 지름 20mm 두께 15mm인 시편을 제작하여 $37^{\circ}C$ 50ml의 증류수에 7일간 침잠후 무게의 변화를 측정하였고, 피막도 측정을 위하여 ADAS No. 57에 따라 두 유리판 사이에 실험물질을 위치시키고 15 Kg의 하중을 가한 후에 두께의 증가를 측정하였다. 마지막으로 변연폐쇄성 측정을 위해서는 우치 상아질 면과 아크릴 봉 사이에 실험물질을 위치시킨 후 3일 동안 Pelican ink에 침잠시킨 후 색소의 침투 면적을 계산하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. ${\cdot}$ 수산화칼슘-유지놀 화합물의 흡수성은 59.72${\pm}$17.75%로 측정되어 3.15${\pm}$0.76%로 측정된 Tubli-seal$^{(R)}$에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). ${\cdot}$ 수산화칼슘-유지놀 화합물의 용해도가 20.98${\pm}$2.94%로 측정되어 2.52${\pm}$0.49%로 측정된 Tubli-seal$^{(R)}$에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). ${\cdot}$ 수산화칼슘-유지놀 화합물의 피막도가 0.36${\pm}$0.03 mm로 측정되어 0.12${\pm}$0.01mm로 측정된 Tubli-seal$^{(R)}$에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). ${\cdot}$ 수산화칼슘-유지놀 화합물의 미세누출은 3일 동안의 색소 침투면적이 57.63${\pm}$25.85%로 측정되어 28.05${\pm}$23.46%로 측정 된 Tubli-seal$^{(R)}$에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05).